ライフサイエンスコーパス: cannula

1 ith a renal artery flow probe and renal vein cannula.

2 rgeted VTs were related to the Heart Mate II cannula.

3 nt of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula.

4 ride or saline (controls) via a jugular vein cannula.

5 charide or sterile saline via a jugular vein cannula.

6 as the placement and position of the inflow cannula.

7 ravenous immunoglobulin, and oxygen by nasal cannula.

8 compressed O(2), or (4) using O(2) via nasal cannula.

9 lanted with an intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula.

10 then implanted with a third ventricular (3V) cannula.

11 a bolus through a port just above the aortic cannula.

12 0% with 1 L of O(2) administered via a nasal cannula.

13 catheter was introduced through the jugular cannula.

14 egulating the outflow pressure from the same cannula.

15 ommended for insertion into a femoral artery cannula.

16 of NMDA in rats prepared with a chronic i.t. cannula.

17 d in urethane-anesthetized rats with gastric cannula.

18 theters and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula.

19 CPR with infusions through the intraosseous cannula.

20 delivery artifacts in a new glucose sensing cannula.

21 ically inserted into a permanently implanted cannula.

22 tive pressure ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula.

23 real-time, dynamic guidance for all central cannulas.

24 antly less pronounced in rats with misplaced cannulas.

25 erial blood samples were taken from existing cannulas.

26 ith percutaneous 10F arterial and 14F venous cannulas.

27 nasal cannula (2 L/min), or high-flow nasal cannula (2 L/kg per min up to the maximum of 12 L/min).

28 level of 5 cm H2O), standard low-flow nasal cannula (2 L/min), or high-flow nasal cannula (2 L/kg pe

29 pre-pump via thrombus obstructing the inflow cannula (26 events; 0.037 events per patient-year); 2) i

30 nical ventilation (59%), and high flow nasal cannula (46%).

31 Of those managed with high-flow nasal cannula, 78 (71.6%) ultimately received mechanical venti

32 fference, 10.3 s higher with high-flow nasal cannula; 95% CI, 11.0 s lower to 31.7 s higher), PaO2 me

33 at this site; and injection of air through a cannula advanced 1-2 mm centripetally from the bottom of

34 nistered via the distal port of the arterial cannula after endo-balloon inflation.

35 e the safety and efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula after extubation in critically ill adults.

36 After implantation of a cannula aimed at either the prelimbic-infralimbic or dor

37 e inserted into a previously implanted guide cannula aimed at the amygdala and the level of NE was ex

38 ure to the two diets, rats were injected via cannula aimed at the DMH with 100 pmol Agrp at 10:00 h a

39 s equipped with a surgically implanted guide cannula aimed at the SCN region were housed in constant

40 erectomized rats were implanted with a guide cannula aimed at the third ventricle and treated in vivo

41 D 70) were surgically implanted with a guide cannula aimed at the VTA.

42 rmining sleep via telemetry and with a guide cannula aimed into a lateral ventricle.

43 cording sleep via telemetry and with a guide cannula aimed into the lateral ventricle.

44 Hungry rats with bilateral indwelling cannulas aimed at the medial prefrontal cortex were trai

45 ree-feeding rats with dual sets of bilateral cannulas aimed at the nucleus accumbens and one of sever

46 ts were implanted stereotaxically with guide cannulas aimed at the posterior or anterior VTA.

47 ceived microinjections of NMDA through guide cannulas aimed at the SCN region at various times throug

48 09 (47.2%) were treated with high-flow nasal cannula and 97 (42.0%) were intubated without preceding

49 implanted with a lateral cerebroventricular cannula and a jugular vein catheter.

50 teral opacities treated with high-flow nasal cannula and acute respiratory distress syndrome patients

51 able data suggest a role for high-flow nasal cannula and continuous positive airway pressure use in a

52 ng, rats were implanted with intra-CeA guide cannula and exposed to long-term intermittent alcohol va

53 ery modalities of humidified high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation do

54 es of oxygen therapy such as high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation is

55 he rate of inflow of blood through an apical cannula and peak pressure by regulating the outflow pres

56 oration occurred during the insertion of the cannula and required conversion to penetrating keratopla

57 e lung block was collected via a left atrial cannula and returned to the support rat via the femoral

58 tients who were treated with high-flow nasal cannula and those who were intubated at acute respirator

59 ne GDD tubing was fitted over a 27 G Rycroft cannula and tied with a 7-0 suture 10 mm from the cannul

60 d a simple modification using adult 25-gauge cannulas and 270-silicone watzke sleeves, enabling these

61 system, which consists of inflow and outflow cannulas and a magnetically levitated and driven centrif

62 probes are orders of magnitude smaller than cannulas and allow wireless, programmed spatiotemporal c

63 chlear electrodes containing a drug-delivery cannula, and BDNF or artificial perilymph was infused fo

64 and leaving the ventricle through an apical cannula, and coronary pressure by changing pressure in a

65 mask, heated and humidified high-flow nasal cannula, and noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation.

66 respectively), intubated using intratracheal cannula, and ventilated (9 mL/kg, 150 min).

67 ng anaesthetized rats with pancreatic ductal cannulas, and in isolated pancreatic acinar cells and pa

68 unanesthetized rats via previously implanted cannulas, and sensory thresholds of the face and hind-pa

69 n (flushing); manual graft centration with a cannula; and bubble bumping to unfold peripheral inward

70 patients without the use of the trocars and cannulas as in adult vitrectomies.

71 Then, after retracting the cannula, AS OCT was performed.

72 nation period, lower the risk for developing cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis (hazard ratio, 0

73 Cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis after venovenous

74 ry embolism, and one patient (7.7%) had both cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary em

75 e aims of this study were to: 1) analyze the cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis frequency after

76 Femorofemoral cannulation induced femoral cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis more frequently

77 Cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis was found in 75

78 A jugular associated cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis was identified i

79 seven patients (53.8%), a femoral associated cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis was identified i

80 These three patients had femoral cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis, and two had an

81 boembolism: 10 patients (76.9%) had isolated cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis, two patients (1

82 Eleven patients (84.6%) had cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis.

83 thrombocytopenia, and all of them developed cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis.

84 atients (46.2%) had both femoral and jugular cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis.

85 2) identify the associated risk factors for cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis.

86 The most common complication was cannula-associated deep venous thrombosis (six patients,

87 PPA was infused through the aortic cannula at 0.05, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.25 mmol/L befor

88 room air via a concentrator through a nasal cannula at 2 L per min for 7 days.

89 ventional oxygen therapy and high-flow nasal cannula at 20, 40, and 60 L/min.

90 43 (25.3%) were treated with high-flow nasal cannula at acute respiratory distress syndrome onset.

91 y into the third ventricle via an indwelling cannula before administration of peripheral LiCl.

92 Once the trocar is removed, the blunt-ended cannula can be advanced or can be subject to inadvertent

93 The use of distal perfusion cannulas caused significant reduction in limb ischemia a

94 ients failed more high flow oxygen via nasal cannula challenges (n = 16, 100% vs n = 5, 45% in contro

95 e implanted with either LC or olfactory bulb cannulas, classically conditioned with intracranial drug

96 ular (i.c.v.) infusion through pre-implanted cannula connected to osmotic mini-pumps for 3 days.

97 neural interface technologies, such as metal cannulas connected to external drug supplies for pharmac

98 One cannula consisted of a water-perfused thermode to change

99 ave limited efficacy, amelioration of inflow cannula contact with the endocardium and suction events

100 B), delivered with an intraocular, handheld, cannula containing a strontium 90/yttrium 90 source posi

101 EMB delivered using an intraocular, handheld cannula containing a strontium 90/yttrium 90 source posi

102 ded children with any use of high-flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure, or bilevel

103 rtic filtration device) vs a standard aortic cannula (control; n = 132) at the time of SAVR.

104 acorporeal membrane oxygenation is 8.1/1,000 cannula days in patients who were screened.

105 conventional oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula decreased reintubation (relative risk, 0.46; 95%

106 ference between the artifacts in the sensing cannula delivering insulin compared with the sensing can

107 delivering insulin compared with the sensing cannula delivering PBS as determined by integrating the

108 als, we also describe ways in which infusion cannula design and stereotactic trajectory may be used t

109 rtrial modifications in surgical approaches, cannula design, vector volumes and dosing.

110 tion devices compared with a standard aortic cannula did not significantly reduce the risk of CNS inf

111 The role of high-flow nasal cannula during and before intubation is unclear despite

112 15 L/min of 100% oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula during laryngoscopy (apneic oxygenation) or no s

113 ed by trauma from air flow from the infusion cannula during the air-gas exchange, angled directly tow

114 r elicitation of defensive rage behavior and cannula-electrodes were implanted in the PAG for microin

115 Cannula-electrodes were implanted into sites within the

116 The small size of the cannula enables minimally invasive imaging, while the lo

117 dalities tested included nonhumidified nasal cannula, face mask, heated and humidified high-flow nasa

118 or activity were investigated in bottle- and cannula-fed rats.

119 he tolerance phase, switching from bottle to cannula feeding produced further increases in intake, wh

120 e receiving any supplemental oxygen or nasal cannula flow, was 46% (95% CI, 40%-53%).

121 erapy delivered continuously through a nasal cannula (flow, 50 L/min; fraction of inspired oxygen [Fi

122 venous access with 4 L/min of O(2 )by nasal cannula, followed by RT within 30 minutes.

123 received 4 L/min of inspired oxygen by nasal cannula for 3 months.

124 positive airway pressure or high-flow nasal cannula for at least 2 hours, supplemental oxygen with a

125 en compared with room air delivered by nasal cannula for relief of breathlessness in this population

126 Aqueous food dye was infused through the cannula from an adjustable height.

127 ejunum; the ejected fluid was diverted via a cannula from reaching the intermediate and anal chambers

128 annula <=2 L/min (n = 1,038); grade 2, nasal cannula >2 L/min or noninvasive positive airway pressure

129 The cannula guides excitation light into the brain and the f

130 e implanted in the lateral hypothalamus, and cannula guides were implanted above the lateral ventricl

131 ith noninvasive ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula had no effect on reintubation (relative risk, 1.

132 High-flow nasal cannula had no effect on the occurrence rate of peri-int

133 ewer akinetic sub-Tenon's block with a blunt cannula has emerged as a safer alternative to needle blo

134 Rationale: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and helmet noninvasive ventilation (NIV)

135 RATIONALE: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) improves the clinical outcomes of nonintu

136 effectiveness of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in lung transplant (LTx) recipients readm

137 , tight glucose control, and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen are therapies that require further

138 One important concern during high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with acute hypoxemic

139 portance: Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) has gained increasing popularity as res

140 ) were administered through the cardioplegia cannula immediately after arrest and were allowed to dwe

141 All rats received a bilateral cannula implant aimed at the prelimbic-infralimbic areas

142 agotomy (or sham surgery) on day 0 and had a cannula implanted into the lateral cerebral ventricle on

143 ng a syringe pump connected to an indwelling cannula implanted into the right caudate nucleus of norm

144 Male Sprague-Dawley rats had cannulas implanted bilaterally into the LPBN.

145 ransections followed by chronic intracranial cannula implants through which a vehicle solution was in

146 Rats with bilateral BLA cannula implants underwent fear conditioning consisting

147 the abdominal ganglion during training via a cannula in the abdominal artery.

148 t bolus through a port just above the aortic cannula in the absence of tracer recirculation.

149 Inserting a cannula in the ascending aorta identifies inadequate occ

150 months old) were implanted with a push-pull cannula in the medial preoptic area (MPA) and ovariectom

151 le Sprague-Dawley rats with both a push-pull cannula in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and a cathe

152 is examining the benefits of high-flow nasal cannula in the peri-intubation period.

153 reperfused for 90 min with fresh blood via a cannula in the pulmonary artery.

154 lt male rats were implanted with a push-pull cannula in the PVN and a jugular catheter to facilitate

155 wing to improper positioning of the infusion cannula in the suprachoroidal space and may lead to sudd

156 le Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with a cannula in the third ventricle of the brain through whic

157 saline infusions via one of the intraosseous cannulas in groups 2 through 5.

158 dverse events compared with short peripheral cannulas in neonates?

159 re measured in rats implanted with bilateral cannulas in the basolateral nuclear complex of the amygd

160 es in the core of the NAc and microinjection cannulas in the dorsal mPFC (dmPFC).

161 task and then implanted with microinjection cannulas in the NAc.

162 ing electrodes in the NAc and microinjection cannulas in the VTA.

163 period cats were bilaterally implanted with cannulas in V1 and standard EEG/EMG electrodes for polys

164 tis, one extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula infection, and one pulmonary-catheter infection.

165 ted pneumonia (VAP), bloodstream infections, cannula infections, and mediastinitis infections occurre

166 well as bilateral steel microinjection guide cannulas inserted down to the level of the VMH.

167 ODS-Rats were cannulated and bilateral guide cannulas inserted to the level of the VMH.

168 (ET-3) were injected via a double-injection cannula into brain parenchyma adjacent to the MCA of ane

169 s were surgically implanted with a CMA guide cannula into the caudate putamen or nucleus accumbens.

170 ult rats underwent surgery to implant a drug cannula into the dRN.

171 ough a chronically implanted double-barreled cannula into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus 15

172 with an electrode into the hippocampus and a cannula into the lateral ventricle.

173 osensory cortex and dorsal hippocampus and a cannula into the right lateral ventricle were used to in

174 Rats were implanted with cannulas into the amygdala and the ipsilateral PVN.

175 rug-naive dams were implanted with bilateral cannulas into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA)

176 ted startle effect, rats were implanted with cannulas into the deep SC/Me and trained for fear-potent

177 Rats were implanted with bilateral cannulas into the deep SC/Me or superficial layers of th

178 ts were implanted with two sets of bilateral cannulas into the hippocampus and PR, and were tested in

179 High-flow nasal cannula is increasingly used in the management of respir

180 uential blood samples were obtained from the cannula just before, and after, the intravenous injectio

181 s) into the rat pancreas through a bile duct cannula leads to the formation of lipid-derived free rad

182 nty evidence that the use of high-flow nasal cannula likely has no effect on severe desaturation, ser

183 of a dopaminergic agent via a microinfusion cannula localized the therapeutic effect to the STN, wit

184 plasia, no support (n = 773); grade 1, nasal cannula <=2 L/min (n = 1,038); grade 2, nasal cannula >2

185 FAE in PPV, pressurized air from an infusion cannula malpositioned in the suprachoroidal space can tr

186 ng (Dapena maneuver), (4) the single sliding cannula maneuver.

187 High-flow nasal cannula may decrease use of noninvasive ventilation (rel

188 herapy with high-flow oxygen through a nasal cannula may offer an alternative in patients with hypoxe

189 High-flow nasal cannula may reduce ICU length of stay (moderate certaint

190 displacement because of the opposite needle-cannula motions and notches which stabilized and reduced

191 the needle tip and (2) reciprocating needle-cannula motions for incremental insertion.

192 e need for prolonged oxygen therapy by nasal cannula (n = 235; 19.6%) and atelectasis (n = 206; 17.1%

193 f 2 mm using a simple surgical glass needle (cannula) of diameter 0.22 mm as the primary optical elem

194 ime to intubation and use of high-flow nasal cannula on clinical outcomes in patients with coronaviru

195 ned to assess the effects of high-flow nasal cannula on indexes of respiratory effort (i.e., esophage

196 Brief experience with milk from an oral cannula or from a surrogate nipple elicited sustained at

197 Either high-flow nasal cannula or mechanical ventilation was initiated, at the

198 the use of either humidified high-flow nasal cannula or noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation.

199 ventilation (n = 285; 44%), high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (n = 55; 8%), and noninvasive ventilation

200 nd noninvasive ventilation + high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (n = 64; 10%).

201 sk versus 100% (95-100) with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (p < 0.0001).

202 for reintubation, the use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen compared with conventional oxygen therapy

203 bag reservoir facemask or a high-flow nasal cannula oxygen during tracheal intubation of ICU patient

204 hypoxemic patients for whom high-flow nasal cannula oxygen may be an alternative.

205 were randomly assigned 1:1 to low-flow nasal cannula oxygen or nasal bCPAP.

206 High-flow nasal cannula oxygen significantly improved preoxygenation and

207 oxygenation were higher with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen than with nonrebreathing bag reservoir fa

208 ion suggest that conditioned high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy after extubation improves oxygena

209 High-flow nasal cannula oxygen use was neither associated with intubatio

210 nalysis, preoxygenation with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen was an independent protective factor of t

211 erapy with face mask oxygen, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, or nasopharyngeal continuous PEEP in the

212 ractice (after) period, with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen.

213 Compared with short peripheral cannulas, parenteral nutrition via PICCs is associated w

214 e results suggest that these high-flow nasal cannula patients should be considered as acute respirato

215 ropensity score matching (39 high-flow nasal cannula patients vs 39 mechanical ventilation patients),

216 ale Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with one cannula placed in the CeA and two cannulae placed in the

217 blood pressure (MPABP) was monitored with a cannula placed in the left common carotid artery.

218 Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated with one cannula placed in the PVN and two cannulae placed in the

219 y and lower rates of subsequent catheters or cannulas placed and is not associated with increased rat

220 Rats with cannulas placed in the basolateral region of the amygdal

221 and stained for histological verification of cannula placement in the VTA.

222 All central cannula placement should be conducted with ultrasound as

223 Electrode and cannula placement were verified microscopically and neur

224 compare the overall success rate of central cannula placement with use of dynamic ultrasound (D), st

225 ogically-confirmed bilateral preoptic region cannula placements (N=7), effects of T3 (especially a 3

226 rtic valve dilation requires ideal fetal and cannula positioning, prevents left heart growth arrest,

227 The APV effect did not depend on the exact cannula positions within BLA.

228 The push-pull cannula (PPC) technique was applied to examine the kinet

229 ral infiltrates treated with high-flow nasal cannula presented a similar pattern of biomarkers of inf

230 Since oxygen delivered by a nasal cannula provides no additional symptomatic benefit for r

231 Ideal fetal positioning for cannula puncture site and course of the needle (with or

232 High-flow nasal cannula reduces reintubation compared with conventional

233 There were no cases of cannula-related bloodstream infection.

234 f this study was to analyze the incidence of cannula-related thrombosis and its risk factors after ve

235 lex sonography or CT was conducted to detect cannula-related thrombosis.

236 The incidence of cannula-related venous thrombosis after venovenous extra

237 It is possible that cannula repositioning based on the AS OCT depth may impr

238 nsic myocardial scar, rather than the apical cannula, seems to be the dominant substrate.

239 ike significant bleeding, limb ischemia, and cannula site bleeding were 15.4% (95% CI, 8.6-23.7%), 12

240 Of 61 hypothalamic cannula sites tested, none were positive for blood gluco

241 studied at 142 hindbrain and 61 hypothalamic cannula sites.

242 D-dimer <= 50% the day after decannulation), cannula size, time on venovenous extracorporeal membrane

243 One hundred ninety cannulations with cannula sizes from size 12 to 31F were performed by four

244 esia including modern sharp needle and blunt cannula sub-Tenon's blocks.

245 surgeries for implantation of catheters and cannulas targeted at the RMTg.

246 l lesions of the BLA and were implanted with cannula targeting the pDMS in either the ipsilateral (co

247 Rats were fitted with permanent bilateral cannulas targeting the NBM for drug administration.

248 flow/time tracing, using a noninvasive nasal cannula technique), desaturation, and arousal.

249 ye of Brown-Norway rats was implanted with a cannula tethered to a pressure sensor and aqueous reserv

250 subcutaneous glucose sensor and an infusion cannula that delivers insulin in response to measured gl

251 ossible to continuously measure glucose in a cannula that simultaneously delivers insulin.

252 xygenator attached to 12 F and 14 F vascular cannulas that were inserted into the femoral artery and

253 High-flow nasal cannula therapy and continuous positive airway pressure

254 as performed on 27 by introducing a silicone cannula through a scleral tunnel under a conjunctival fl

255 nging pressure in a reservoir connected to a cannula tied in the aortic root.

256 ctive evaluation of the depth reached by the cannula tip used for pneumatic dissection.

257 The average depth reached by the cannula tip was 104.3+/-34.1 mum from the internal corne

258 The tube was perforated 4 mm from the cannula tip with a 25 G needle (tube was kept straight).

259 la and tied with a 7-0 suture 10 mm from the cannula tip.

260 increases in intake, whereas switching from cannula to bottle feeding produced decreased intakes.

261 describe a simple technique using a 27 gauge cannula to detach the Descemet membrane (DM).

262 g, we used pancreaticobiliary and intestinal cannula to divert bile-pancreatic juice from anesthetize

263 Adult male rats implanted with cannulas to either the lateral cerebral ventricle or the

264 and an extra amount was injected by the same cannula under the conjunctiva in the area of the trabecu

265 o mechanical ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula use may be associated with mortality in coronavi

266 High-flow nasal cannula use prior to intubation was not associated with

267 admission to intubation nor high-flow nasal cannula use were associated with increased mortality.

268 intubated without preceding high-flow nasal cannula use.

269 support, cannulation configuration, types of cannulas, use of imaging modalities, and complications w

270 re than 4 L/min flow; use of high-flow nasal cannula; use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation; or

271 During surgery, the cannula used for pneumatic dissection was inserted into

272 ysis showed that the use of distal perfusion cannula was associated with lower odds of limb ischemia

273 The venous cannula was connected to the pulmonary artery of the ex

274 the Descemet membrane grafts using a single cannula was described.

275 Another chronic injection cannula was implanted into the region of the OVLT, SFO,

276 aterally into the PVN and a chronic amygdala cannula was implanted ipsilaterally.

277 An indwelling cannula was inserted into the antecubital vein.

278 An intraosseous cannula was inserted into the tibia, and animals were ra

279 dle traversing an outer extrapleural coaxial cannula was performed in all patients.

280 The cannula was perfused with isotonic solution and hourly s

281 The cannula was placed back in position and creation of the

282 Using stereotaxic surgery, a cannula was placed in the lateral ventricle for convulsa

283 RESEARCH DESIGN AND A cannula was placed in the lateral ventricle of Sprague-D

284 n-hospital mortality, while distal perfusion cannula was protective.

285 daptation to the dietary conditions, a guide cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the PAG.

286 Blood from a carotid artery cannula was taken every half-hour for arterial blood gas

287 values between groups when the intraosseous cannula was used for infusions as well as sampling.

288 in the awake state via a pre-implanted guide cannula, we compared responses within rats using initial

289 After cannulas were implanted, male DBA/2J mice underwent an u

290 Bilateral closed-ended cannulas were inserted into the POAH.

291 s (VMH) exposure to insulin, bilateral guide cannulas were inserted to the level of the VMH and 8 day

292 To investigate this connection cannulas were placed in the pulmonary arteries and left

293 In a separate cohort of mice, cannulas were placed in the right lateral cerebral ventr

294 Infusion cannulas were placed into the suprachoroidal space and f

295 ft axillary artery and external jugular vein cannulas were sited.

296 atient outcomes, and use of distal perfusion cannula, were extracted from selected articles into an e

297 High-flow nasal cannula, when set at 60 L/min, significantly reduces the

298 BBB transport after insertion of a 27 gauge cannula, which was used to infuse 1 microliter of saline

299 an oral/nasal carbon dioxide (CO2) sampling cannula while in the emergency department.

300 Integrating the sensor with the infusion cannula would provide substantial benefit by reducing th