ライフサイエンスコーパス: calcium influx

1 exchanger (NCX) as predominant mechanisms of calcium influx.

2 TRPC6 promoter activity and TRPC6-dependent calcium influx.

3 mpartmentalization of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx.

4 to action potential broadening and increased calcium influx.

5 such as neurotransmitter release by limiting calcium influx.

6 inding proteins, and was highly dependent on calcium influx.

7 T cell effector functions require sustained calcium influx.

8 istance to NMDA-induced toxicity and reduced calcium influx.

9 ired for acidosis-mediated signaling through calcium influx.

10 triggers an inward current concomitant with calcium influx.

11 subunit of PI3K and AKT as well as abrogated calcium influx.

12 esting that ASIC1 may regulate mitochondrial calcium influx.

13 elium of Young in conjunction with twice the calcium influx.

14 , revealing two stereotyped phases of axonal calcium influx.

15 ent thrombin permeabilization by obstructing calcium influx.

16 that it was not secondary to a reduction of calcium influx.

17 slocation and ISR, independent of effects on calcium influx.

18 toskeleton of mammalian cells in response to calcium influx.

19 disulphide bonds, which results in sustained calcium influx.

20 propagated via the innexin INX-16, likely by calcium influx.

21 dent inactivation (CDI) and allows sustained calcium influx.

22 ir direct membrane interaction and resultant calcium influx.

23 ysin deletion involves prevention of reduced calcium influx.

24 ene, which also inhibited Nod-factor-induced calcium influx.

25 r by measuring inhibition of the ATP-induced calcium influx.

26 re not likely due to large channel-dependent calcium influx.

27 um signaling and severely blunted persistent calcium influx.

28 lcium may be independent of channel-mediated calcium influx.

29 d reactive oxidative species (ROS)-regulated calcium influx.

30 age-dependent calcium channels, resulting in calcium influx.

31 ion of calcium ion stores and store-operated calcium influx.

32 ppositely regulates plant salt tolerance and calcium influx.

33 rive the NCX into reverse mode, resulting in calcium influx.

34 ial respiration, NADH turnover, ATP/ADP, and calcium influx.

35 7 synergistically enhanced degranulation and calcium influx.

36 ering, or decreasing action potential-evoked calcium influx.

37 that ICWs were initiated by an extracellular calcium influx across the cell membrane nearest to the j

38 is expressed in cardiomyocytes and decreases calcium influx across the L-type Ca(2+) channel.

39 urons from young and aged rats, we show that calcium influx across the plasma membrane increases with

40 ese has been used for indirect monitoring of calcium influx across the sarcolemma and may allow detec

41 Cytosolic calcium influx activates signaling pathways known to sup

42 tance, resulting in membrane depolarization, calcium influx, aldosterone production, and cell prolife

43 ffect requires cold-induced, TRPA-1-mediated calcium influx and a calcium-sensitive PKC that signals

44 Hair cell depolarization leads to calcium influx and activation of a large calcium-activat

45 AR transport is bidirectionally regulated by calcium influx and activation of calcium/calmodulin-depe

46 The longer AP duration increased LSO calcium influx and AP failure rates, and increased AP la

47 tivate SARM1 NADase activity, which leads to calcium influx and axon degeneration.

48 tivates TRESK through NMDA and AMPA mediated calcium influx and calcineurin activation to then oppose

49 her these Nod-factors differentially induced calcium influx and calcium spiking.

50 ogical relevance in control of voltage-gated calcium influx and calcium-dependent cellular functions.

51 iking activity in coupled neurons depends on calcium influx and calcium-initiated signalling pathways

52 However, the cellular mechanisms whereby calcium influx and CaMKII control Ras activity remain el

53 els is critical for feedback control of both calcium influx and cell excitability.

54 pacity was shown by anti-MRGPRX2 mAb-induced calcium influx and concentration-dependent induction of

55 artate receptor (NMDA-R) agonist, leading to calcium influx and downstream cell signaling events and

56 Here we show that calcium influx and Drp1-mediated, rapid mitochondrial fi

57 ought transporters involved in mitochondrial calcium influx and efflux have recently been identified.

58 echol estrogens produced rapid activation of calcium influx and elevation in cytosolic free calcium.

59 Calcium influx and FM1-43 uptake were found to always be

60 activation of Gq/11-dependent intracellular calcium influx and Gi/o-dependent inhibition of adenylyl

61 y protects against FFA-induced impairment of calcium influx and GSIS in vitro and in vivo but does no

62 d without FFA reproduces the defects in both calcium influx and GSIS, suggesting that upregulation of

63 we observed that P. ostreatus caused excess calcium influx and hypercontraction of the head and phar

64 n-depleted podocytes enhanced TRPC6-mediated calcium influx and induced apoptosis.

65 rpm) as a critical channel that mediates the calcium influx and initiates the calcium wave during Dro

66 Calcium influx and insulin secretion stimulated by estro

67 ed by feedback mechanism that senses average calcium influx and jointly regulate multiple conductance

68 drenaline on TRPV1 channels was dependent on calcium influx and linked to calcium/calmodulin-dependen

69 Cell death caused by CTX involved calcium influx and mitochondrial damage both in murine C

70 s and TRPV1 agonists triggered mitochondrial calcium influx and mitochondrial dysfunction in endothel

71 l damage after spinal cord injury depends on calcium influx and mitochondrial permeability transition

72 ditions, showing that shear stress-dependent calcium influx and monocyte adhesion are mediated by the

73 efects in membrane repair/integrity leads to calcium influx and myofiber necrosis leading to progress

74 or the homeostatic modulation of presynaptic calcium influx and neurotransmitter release.

75 Mechanistically, histones induced profound calcium influx and overload in cultured cardiomyocytes w

76 y expressed in brain and kidney and mediates calcium influx and promotes cell migration.

77 was independent of syntaxin-1, but required calcium influx and protein kinase C (PKC) activity.

78 Interestingly, TAAR1 triggered cAMP-mediated calcium influx and release from internal stores, both of

79 e control of insulin secretion rate (ISR) by calcium influx and signaling from cytochrome c in islets

80 l (Cav1.2) antagonist that directly inhibits calcium influx and smooth muscle contractility, leading

81 oda1, a chemical activator of Piezo1, causes calcium influx and subsequent dehydration of RBCs via do

82 prevented D1R-mediated facilitation of NMDAR-calcium influx and subsequent ERK activation.

83 to depolarize them to voltages necessary for calcium influx and synaptic vesicle fusion.

84 w a tight functional coupling between CaV1.3 calcium influx and the intermediate-conductance KCa3.1 p

85 Moreover, both FO and trans-anethole induced calcium influx and transmembrane currents in HEK293 cell

86 king to the plasma membrane was secondary to calcium influx and was mediated by its C2A and C2B domai

87 cultured neurons show extrasynaptic, diffuse calcium influxes and enhanced vulnerability to NMDA-indu

88 genin3 but requires membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and calcineurin signaling.

89 eek letter for gamma reduces the ACh-induced calcium influx, and depending on their temporal sequence

90 ng repetitive activity, enhanced presynaptic calcium influx, and elevated neurotransmitter release.

91 higher channel open probability, induce more calcium influx, and enhance glutamatergic transmission.

92 n between the ER and PM for lipid transport, calcium influx, and ER morphology in mammalian and funga

93 ge of axons, increasing blood flow, reducing calcium influx, and inhibiting the accumulation of micro

94 ncreatic islet beta-cell membrane potential, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, and consequently,

95 ormal calcium channel abundance, presynaptic calcium influx, and neurotransmitter release.

96 tead, the effect of HMBA was downstream of a calcium influx, and required the pattern recognition rec

97 polarization of mitochondria, ATP depletion, calcium influx, and the accumulation of ROS, yet cell de

98 s perturbations in firing through changes in calcium influx, and translates this into compensatory ch

99 occur as a result of excessive intracellular calcium influx, and we have previously shown that angiot

100 Glucose metabolism and calcium influx are involved in primiR-199a2 expression b

101 naptic activation of NMDARs nor postsynaptic calcium influx are required for its induction.

102 cell loss, result in multiple mechanisms of calcium influx around epithelial wounds.

103 cell membranes, which would otherwise induce calcium influx as the major mechanism of cytotoxicity ca

104 MEM16F-dependent phospholipid scrambling and calcium influx, as a kinetic assay to investigate the me

105 140 nM in a PNU-120596-dependent, cell-based calcium influx assay.

106 vious studies have shown that atRAL promotes calcium influx associated with cell apoptosis.

107 The control of calcium influx at the plasma membrane by endoplasmic ret

108 es: intra-nuclear calcium oscillations and a calcium influx at the root hair tip.

109 ion does require membrane depolarization and calcium influx but appears to rely mostly on a distal st

110 on by PAF also requires potassium efflux and calcium influx but not lysosomal cathepsin or mitochondr

111 d-type NSP4 activated STIM1, resulting in PM calcium influx, but an NSP4 viroporin mutant failed to i

112 Reducing calcium influx by blocking R-type voltage-gated calcium

113 polarizes the cell but paradoxically reduces calcium influx by inactivating voltage-dependent calcium

114 e in cGMP levels, so that cGMP inhibition of calcium influx can limit NO production.

115 , affects calcium entry and small changes in calcium influx can produce large changes in postsynaptic

116 ted transient spine expansion in response to calcium influx caused by NMDA receptor activation.

117 This calcium influx causes adherens junction disassembly and

118 ed presynaptic calcium channel abundance and calcium influx, changes that are independent of the pres

119 olipids, and drought sensing by the specific calcium influx channel OSCA1.

120 tores and activation of plasma membrane (PM) calcium influx channels, ultimately causing a 2- to 4-fo

121 tric pulse (nsEP) exposure generates reduced calcium influx compared to a unipolar (UP) nsEP.

122 These additive effects on calcium influx correlate with the additive effects of mu

123 sense pressure through Piezo, which mediates calcium influx, directing movement with blebs instead of

124 agent; Gramicidin, eliciting K(+) efflux and calcium influx; dithiocarbamate, a metal ionophore; and

125 Weak calcium influx does not promote closure, but facilitates

126 transiently activated by calcium sparks and calcium influx during action potentials and control the

127 rites of cortical pyramidal neurons regulate calcium influx during backpropagating APs in a distance-

128 was recently reported also to be involved in calcium influx during egg activation and in further embr

129 g the output of central neurons by providing calcium influx during repetitive inputs.

130 yl)methanone; (CIQ)] enhanced vagal afferent calcium influx during stimulation.

131 present work uses voltage steps to regulate calcium influx during the application of ACh to hair cel

132 l Hydra imaging shows that epitheliomuscular calcium influx dynamics and inter-cell progression speed

133 ffer in aging neurons balances the increased calcium influx following a small number (<3) action pote

134 rated by severity of nanopore-mediated local calcium influx for lysosome fusion, represents a biophys

135 anced by channel gating, prevents changes in calcium influx from occurring at the end of the AP and t

136 frequency action potential bursts and alters calcium influx from single action potential stimuli.

137 ed cells demonstrated normal glucose-induced calcium influx, further indicating beta cell functionali

138 NMDA receptor-dependent calcium influx has been shown to regulate the RAS-ERK pa

139 They elicited calcium influx, hyperalgesia and induced pro-nociceptive

140 mplementary to this, a facilitator of L-type calcium influx impairs retrieval in wild-type mice.

141 Y cells in vitro remodeled actin and reduced calcium influx in a reversible manner.

142 EG application potentiated capsaicin-induced calcium influx in a subset of sensory neurons.

143 iminating Nox2 ROS production would decrease calcium influx in adult mdx mice and that MEMRI would be

144 -dependent calcium channel (VDCC)-intervened calcium influx in airway epithelial cells, resulting in

145 and guinea pig vagus in vitro, and inhibited calcium influx in airway-specific neurons in vitro.

146 In addition, AYP evoked calcium influx in approximately 1.5% of cultured DRG neu

147 This finding correlated with increased calcium influx in CGD neutrophils, which was restrained

148 ability to block capsaicin and acid-induced calcium influx in CHO cells expressing human TRPV1.

149 V1, but not of TRPA1, diminished AYP-induced calcium influx in DRG neurons and the scratching behavio

150 gen species (ROS) production reduced in vivo calcium influx in dystrophic muscle.

151 nce of shear-stress-evoked ionic current and calcium influx in endothelial cells and the ability of e

152 propose that either increase or decrease in calcium influx in excitable cells can be associated with

153 dibenzyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine, 12) of calcium influx in HEK293 cells.

154 nd A analogs decreased GLT-induced cytosolic calcium influx in islet cells, and all measured beta-cel

155 In addition, we observed an increased calcium influx in KCl-depolarised cells expressing mutat

156 asma membrane calcium channel ORAI1 mediates calcium influx in LECs and activates calmodulin to facil

157 a new mechanism for the generation of local calcium influx in neocortical astrocytes.SIGNIFICANCE ST

158 homo-tetramers and their activation mediates calcium influx in oocytes and eggs, which is fundamental

159 SMF stimulation increases the intracellular calcium influx in OPCs as well as the gene expression of

160 6 (TRPC6) channel expression and ATP-induced calcium influx in podocytes of Podo-GC-A KO mice.

161 d biochemical studies show that pH regulates calcium influx in proteoliposomes.

162 upts autoreactive B cell anergy by elevating calcium influx in response to BCR stimulation, leading t

163 nstrate that keratinocytes rely on TRPV4 for calcium influx in response to histaminergic pruritogens.

164 a and superoxide dismutase 2 levels, reduced calcium influx in response to oxidative stress, and enha

165 ials had larger amplitudes producing greater calcium influx in the distal dendrites of fmr1-/y neuron

166 The increased calcium influx in the mutation prolonged action potentia

167 Low oxygen induces calcium influx in these neurons, and Gucy1b2 and Trpc2 a

168 r to FO, trans-anethole selectively elicited calcium influx in TRPA1-expressing mouse sensory neurons

169 CIM0216 evoked robust calcium influx in TRPM3-expressing somatosensory neurons

170 mm KCl to induce membrane depolarization and calcium influx increased expression of primiR-199a2 but

171 ble ratiobetric integrator (CaMPARI) reports calcium influx induced by synaptic and neural activity.

172 ble ratiobetric integrator (CaMPARI) reports calcium influx induced by synaptic and neural activity.

173 al activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin leads to calcium influx-induced adaptation of the channel.

174 tivity in MIN6 cells, and diazoxide-mediated calcium influx inhibition blunted glucose up-regulation

175 cell cilia are required for glucose sensing, calcium influx, insulin secretion, and cross regulation

176 ergic synapses, while leaving NMDAR-mediated calcium influx intact.

177 Moreover, axon injury induces transient calcium influx into axonal mitochondria, dependent on MC

178 s efficacy on axonal damage, blood flow, and calcium influx into axons in a mouse SCI model.

179 se cells, and a role for actin in regulating calcium influx into cells has been suggested.

180 -bistrifluoromethyl pyrazole, which inhibits calcium influx into cells.

181 results in a location-dependent increase in calcium influx into dendrites and spines during backprop

182 Antagonizing calcium influx into the cell and into mitochondria, resp

183 negative feedback loop due to inhibition of calcium influx into the cell by cyclic guanosine monopho

184 Together, these data suggest that, following calcium influx into the cell, pro-IL-1beta interacts wit

185 Glutathione depletion and calcium influx into the cytoplasm are two hallmarks of a

186 with additional possibilities for regulating calcium influx into the cytosol.

187 unding by a metacaspase that is activated by calcium influx into the injured cell.

188 We show that, on recognition of targets, calcium influx into the lymphocyte led to perforin exocy

189 P3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3R1, and NFATC3 expression; calcium influx; intracellular Ca2+ concentration; and ca

190 We hypothesized here that Ang II-mediated calcium influx is aggravated in the podocytes under the

191 nodule development; we wanted to test if the calcium influx is associated with infection.

192 Surprisingly, this rapid calcium influx is blocked by the N-type calcium channel

193 k characterized by high-frequency firing and calcium influx is highly suited to modify synaptic effic

194 that activation of the pathway involving the calcium influx is important for efficient infection.

195 y reports voltage and calcium indicated that calcium influx is induced by voltage depolarizations, si

196 expressing animals, the axonal mitochondrial calcium influx is more sustained, which likely underlies

197 A decrease in the L-type calcium influx is observed in both glutamatergic neurons

198 ctivate multiple calcium channels in the PM, calcium influx is predicated on NSP4 viroporin-mediated

199 f presynaptic action potentials that delimit calcium influx, large pools of rapidly mobilized vesicle

200 d mouse sensory neurons revealed that axonal calcium influx late in the degeneration process regulate

201 appears to have been a loss of diversity in calcium-influx mechanisms at the plasma membrane.

202 ckness membrane disruption that allows local calcium influx, membrane lysosome fusion, and ASMase rel

203 ht controls, p < 0.05), and also accelerated calcium influx (n = 9) and enhanced nitric oxide product

204 ds on STIM2-mediated neuronal store-operated calcium influx (nSOC) and continuous activity of Ca(2+)/

205 In contrast, a second phase of calcium influx occurring minutes before fragmentation sp

206 After ACh-GABA pairing the calcium influx of a subsequent excitatory stimulus is in

207 on channel that mediates nociception through calcium influx of sensory neurons.

208 , that can be blocked by agents that disrupt calcium influx or buffer the elevation of [Ca(2+) ](i) ,

209 anization of input fibres does not depend on calcium influx or dynamics.

210 Whether this calcium signal is generated by calcium influx or requires calcium-induced calcium relea

211 Pharmacological blockade of NMDA-R, calcium influx, or calpain activity abolished SSC and gl

212 re the main components of a widely conserved Calcium influx pathway known as store-operated calcium e

213 ies signals that regulate calcium sparks and calcium influx pathways.

214 r imaging of axonal dieback, blood flow, and calcium influx post-injury.

215 of axons, increased blood flow, and reduced calcium influx post-injury.

216 Here, we found that in activated neutrophils calcium influx rapidly recruited the cohesin-loading fac

217 ow that the reduction is due to an effect on calcium influx rather than calcium release from intracel

218 Early electrical activity and calcium influx regulate crucial aspects of neuronal deve

219 These findings indicate that calcium influx regulates the RRP size along with p, whic

220 ut the underlying mechanisms responsible for calcium influx remain poorly understood.

221 during associative conditioning to integrate calcium influx resulting from acetylcholine stimulation

222 It might block the excessive calcium influx resulting from the aberrant expression of

223 ing, resulting in phosphorylation of PLC-g1, calcium influx, ROS generation, upregulation of FASL, an

224 an-Iav complexes that, by promoting cellular calcium influx, silence the stretch receptor cells.

225 of the stimulation train, which induces more calcium influx, slows down endocytosis; and several stud

226 s the activation of neuronal NMDA receptors, calcium influx, subsequent ATP release, and microglial r

227 ow-mediated PKD2 channel activation leads to calcium influx that activates SK/IK channels and eNOS se

228 as blockers of the L-type voltage-dependent calcium influx that activates the sAHP, rescue retrieval

229 Calcium influx that enables quantal transmission also ac

230 , high-voltage pulses in tumors enables high calcium influxes that trigger cell death.

231 While the trans isomer primarily engages calcium influx, the cis isomer favors cAMP generation.

232 mice NLF significantly limits mitochondrial calcium influx, the event associated with protection of

233 Within seconds of calcium influx, the formin INF2 stimulates filament poly

234 Downstream of this calcium influx there was protease activation and spatial

235 ritic events are associated with significant calcium influx they are likely to be modulated by calciu

236 vents in neurons are usually associated with calcium influx they can be regulated by calcium-dependen

237 ximum intraburst firing rates require axonal calcium influx through Dmca1D channels, likely to enhanc

238 s regulate action potential firing and shape calcium influx through feedback regulation in mature neu

239 Proton-evoked membrane currents and calcium influx through hTRPA1 occurred at physiological

240 is regulated at the transcriptional level by calcium influx through L-VGCCs and inhibits dendritic ar

241 We then provide evidence that calcium influx through synaptic CaV2.1 channels and subs

242 Pore altering mutations that prevent calcium influx through the channel prevented significant

243 Calcium influx through the L-type Ca(2+) channel is crit

244 an important partner in regulating immediate calcium influx through the surface membrane readily acco

245 Calcium influx through the voltage-dependent L-type calc

246 depolarization during action potentials, and calcium influx through them is the key second messenger

247 n-activated protein kinase pathway following calcium influx through transient receptor potential cati

248 Calcium influx through TRPV1 has been shown to activate

249 that the effective RRP size is dependent on calcium influx through VGCCs.

250 This limits calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channel

251 tion that extends the contribution of CaV1.3 calcium influx to a time frame well beyond a brief input

252 isting CaV3.2 channels, and can induce local calcium influx to control NMDA transmission strength in

253 significantly impaired the tight coupling of calcium influx to exocytosis, thereby suppressing neurot

254 e findings identify a new pathway that links calcium influx to FA turnover during cell migration.

255 VEGF(165)b results in S100A8/S100A9-mediated calcium influx to induce an M1-like phenotype that impai

256 synaptotagmin-1 (SYT) is required to couple calcium influx to the membrane fusion machinery.

257 on voltage-gated calcium channels to inhibit calcium influx to the presynaptic active zone and, secon

258 ally excitable cells harness voltage-coupled calcium influx to transmit intracellular signals, typica

259 ats, and increased response to Ang II; total calcium influx triggered by Ang II application was also

260 At the cellular level, calcium influx triggered by beta-alanine is also unchang

261 Strong calcium influx triggers dynamin-mediated closure.

262 Presynaptic calcium influx triggers synaptic vesicle (SV) exocytosis

263 entrations) inhibited LPS (50 ng/ml)-induced calcium influx, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric

264 onds) followed by a persistent extracellular calcium influx (up to 30 min).

265 Under these conditions, e-LXA4 decreased the calcium influx versus that observed in LPS-stimulated BM

266 Mechanistically, IL-33 triggered calcium influx via a non-canonical signaling pathway spe

267 channel (CatSper), and its removal leads to calcium influx via CatSper and ensures sperm activation.

268 ich led to a reduction in activity-dependent calcium influx via Cav channels.

269 genes and proteins, albumin endocytosis, and calcium influx via podocyte-specific transient receptor

270 e activity of neuronal RXR and/or RAR alters calcium influx via the VGCCs.

271 the kinase upstream of ERK, suggesting that calcium influx via TRPV4 in keratinocytes leads to ERK-p

272 ecifically, water influx through AQP4 drives calcium influx via TRPV4 in the glial end foot, which re

273 The emerging model is that calcium influx via voltage-dependent calcium channels at

274 ions (Na, Mg) increased with Ni exposure and calcium influx was depressed.

275 The calcium influx was even further reduced if the N-linked

276 Depletion-evoked calcium influx was initiated at the Muller end-foot and

277 primiR-199a1 in MIN6 cells, indicating that calcium influx was involved.

278 Calcium influx was measured by using Fluo-4 intensity.

279 Calcium influx was observed when as few as 2000 oligomer

280 Unexpectedly, glucose-stimulated calcium influx was only slightly reduced in low glucose-

281 Calcium influx was prevented by the presence in the pipe

282 hanistic experiments in vitro indicated that calcium influx was similar in fibroblasts and cancer cel

283 When calcium influx was terminated at positive membrane poten

284 armacological manipulation of ROS levels and calcium influx, we reveal a mechanism in which physiolog

285 at evoked an inward depolarizing current and calcium influx, whereas other analogs did not exhibit th

286 postsynaptic currents and, more relevant, to calcium influx, which could be involved in the modulatio

287 GSDMD pores mediated calcium influx, which induced phosphatidylserine exposur

288 been unclear, but we found that GABA blocked calcium influx, which is a key activation signal.

289 RAI2-deficient neutrophils display decreased calcium influx, which is correlated with measurable diff

290 Light elicited calcium influx, which was mitigated by SFZ.

291 prevent spontaneous fusion in the absence of calcium influx, while at the same time facilitating rele

292 show that loss of ORAI1 partially decreases calcium influx, while loss of both ORAI1 and ORAI2 compl

293 -AP5) significantly inhibited vagal terminal calcium influx, while the excitatory amino acid reuptake

294 ed by measuring ear thickness and histology, calcium influx with Fura-2, phosphorylation and expressi

295 to the calcium channel so as to synchronize calcium influx with membrane fusion.

296 calcium buffering with EGTA-AM or decreasing calcium influx with omega-agatoxin IVA decreased the amo

297 hat MCTP functions downstream of presynaptic calcium influx with separable activities to stabilize ba

298 onist, ifenprodil, selectively reduced vagal calcium influx with stimulation compared to the time con

299 tity of specific channel proteins regulating calcium influx within the lens is not completely underst

300 cetyl group greatly reduced the induction of calcium influx without affecting calcium spiking.