ライフサイエンスコーパス: brittle

1 ously cover the entire range from ductile to brittle.

2 erials, however, can be expensive, heavy and brittle.

3 , whereas each was previously proposed to be brittle.

4 hich suggests that protein G is mechanically brittle.

5 al proteins are predicted to be particularly brittle.

6 oves close to the folded state, i.e., RNA is brittle.

7 ical applications but are almost universally brittle.

8 is challenging as stiff materials tend to be brittle.

9 transport can render the materials stiff and brittle.

10 d from lipoic acid are rigid, resilient, and brittle.

11 ic plants expressing both glgC and the maize brittle-1 gene, the latter responsible for transport of

12 miniscent of the phenotype observed in maize brittle-1 mutable was also evident in these individuals.

13 zed, including a major membrane transporter (Brittle-1 or ADP-glucose transporter).

14 perties without fracturing the intrinsically brittle active materials or even inducing significant ch

15 This mutant was characterized by highly brittle aerial parts that broke easily from mechanical d

16 from selective amplification of mechanically brittle aggregates by sample agitation, captures the mec

17 in polymethylmethacrylate, the archetype of brittle amorphous materials: We reconstruct the complete

18 Brittle and "tiger-tail" hair is the diagnostic hallmark

19 ever, most oxidation resistant materials are brittle and a significant reduction in their yield stres

20 We conclude that the brittle and angular Unit 3 particulate are more suscepti

21 ntrast, amorphous carbon is known to be very brittle and can sustain little compressive deformation.

22 ks in water which have shown to be extremely brittle and demonstrate low yield strength.

23 ion of terminal differentiation, the hair is brittle and fragile and contains reduced cysteine conten

24 ween bare and cofilin-decorated segments are brittle and fragment at small bending and twisting defor

25 Silicon-based moulds are brittle and have limited longevity.

26 ontrast, the other patient had long standing brittle and poorly controlled diabetes with numerous epi

27 high field magnets operating above 12 T are brittle and subjected to large strains because of the di

28 ning systems, including that they are highly brittle and that they need vastly more examples than do

29 -carbon martensitic steels are intrinsically brittle and thus are not expected to find any applicatio

30 Skeletal fragility, as reflected in brittle and weak femora, is an inherent feature of PKU.

31 ctin becomes less like cast iron (strong but brittle) and more like steel (stronger and more resilien

32 ent fish-bone remains, despite being porous, brittle, and light, provide an excellent source of endog

33 ity, macroscopically they can effectively be brittle, and much current research is directed at improv

34 , glassy materials are inherently strong but brittle, and often demonstrate extreme sensitivity to fl

35 The capsid becomes brittle, and pentons are more easily released.

36 studies have found that native proteins are brittle, and thus not very deformable.

37 The toughening origin of previously-thought brittle aragonite platelet is ascribed to its unique nan

38 am method, show that these composites are as brittle as dense Al(2)O(3) (having a toughness of 3.22 M

39 wt.%) are very hard but at the same time as brittle as glass in as-quenched or low-temperature-tempe

40 rdless of diet and sex, PKU femora were more brittle, as manifested by lower post-yield displacement,

41 ree of stress concentration on LFE-producing brittle asperities embedded within an otherwise aseismic

42 These compounds are usually brittle at low temperatures, and transformation from one

43 -hole bonds were stronger, tighter, and more brittle at pH 7 than at pH 5.

44 ical uses have materialized because they are brittle at room temperature.

45 bility-engineering" strategy is exploited in brittle bcc HEAs via tailoring the stability of the cons

46 alline materials were found to be strong but brittle, because both nucleation and motion of dislocati

47 way to extend the ductility of intrinsically-brittle BMGs, opening up wider applications of these mat

48 ompetition between two alternative routes of brittle bond breaking and plastic relaxation, determine

49 We identify phenotypes associated with human brittle bone disease and thyroid stimulating hormone rec

50 Osteogenesis imperfecta or 'brittle bone disease' has mainly been considered a bone

51 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI or brittle bone disease) is a disorder of connective tissue

52 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a clinically and genetically he

53 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is most often caused by dominant m

54 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, often results from missense mutati

55 A mouse model of the genetic brittle bone disease, osteogenesis imperfect, oim, is ch

56 eogenesis Imperfecta (OI), also known as the brittle bone disease, relates to the extent of conformat

57 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited brittle bone disorder characterized by bone fragility an

58 agen genes in MSCs from individuals with the brittle bone disorder osteogenesis imperfecta, demonstra

59 implicate human Opt as a candidate gene for brittle bone disorders.

60 f 2 transgenic lines produced offspring with brittle bones caused by a reduction in collagenous bone

61 Here we report brittle bones in mice with osteocyte-targeted EphrinB2 d

62 anner, of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones, fractures and extraskeletal manifestation

63 that results in low bone mineral density and brittle bones.

64 ons on the plastic deformation behavior of a brittle bulk amorphous alloy by simple uniaxial compress

65 Bulk silicon is brittle, but it becomes ductile at about 540 degrees C.

66 r strengthening and toughening the otherwise brittle calcite optical lenses found in the brittlestar

67 formation at room temperature is essentially brittle, cataclastic, and mostly accommodated by fractur

68 ly high fracture toughness in spite of their brittle ceramic constituents.

69 ngth relationships that lie between those of brittle ceramics and marginally tough metals.

70 as they are critical for clinical success of brittle ceramics and treatment options that rely on adhe

71 y the hard realities of these new materials: brittle ceramics are not easily formed into long flexibl

72 on nanotubes (SWNTs) as toughening agents in brittle ceramics.

73 e-centered cubic metals in that it undergoes brittle cleavage after a period of plastic deformation u

74 density and strong work hardening from which brittle cleavage is a natural consequence.

75 The quantitative mechanical data (brittle compressive strength and friction coefficient) o

76 A simple strategy for changing a brittle conducting polymer ( PEDOT: PSS) into a solution

77 A simple strategy for changing a brittle conducting polymer ( PEDOT: PSS) into a solution

78 sts mostly of aragonite (a form of CaCO3), a brittle constituent of relatively low strength ([Formula

79 crostructures, which are composited with two brittle constituents (graphene and ceramic) assembled in

80 nal class of quasibrittle structures, having brittle constituents and characterized by nonnegligible

81 that in a multimaterial fibre composed of a brittle core embedded in a ductile polymer cladding, col

82 containing protein 5 (PRDM5) genes result in brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) Types 1 and 2, respectivel

83 aneous rupture, are the cardinal features of brittle cornea syndrome (BCS), an autosomal-recessive ge

84 Type 2 brittle cornea syndrome (BCS2) is an inherited connectiv

85 lators of mineralization are modified in the brittle cortical bone but a cluster of autophagy-associa

86 Furthermore, the brittle cracking mechanism is proposed for the graphene

87 application of uniaxial stress evolves from brittle cracking to system-spanning diffuse breaking.

88 e mechanism of earthquake instability in the brittle crust as (1) gouge always forms during fault sli

89 atically consistent network of faults in the brittle crust.

90 rs through deformation and fracturing of the brittle crust.

91 Two endmember models have been proposed: (1) brittle crustal thickening, in which thrust faults with

92 Brittle crystals, such as coloured gems, have long been

93 , and if so how they can go straight in real brittle crystals, which always contain many such defects

94 emical correlations are observed in the more brittle Cu46Zr54, where topological low coordination num

95 trophy (TTD), a rare inherited disorder with brittle, cystine-deficient hair.

96 e development of layer-normal strain without brittle damage.

97 istent with the observations on Pluto of non-brittle deformation within the N2-ice sheet.

98 s are usually inflexible oxides that undergo brittle deformation.

99 lant alone (PTA) in a nonuremic patient with brittle diabetes mellitus remains a rare procedure becau

100 t option that allows nonuremic patients with brittle diabetes to become insulin-independent in the lo

101 akes (LFEs) on faults in the vicinity of the brittle-ductile (seismic-aseismic) transition.

102 However, the recent discovery of abundant brittle-ductile fault textures in silicic lavas has led

103 little is known quantitatively regarding its brittle-ductile properties and yield strength at high te

104 ossible hydrothermal circulation down to the brittle-ductile transition, effectively stabilizes along

105 -300 km in subduction zones, occur below the brittle-ductile transition, where high pressures render

106 ed by crustal permeability, particularly the brittle-ductile transition.

107 lower critical reinforcement volume for the brittle-ductile transition.

108 l anisotropic strength profiles identify the brittle-ductile transitions in lithospheric strength.

109 touch pads are developed based on stiff and brittle electrodes with the lack of the important nature

110 nd ablation of Mmp20 in mice results in thin brittle enamel with a dysplastic rod pattern.

111 Mmp20 null mice have thin brittle enamel with disrupted rod patterns that easily a

112 crack-arrest barrier for flaws formed in the brittle enamel1.

113 stly unknown genes interacting with opaque2, brittle endosperm1 and shrunken2, contributes to seed ph

114 n loci, such as teosinte branched1 (tb1) and brittle endosperm2 (bt2), had already lost most of the n

115 tarch biosynthesis: amylose extender1 (ae1), brittle endosperm2 (bt2), shrunken1 (sh1), sh2, sugary1,

116 fterward, all organs of the bk2 mutants turn brittle, even the preexisting ones, and they remain brit

117 The micro-mechanisms of brittle failure affect the bulk mechanical behaviour and

118 led a transition from plastic deformation to brittle failure and at least a factor-of-2 higher streng

119 sion to >/= 50% strain; (iii) suppression of brittle failure and structural instabilities in hollow c

120 To overcome brittle failure in tension, BMG-matrix composites have b

121 approximately 680 km, even though unassisted brittle failure is inhibited at depths greater than abou

122 ressure and temperature with depth precludes brittle failure or frictional sliding beyond a few tens

123 Here we apply a new model of elastic-brittle failure to test the alternative view that succes

124 his approach has had minimal success because brittle failure typically precedes detectable color chan

125 mechanics, and Weibull statistical theory of brittle failure, and (ii) to give a broad but succinct o

126 ed failure analogous to, but different from, brittle failure.

127 ouge formation are found to be ubiquitous in brittle faults at all scales, and most slip along mature

128 ads to the break-up of an embedded or coated brittle film into narrow parallel strips that are aligne

129 by a simple geometrical model applicable to brittle films on ductile substrates.

130 ging from 55 to 85 years), 44 (67%) reported brittle fingernails at a median of 6.5 (95% CI, 6-12) mo

131 grain "disarticulation zone," converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a

132 ive model, based on experiments, for the non-brittle, fluid dynamic induced fragmentation of low visc

133 consistent with the consumption of hard and brittle foods.

134 effective energy harvesting are too hard and brittle for seamless integration into wearables.

135 e rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention.

136 that nacreous sections can exhibit complete brittle fracture along the tablet interfaces at the prop

137 ed in most of these applications suffer from brittle fracture and low crack tolerance.

138 ow that BP treatment is associated with more brittle fracture and microcracks without altering the av

139 ut catastrophic failure; larger ones exhibit brittle fracture at a strain of ~20%.

140 We observe failure by brittle fracture at an average stress of 1.1 GPa.

141 Because brittle fracture in any structural material can involve

142 py experiments reveal a striking contrast of brittle fracture in pristine silicon versus ductile tens

143 ss-to-radius ratio of the tubes can suppress brittle fracture in the constituent solid in favor of el

144 es of 2-4 GPa (60-120 km depth), above which brittle fracture mechanics predicts that the instability

145 hous metals that usually exhibit macroscopic brittle fracture modes.

146 Catastrophic brittle fracture of crystalline materials is one of the

147 The in situ tensile testing reveals the brittle fracture of large-area MoSe2 crystals and measur

148 s demonstrate the extensive applicability of brittle fracture theory to fundamental understanding of

149 licability of the classic Griffith theory of brittle fracture to graphene.

150 sent end-members of a continuous spectrum of brittle fracture types.

151 arge-scale simulations of mixed-mode I + III brittle fracture using a continuum phase-field method th

152 which usually leads to material crazing and brittle fracture.

153 ic yielding, and almost always terminated by brittle fracture.

154 A majority of the fibril specimens showed brittle fracture.

155 Two basic types of brittle fractures are commonly observed in rock deformat

156 presence of more WEs results in a strong but brittle gel with a high initial flow yield stress.

157 Unlike conventional brittle glasses, metallic glasses are generally capable

158 The T(g) demarks the transition into a brittle glassy state, making its accurate prediction for

159 crack nucleation under indentation, even for brittle glassy systems.

160 materials, resulting from the coexistence of brittle grains and soft amorphous grain boundary phases.

161 clude microcephaly, developmental delay, and brittle hair and nails.

162 They had a wide variety of phenotypes, from brittle hair only to severe intellectual impairment and

163 ARS variants are unique in presenting with a brittle-hair-and-nail phenotype, which most likely refle

164 ble by cold-plastic forming of the typically brittle Hf-based bulk amorphous alloy through controllin

165 hole insects presents a challenge due to the brittle hydrophobic cuticle surrounding the body and het

166 ound state, implying that the interaction is brittle, i.e., once deformed, the complex fractures.

167 in mature stems but not seedlings, and more brittle in both stems and seedlings, compared to wild ty

168 c nucleus is argued, and partly shown, to be brittle in the face of self-threat.

169 , irrespective of their compositions, become brittle in the intermediate temperature range of 0.6-0.7

170 In addition, Abeta fibrils are found to be brittle in the lateral direction of unbinding and soft a

171 le temperature reading but they are based on brittle inorganic materials with low Seebeck coefficient

172 foods and P. robustus consumed more hard and brittle items, but that both had variable and overlappin

173 model of human osteogenesis imperfecta, the Brittle IV (Brtl) mouse, in which defective type I colla

174 xure-induced cementation surface fracture of brittle layers than the axial loading.

175 These plants had brittle leaves and cell walls of leaves had less galactu

176 n TC molecules begin to fracture, leading to brittle-like failure.

177 tensile elasticity (>20%) not found in their brittle-like metallic constituents, and a near-constant

178 iscosity that acts to decouple the overlying brittle lithosphere from the deeper convecting mantle.

179 cts near room temperature in the notoriously brittle magnetocaloric material MnCoGeB(0.03) .

180 actical method of driving caloric effects in brittle magnetocaloric materials, which display first-or

181 pathologies: molars lacking roots, thin and brittle mandibular incisors, and weakened abnormal maxil

182 hey lack ductility and fail in an apparently brittle manner in unconstrained loading geometries.

183 e pre-cracked graphene sample fractures in a brittle manner with sharp edges, at a breaking stress su

184 copper cause this ductile metal to fail in a brittle manner?

185 t such failure can be suppressed in normally brittle martensitic ceramics by providing a fine-scale s

186 s the speed of a crack propagating through a brittle material increases, a dynamical instability lead

187 ain curve shows that the BiI3 nanosheet is a brittle material with a breaking strain of 13%.

188 chanism, BMGs are typically considered to be brittle materials and are not suitable for structural ap

189 Elastic waves are generated when brittle materials are subjected to increasing strain.

190 enables morphological control, transforming brittle materials into mechanically tough blends.

191 chanics descriptions for damage evolution in brittle materials loaded repeatedly with a sliding spher

192 Some brittle materials such as intermetallics and ceramics ex

193 Nanoporous glasses are inherently brittle materials that become increasingly fragile with

194 sisting of quasibrittle materials, which are brittle materials with inhomogeneities that are not negl

195 ical procedures that inevitably damage these brittle materials, and the oral environment.

196 The behaviour is observed in many different brittle materials, but the underlying physical principle

197 Incorporation of iron is found beyond hard, brittle materials, even within the soft adhesive produce

198 transgranular fracture has been observed in brittle materials, our results show transgranular fractu

199 and thus, it allows for replicating hard and brittle materials, such as silicon, from a reusable poly

200 In many amorphous brittle materials, sufficiently fast crack growth involv

201 sics of the scale-invariant fragmentation of brittle materials, which is shown to be applicable to du

202 aws even when made entirely of intrinsically brittle materials.

203 del, which describes the failure behavior of brittle materials.

204 endent of material parameters for isotropic, brittle media, our results apply across scales.

205 ganosilica films are much more flexible than brittle mesoporous silica films templated by NCC.

206 Despite the high loading of brittle metal oxide particles, the biscrolled solid-stat

207 though cuttlebone is primarily composed of a brittle mineral, aragonite, the structure is highly dama

208 how that polycrystalline graphene fails in a brittle mode and grain boundary junctions serve as the c

209 ved with ductile failure for L1(2) phase and brittle mode for B2 phase.

210 s, resulting in transitional brittle to semi-brittle modes under P and T much lower than expected.

211 maintaining a similar ductility to the least brittle monocarbide (TaC) during the operation of [Formu

212 es (AFFs), rare fractures with a transverse, brittle morphology.

213 de reveals unusual deformation mechanisms in brittle nanophase materials, resulting from the coexiste

214 diffusion, promoting adhesion and toughening brittle nanoporous structures.

215 lack of work hardening, and macroscopically brittle nature in these metals when their average grain

216 Their intrinsically brittle nature is a critical issue, but can be overcome

217 cal and sealing components, but owing to the brittle nature of ceramics their use requires careful en

218 ind limited utility due to their macroscopic brittle nature, high costs, and difficulty of processing

219 fficulties with manipulation of these small, brittle objects that are prone to cracking and disintegr

220 re titanium transforms from ductile alpha to brittle omega at 9 GPa, creating serious technological p

221 n absorb spikes in mechanical force, whereas brittle ones fail catastrophically.

222 ly understood only for the limiting cases of brittle or ductile structures.

223 8), toys with paint or coating (n = 12), and brittle or pliable toys (n = 18), TC's were below the EU

224 MPa m(0.5), which is even lower than that of brittle oxide glasses due to the preferential breakage o

225 croscale elastic connector for the rigid and brittle perovskite and induces stretchability to the com

226 dness number(VHN) showed no significant hard brittle phases in the sample.

227 d bend tests of the internodes show that the brittle phenotype does not result from loss of tensile s

228 ile leaves before or after appearance of the brittle phenotype, but bk2 mature and developing stems a

229 is lowered in leaves after the onset of the brittle phenotype, total wall mass as a proportion of dr

230 ly development, well before the onset of the brittle phenotype, we propose that Bk2 functions in a pa

231 content is not strictly correlated with the brittle phenotype.

232 y that large-scale deformation occurred in a brittle-plastic regime and was accommodated through fold

233 e that a scaffold made from PLLA, known as a brittle polymer, does not fracture when crimped onto a b

234 g the N-terminal domain exhibit mechanically brittle properties in the unbound state, but highly flex

235 enome, we identified the causal mutations in Brittle Rachis 1 (TtBtr1) genes controlling shattering,

236 dependent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of bar

237 Narrow strike-slip faults in the shallow brittle regime of interior Marlborough diffuse in width

238 from ductile behavior at high velocities to brittle response at low velocities.

239 Faults in brittle rock are shear fractures formed through the inte

240 injection of large volumes of CO(2) into the brittle rocks commonly found in continental interiors.

241 ocalization process that culminates in large brittle rupture events.

242 n ratio, entails a crossover from plastic-to-brittle rupture mechanisms.

243 l improvements to the physical properties of brittle, self-assembled zein networks through microbial

244 ching those of conventional systems built on brittle semiconductor wafers.

245 Standard stochastic optimization methods are brittle, sensitive to stepsize choice and other algorith

246 An improved understanding of brittle shear failure in three dimensions has important

247 promotes a mutual interaction that produces brittle shear planes oriented obliquely to the remote pr

248 ing, the macroporous structure coated by the brittle Si nanolayer can withstand high pressure and mai

249 We also identify BRITTLE STALK 2-LIKE 3 as a putative ortholog of AtCOB.

250 The maize (Zea mays) brittle stalk2 (bk2) is a recessive mutant, the aerial p

251 Here, we identified the maize brittle stalk4 (bk4) mutant in a Mutator F2 population.

252 ted an in-depth analysis of N-glycans from a brittle star (Ophiactis savignyi) as an example member o

253 evaluated poecilogony vs. crypticism in the brittle star Astrotoma agassizii across the Southern Oce

254 rms of glycophylogeny, our data position the brittle star between invertebrates and vertebrates and c

255 During the day, the brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii demonstrates spatial visi

256 f extraocular vision research [1-7], and the brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii, which exhibits light-res

257 was recently predicted from a bioluminescent brittle star, indicating that RLuc-like luciferases may

258 dae, and confirmed the position of ophiuroid brittle stars as sister to asteroid sea stars (the Aster

259 165,000 distribution records of Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), a dominant component of sea-floor fauna,

260 including some cnidarians, ctenophores, and brittle stars, but those use luminescent substrates (luc

261 se PLK-1 and SPD-2 and transition to a weak, brittle state that enables force-mediated centrosome dis

262 Here we report that these brittle steels can be transformed into super-strong ones

263 y of reacted cement leads to a wide range of brittle strength values in any of the reaction zones, wi

264 ic treatment of zein produced a weaker, more brittle structure.

265 For perfectly ductile and perfectly brittle structures, the empirical approach is sufficient

266 Mutant mice develop brittle teeth with hypoplastic dentin and molars with an

267 The high anisotropies, brittle textures and high manufacturing costs limit the

268 KO wounds were significantly weaker and more brittle than control wounds, results consistent with the

269 Fresh TA biscuits were significantly more brittle than fresh PG biscuits.

270 thin graphene, between the substrate and the brittle thin film.

271 The cut concept fails on brittle thin sheets due to severe stress concentration i

272 th impaired desquamation, hypotrichosis with brittle, thin, uneven, and sparse hair, and tooth defect

273 f-heal by thermal restoration to re-form the brittle thread.

274 , even the preexisting ones, and they remain brittle throughout the life of the plant.

275 fusion joining of Ti6Al4V to SS316 can cause brittle Ti-Fe intermetallics which compromise join bonds

276 nd strain rates regulate the transition from brittle to ductile behaviour.

277 slocation mobility being responsible for the brittle to ductile temperature transition.

278 The brittle to ductile transition in densified silica glass

279 vity; versatile mechanical response (elastic-brittle to elastomeric, reversible deformation, high ene

280 damage processes, resulting in transitional brittle to semi-brittle modes under P and T much lower t

281 The glass is found to exhibit an anomalous brittle-to-ductile transition behavior, considering its

282 ucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of the brittle-to-ductile transition governed by atomic bonding

283 We observe a brittle-to-ductile transition in samples with orthogonal

284 measurements by nanoindentation show a rapid brittle-to-ductile transition of fracture as the lithium

285 uently, an abrupt and dramatic size-induced "brittle-to-ductile" transition occurs around 100 nm.

286 Fifteen patients (23%) developed brittle toenails after a median of 9 (95% CI, 6-15) mont

287 cludes failure and can punctuate the viscous-brittle transition in crystal-bearing magmas at certain

288 crystallization exhibits a higher ductile-to-brittle transition temperature which increases with the

289 he ideal limit, with a remarkable ductile-to-brittle transition with decreasing twin size.

290 ighly anisotropic, and exhibits a ductile-to-brittle transition with increasing strain rate in the dr

291 o insulin therapy in patients suffering from brittle type 1 diabetes.

292 have shown that natively folded proteins are brittle under tension, unfolding after small mechanical

293 Joining a brittle veneer to a strong ceramic core with an adhesive

294 intuitive notions of strong versus weak and brittle versus directly characterize the robustness of d

295 ain language terms of strong versus weak and brittle versus ductile take on precise, quantitative mea

296 le" to process, since they are infusible and brittle when dry.

297 However, spike-timing codes are often brittle, which has limited their use in theoretical neur

298 the disease-causing K255E mutation are more brittle, with a lower breaking stress in comparison to n

299 Most hydrogels are brittle, with fracture energies of about 10 J m(-2) (ref

300 ally null mice are dramatically weakened and brittle, with spontaneous fractures-defining features of