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1 fungi or bacteria is 3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole (camalexin).
2 her other atoms of Cys are incorporated into camalexin.
3  for the average 203/200 ratio for unlabeled camalexin.
4 labeled camalexin as compared with unlabeled camalexin.
5 abeled camalexin, as compared with unlabeled camalexin.
6 P23, but not FLS2, induced the production of camalexin.
7 al accumulation level was similar to that of camalexin.
8 TOALEXIN DEFICIENT3 (PAD3) and production of camalexin.
9  less progeny on artificial diets containing camalexin.
10 e accumulation of the antimicrobial compound camalexin.
11 osinolate levels and decreases the levels of camalexin.
12 d accumulation of the antimicrobial compound camalexin.
13 f PAD4, PR-1 and PDF1.2, and accumulation of camalexin.
14                                              Camalexin (3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole) is the principal phyt
15 drogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), salicylic acid and camalexin (a phytoalexin) levels were distinctly increas
16 sing lines exhibit an enhanced production of camalexin, a phytoalexin that confers enhanced resistanc
17  and cyp71A13, known mutants in synthesis of camalexin, a sulfur-containing indolic defense compound.
18 In the absence of pathogens, the phytoalexin camalexin accumulated in vte2 seedlings to levels 100-fo
19 lation was observed between the magnitude of camalexin accumulation and the induction of tryptophan b
20                                              Camalexin accumulation in ups1 is greatly reduced after
21                 It was previously shown that camalexin accumulation is caused by infection with plant
22     In contrast to cyp71a13 plants, in which camalexin accumulation is partially reduced, double muta
23                                              Camalexin accumulation was detectable in Arabidopsis cel
24 creases in the total salicylic acid pool and camalexin accumulation were reduced in starch-free mutan
25 r inoculation, and then decreased along with camalexin accumulation.
26 not induce the tryptophan pathway enzymes or camalexin accumulation.
27  tryptophan pathway is not rate limiting for camalexin accumulation.
28 mulation, and that ARF9 positively regulates camalexin accumulation.
29 on, although it was partially dependent upon camalexin accumulation.
30 duced stature, and accumulate high levels of camalexin (an anti-fungal compound) and salicylic acid (
31 HOGENESIS RELATED GENE1 (PR1) transcript and camalexin (an antimicrobial metabolite) accumulation as
32                              The phytoalexin camalexin, an indole derivative, is produced by Arabidop
33                                              Camalexin, an indolic secondary metabolite, appears to b
34  TCV-induced accumulation of salicylic acid, camalexin and autofluorescent cell-wall material, correl
35 thetic pathways of antimicrobial metabolites camalexin and coumarin are increased after the E. aeroge
36 ecognition leading to PTI responses involves camalexin and glucosinolate biosynthesis.
37 hese plant secondary metabolites showed that camalexin and glucosinolates are indeed required for the
38  "omics" data pointed to a prominent role of camalexin and glucosinolates in the Pf.SS101-induced res
39 utant, including PAD3 and IGMT2, involved in camalexin and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis, respect
40 d via indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), including camalexin and indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICOOH) derivativ
41 es the synthesis pathway for the phytoalexin camalexin and influences basal resistance to the hemibio
42 that it requires the Arabidopsis phytoalexin camalexin and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling, re
43 eased levels of several compounds, including camalexin and oxylipins, in two independent pae9 mutants
44 synthesis and salicylic acid (SA) signaling, camalexin and SA signaling are not important for restric
45  the biosynthesis of antimicrobial peptides, camalexin, and 4-OH-ICN, as well as pathogenesis-related
46 tes showed differing sensitivity to purified camalexin, and camalexin-sensitive isolates produced lar
47 ved in aromatic amino acid, phenylpropanoid, camalexin, and sphingolipid metabolism.
48 01/200 ratios were higher for D3-Cys-labeled camalexin as compared with unlabeled camalexin.
49 r amount of radioactivity from [35S]Cys into camalexin, as compared with noninoculated leaves.
50  were also higher for [U-13C,15N]Cys-labeled camalexin, as compared with unlabeled camalexin.
51           The in vitro reconstitution of the camalexin biosynthesis (left) from Trp and Cys was achie
52 me P450 71A13 (CYP71A13) is a key enzyme for camalexin biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of i
53 shows that GSTU4 is not directly involved in camalexin biosynthesis but rather plays a role in a comp
54 monstrate that MKK1 serves as a regulator of camalexin biosynthesis gene expression in response to E.
55 hromatin modification mapping, we found that camalexin biosynthesis genes are marked with two epigene
56 gh several transcription factors controlling camalexin biosynthesis genes have been characterized, ho
57 , demonstrating that CYP71A12 contributes to camalexin biosynthesis in leaf tissue.
58                                              Camalexin biosynthesis involves glutathionylation of the
59 thylene-JA-mediated cross-communication, and camalexin biosynthesis were identified as direct targets
60 rces and channeling of IAOx-derived IAN into camalexin biosynthesis.
61 PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT3, which is crucial for camalexin biosynthesis.
62 hat WRKY33 is required for MPK3/MPK6-induced camalexin biosynthesis.
63 ost certainly encodes an enzyme required for camalexin biosynthesis.
64 restricting GPA growth; growth of GPA on the camalexin-biosynthesis mutant, pad3, and the SA deficien
65 omised, which is associated with the loss of camalexin biosynthetic gene activation.
66 MPK3/MPK6 in reprogramming the expression of camalexin biosynthetic genes, which drives the metabolic
67 und to be transcriptionally coexpressed with camalexin biosynthetic genes.
68 nd CYP71A13 as baits and determined that the camalexin biosynthetic P450 enzymes copurified with thes
69 biosynthetic pathway was BAK1-dependent, the camalexin biosynthetic pathway was only partially depend
70        Spermine promoted the accumulation of camalexin by inducing the expression of mitogen-activate
71 t defense compounds in Arabidopsis thaliana, camalexin can be rapidly induced by bacterial and fungal
72                     Importantly, addition of camalexin complemented both the sulfatase activity and t
73                                Surprisingly, camalexin concentrations were elevated in knockout and r
74 efenses by producing more glucosinolates and camalexin defense compounds, partially explaining the di
75 f pad4 plants with SA partially reversed the camalexin deficiency and PR-1 gene expression phenotypes
76 ensitive isolates produced larger lesions on camalexin-deficient Arabidopsis genotypes than on the wi
77 ced lesions of similar size on wild-type and camalexin-deficient Arabidopsis.
78 tation restored a wild-type-like response in camalexin-deficient pad3 plants, which were hypersuscept
79 d, double mutants synthesized only traces of camalexin, demonstrating that CYP71A12 contributes to ca
80 n addition to the characteristic phytoalexin camalexin, derivatives of indole-3-carbaldehyde (ICHO) a
81 these results strongly support the idea that camalexin does not play a major role in plant resistance
82    Levels of radioactivity incorporated into camalexin during a 1.5-h pulse labeling with [14C]anthra
83 easurement of radioactive incorporation into camalexin during a 1.5-h pulse labeling with [14C]indole
84  compared with wild-type plants, and Spm and camalexin efficiently inhibited growth of V. dahliae in
85  of radioactivity that was incorporated into camalexin from [35S]methionine.
86  predicted formation of the thiazole ring of camalexin from Cys.
87 ity from [35S]Cys that was incorporated into camalexin from inoculated Arabidopsis leaves was 10-fold
88                       Our data indicate that camalexin functions beyond antimicrobial defence to also
89 ever, pae9 mutants increased their levels of camalexin, glucosinolates, and JA, and no long-term effe
90                     However, accumulation of camalexin in acd6-1 is largely unaffected by reducing th
91 iously shown to be required for synthesis of camalexin in response to infection by the virulent bacte
92 ied a set of QTL controlling accumulation of camalexin in response to pathogen infection that largely
93 ity from [14C]anthranilate incorporated into camalexin in the noninoculated controls.
94 Indeed, the cyp71A27 mutant accumulated less camalexin in the roots upon elicitation with silver nitr
95 ine the role of the Arabidopsis phytoalexin, camalexin, in protecting the plant from pathogen attack
96 The levels of radioactive incorporation into camalexin increased rapidly between 7 and 18 h after ino
97  (Trp)-derived secondary metabolites include camalexin, indole glucosinolates, and indole-3-acetic ac
98 33 compromises its ability to complement the camalexin induction in the wrky33 mutant.
99 salicylic acid in herbicide-mediated Trp and camalexin induction was investigated.
100                             In contrast, the camalexin-insensitive isolate produced lesions of simila
101                Production of the phytoalexin camalexin is another well-characterized plant defense re
102     The BOS2, BOS3, and BOS4 loci may affect camalexin levels and responsiveness to ethylene and jasm
103  and is likely synthesized via PAL, and that camalexin limits lesion development.
104 says allowed the assessment of the effect of camalexin on aphid performance.
105 responses and do not benefit from absence of camalexin or JA.
106 did not elicit production of the phytoalexin camalexin or the accumulation of defensin (PDF1.2) or th
107 trbohD), or accumulation of the phytoalexins camalexin (pad3-1) and scopoletin (f6'h1-1) did not affe
108 ndole metabolism distinct from the canonical camalexin pathway, and support a role for this pathway i
109 um occurs independently or downstream of the camalexin pathway.
110  more effectively synthesize the phytoalexin camalexin, Pip, and salicylic acid and primes plants for
111 -of-function MPK3/MPK6- and pathogen-induced camalexin production are compromised, which is associate
112 ic genes, which drives the metabolic flow to camalexin production in Arabidopsis challenged by pathog
113 rotroph Botrytis cinerea, and have decreased camalexin production upon infection with B. cinerea.
114  3 (pad3) mutation, which causes a defect in camalexin production, has no effect on resistance to P.
115 ad3 and cyp79b2/cyp79b3 mutants defective in camalexin production.
116 ering sensitivity to purified camalexin, and camalexin-sensitive isolates produced larger lesions on
117  V. dahliae through the mediation of Spm and camalexin signalling.
118 se GSTU4, which is coexpressed with Trp- and camalexin-specific enzymes, is physically recruited to t
119                Here, mutants with defects in camalexin synthesis (pad1, pad2, pad3, and pad5) or in J
120 xpression of PAD3 is tightly correlated with camalexin synthesis and is regulated by PAD4 and PAD1.
121 ibit defects in defense responses, including camalexin synthesis and pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene e
122 sion of multiple defense responses including camalexin synthesis and PR-1 gene expression in response
123             Although PAD4 is associated with camalexin synthesis and salicylic acid (SA) signaling, c
124  which correlated with the ability to induce camalexin synthesis and to gain fresh weight in response
125           The pad4-1 mutation caused reduced camalexin synthesis in response to PsmES4326 infection,
126  These data suggest that indole destined for camalexin synthesis is produced by a separate enzymatic
127 , CYP71A27 is an additional component in the camalexin synthesis pathway, contributing specifically t
128 3 accumulates significantly higher levels of camalexin than wild-type plants in response to B. cinere
129 es, play essential roles in the induction of camalexin, the major phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana
130 sities of 203/200 for [U-13C,15N]Cys-labeled camalexin was 4.22, as compared with 0.607 for the avera
131 lso fed to inoculated leaves of Arabidopsis; camalexin was analyzed by mass spectroscopic analysis.
132                                              Camalexin was not detected in any of the double mutants
133  The missing key step in the biosynthesis of camalexin was uncovered by in vitro biochemical characte
134  and accumulation of the indolic phytoalexin camalexin were also induced by amino acid starvation.
135 n by V. dahliae, and the levels of H2 O2 and camalexin were distinctly lower in GhPAO-silenced cotton
136                                Aphids ingest camalexin when feeding on Arabidopsis and are more succe
137 nd bos4 mutants accumulate reduced levels of camalexin whereas bos3 accumulates significantly higher
138 ochrome P450 involved in the biosynthesis of camalexin, which is a major Arabidopsis phytoalexin that
139 [14C]Cys and [35S]Cys were incorporated into camalexin with approximately the same efficiency.
140 ently synthesizes the antifungal phytoalexin camalexin without the apparent release of bioactive inte

 
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