ライフサイエンスコーパス: carbon sink

1 by terrestrial ecosystems (typically termed carbon sink).

2 was estimated at 1730 +/- 370 TgC yr(-1) (a carbon sink).

3 he atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink).

4 d increased the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink.

5 stems and widespread degradation of the land carbon sink.

6 tic extreme that negatively affects the land carbon sink.

7 in the year-to-year fluctuations of the land carbon sink.

8 ss primary production (GPP) to this weakened carbon sink.

9 monstrating a repetitive nature of this land carbon sink.

10 e potential consequences for the terrestrial carbon sink.

11 .4% of the total extent and a 0.22 Tg yr(-1) carbon sink.

12 thropogenic carbon emissions, termed as land carbon sink.

13 e patterns control variability in the global carbon sink.

14 arly the most by the reduction in the forest carbon sink.

15 ing the glacial seasonal sea-ice zone into a carbon sink.

16 nd support the finding of a 2011 record land carbon sink.

17 just maintaining grasslands will yield a net carbon sink.

18 rowth, supporting the inference of an Amazon carbon sink.

19 ing of the processes controlling the oceanic carbon sink.

20 s in the Amazon indicate a large terrestrial carbon sink.

21 to be conserved, they would be a substantial carbon sink.

22 rbon source, while Antarctica could become a carbon sink.

23 sent a previously undocumented but important carbon sink.

24 ts on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink.

25 0 to 140% of the net annual U.S. forest tree carbon sink.

26 , if uncertain, component of the terrestrial carbon sink.

27 pear to constrain the potential size of this carbon sink.

28 mid-latitude forests are a large terrestrial carbon sink.

29 port may play important roles in terrestrial carbon sink.

30 interactions and their influence on the land carbon sink.

31 warrant protection to preserve this valuable carbon sink.

32 [CO(2) ] (iCO(2) ) on the global terrestrial carbon sink.

33 ,7), with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.

34 nsive biodiversity and are currently a major carbon sink.

35 ld lead to biased predictions of future land carbon sink.

36 the rate of RSLR, representing an important carbon sink.

37 rce of interannual variability in the global carbon sink.

38 tential to weaken or reverse the terrestrial carbon sink.

39 fixation acts to enhance the tropical forest carbon sink.

40 ulate primary productivity and influence the carbon sink.

41 importance of Northern Hemispheric land as a carbon sink.

42 only forest-dominated sites were consistent carbon sinks.

43 ccurately estimate carbon turnover times and carbon sinks.

44 restore coastal wetlands for enhancing blue carbon sinks.

45 hese environments represent globally largest carbon sinks.

46 missions and on the removal of CO(2) by land carbon sinks.

47 offsetting temperature-driven suppression of carbon sinks.

48 while allowing carbon dioxide and acetate as carbon sinks.

49 rent land-based assessments may overestimate carbon sinks.

50 staining ecosystem functions and terrestrial carbon sinks.

51 rbon sequestration, with forests as critical carbon sinks.

52 of the least constrained human-induced land carbon sinks.

53 , carbon function of these globally relevant carbon sinks.

54 ative importance compared to polar and other carbon sinks.

55 cast the impact of lianas on tropical forest carbon sinks.

56 ove global predictions of future terrestrial carbon sinks.

57 ilar, and sometimes more dramatic changes to carbon sinks.

58 forests in the wet tropics act as a net soil carbon sink (0.32 +/- 0.35 PgC yr(-)(1)).

59 e a dominant contribution to the global land carbon sink(2-7); however, the long-term trend of the no

60 ncentives, land is either a much smaller net carbon sink (+37 Pg C - Energy-Only policy) or a net sou

61 economy may offset weakening land and ocean carbon sinks, a loss of economic productivity will have

62 l be required to protect their role as a net carbon sink and a provider of important ecosystem servic

63 Trees represent the largest terrestrial carbon sink and a renewable source of ligno-cellulose.

64 nts suggested that the marsh was a long-term carbon sink and accumulated ~96.9 +/- 10.3 (+/-95% CI) g

65 tion by the volcano enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink and contributed to the temporary decline in

66 explaining decadal-scale changes in the land carbon sink and highlight the importance of fire managem

67 he phenylpropanoid pathway is a major global carbon sink and is important for plant fitness and the e

68 e strength of the temperate broadleaf forest carbon sink and its capacity to mitigate anthropogenic c

69 els for convincing projection of terrestrial carbon sink and its feedback to climate change.

70 d energy, but wood harvesting reduces forest carbon sink and processing of wood products requires mat

71 hat turgor is a central driver of the forest carbon sink and should be considered in next-generation

72 consequences for the future of the tropical carbon sink and the global anthropogenic carbon budget l

73 ture variability and trends on the long-term carbon sink and the mechanisms responsible for associate

74 he mid- and high latitudes became a stronger carbon sink and the tropics a stronger carbon source, ca

75 Forests are a critical carbon sink and widespread tree mortality resulting from

76 GPP is a primary determinant of terrestrial carbon sinks and may shape climate trajectories(9,10), o

77 across West Antarctica mean that significant carbon sinks and negative feedbacks to climate change co

78 ediment transport and accumulation, serve as carbon sinks and provide habitat for other species.

79 oisture variability reduces the present land carbon sink, and its increase and drying trends in sever

80 untenable that grasslands act as a perpetual carbon sink, and the most likely explanation for observe

81 and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO(2) responses are hig

82 l to understanding the current global forest carbon sink, and to predicting how it will change in fut

83 to address urban expansion, enhance natural carbon sinks, and increase agricultural productivity.

84 into question the role of soils as long-term carbon sinks, and show the need for a better understandi

85 Surprisingly, we find that the global carbon sink anomaly was driven by growth of semi-arid ve

86 An exceptionally large land carbon sink anomaly was recorded in 2011, of which more

87 quality, and constitute a globally important carbon sink, are among the most vulnerable habitats on t

88 a significant suppression of the global land-carbon sink as increases in ozone concentrations affect

89 The terrestrial carbon sink, as of yet unidentified, represents 15-30% o

90 relevant regarding their respective roles as carbon sinks, as even the wildfire charcoals formed at t

91 gram = 10(15) g; negative signs are used for carbon sinks) averaged over the period studied, partly o

92 est regrowth, to partition the global forest carbon sink between old-growth and regrowth stands over

93 large contribution to the global terrestrial carbon sink but is also the most heavily fragmented fore

94 stal lagoon ecosystems are important natural carbon sinks but are threatened by both climate change a

95 Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and c

96 in NPP would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but it would also intensify future competit

97 Dark earth may also be a substantial carbon sink, but its spatial extent and carbon inventory

98 Simply having grassland does not result is a carbon sink, but judicious management or previously poor

99 contribute a significant portion of the land carbon sink, but their ability to sequester CO2 may be c

100 at global warming will act to limit the land-carbon sink, but these first generation models neglected

101 em models (ESMs) estimate a significant soil carbon sink by 2100, yet the underlying carbon dynamics

102 e 'global dimming' period, enhanced the land carbon sink by approximately one-quarter between 1960 an

103 resulted in a strong reduction of the global carbon sink by at least 33% (2.1 Pg C yr(-1) ) from the

104 -1998 El Nino drought temporarily halted the carbon sink by increasing tree mortality, while fragment

105 Regulation of the Southern Ocean carbon sink by the wind-driven Ekman flow, mesoscale edd

106 eclining trend in the forcing of terrestrial carbon sinks by increasing amounts of atmospheric CO(2)

107 d evidence for a [CO(2) ]-driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory.

108 ence, their significance as a major regional carbon sink can hardly be disputed.

109 Changes in the efficiency of the carbon sinks can be estimated indirectly by analysing tr

110 h system models and the estimation of future carbon sink capacity and water balance in midlatitude fo

111 en limitations on plant growth, altering the carbon sink capacity of frequently burning savanna grass

112 n exploring how these shifts will affect the carbon sink capacity of southeastern US forests, which w

113 tem CO(2) balance, considerably reducing the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem, even where vegeta

114 The carbon sink capacity of the world's agricultural and deg

115 The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantiall

116 Forest dynamics underlying carbon sink capacity were also punctuated by cyclones, w

117 However, this strengthening of carbon sinks, combined with the potential for rapid clim

118 la: see text] uptake and find that the ocean carbon sink could be responsible for up to 40% of the ob

119 he capacity of continents to act as a future carbon sink critically depends on the nonlinear response

120 Forest carbon sinks decrease by 12,034 tons within a 0-20 km ra

121 However, carbon dynamics after current carbon sink diminishes to zero differ for different demo

122 s exhibited a temporary strengthening of the carbon sink, driven by the rapid regrowth of these young

123 ual variability (IAV) and trends of the land carbon sink, driven largely by the El Nino-Southern Osci

124 worldwide and is thought to be a significant carbon sink due to high productivity, extensive root sys

125 il fuel substitution and reduction in forest carbon sink due to wood harvesting.

126 ass meadows are considered important natural carbon sinks due to their capacity to store organic carb

127 ing the role of forest age in shaping global carbon sink dynamics.

128 tive to 2001-2007 also induced an additional carbon sink enhancement of 0.4 +/- 0.2 PgC yr(-1) attrib

129 recipitation over Australia, we suggest that carbon sink episodes will exert greater future impacts o

130 2) is widely accepted to enhance terrestrial carbon sink, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.

131 Here we show that our three terrestrial carbon sink estimates are in good agreement and support

132 d model the variable coupling of silicon and carbon sinking fluxes and the spatial patterns of opal a

133 ortant to maintain and improve this critical carbon sink for Northeast Asia.

134 As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigati

135 Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink from [Formula: see text] mapping methods and

136 te for tropical forests may yield a weakened carbon sink from both decreased GPP and increased RE.

137 matter (SOM) are closely tied to mangroves' carbon sink functions and resistance to rising sea level

138 Forests are currently a substantial carbon sink globally.

139 r conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked.

140 The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its si

141 ion of Forest Transitions to the terrestrial carbon sink has been underestimated.

142 n and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to st

143 The terrestrial carbon sink has significantly increased in the past deca

144 it is very unlikely that both land and ocean carbon sinks have decreased on a global scale.

145 Carbon sinks have increased in temperate (+30 +/- 5%) an

146 The global land and ocean carbon sinks have increased proportionally with increasi

147 (2.66 gigatonnes of carbon) or China's land carbon sink in 2000-2009 (2.6 gigatonnes of carbon).

148 Realistic representation of land carbon sink in climate models is vital for predicting ca

149 -1990, released CO(2) potentially offset the carbon sink in forest trees by 9-18% over the entire Uni

150 We find the current gross carbon sink in forests recovering from harvests and aban

151 The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact Africa

152 of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO(2) , albeit with uncertai

153 Although the existence of a large carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems is well-establishe

154 heir accumulated carbon budget switched to a carbon sink in the 1960s, sequestering an estimated 1,64

155 Field measurements demonstrate a carbon sink in the Amazon and Congo basins, but the caus

156 und-based methods agree on the presence of a carbon sink in the coterminous United States (the United

157 For the period 1980-89, we estimate a carbon sink in the coterminous United States between 0.3

158 major role in the growth of the terrestrial carbon sink in the decades since the mid twentieth centu

159 for heterotrophic organisms and constitute a carbon sink in the global oceans.

160 ia have effectively expanded the size of the carbon sink in the region, and sustainable forest manage

161 ken together, study results suggest that the carbon sink in the southeastern United States may become

162 shing impacts nutrient fertilisation and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean is poorly understood.

163 Several studies have suggested that the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean-the ocean's strongest

164 0.5 Pg C year(-1) partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 +/- 0.5 P

165 to promote emission reductions and increase carbon sinks in forest land while promoting other cobene

166 CO(2) fertilization as a driver of increased carbon sinks in global forests.

167 ent findings have suggested that terrestrial carbon sinks in northern high-latitude regions are weake

168 idence to support the idea of a reduction of carbon sinks in northern terrestrial ecosystems.

169 en risks may fundamentally compromise forest carbon sinks in the 21st century.

170 , which we show here are among the strongest carbon sinks in the continental United States.

171 Carbon sinks in the model increase in response to geoeng

172 nt factor driving the increasing strength of carbon sinks in these forests.

173 constitute potentially large phenylpropanoid carbon sinks in tissues of quaking aspen (Populus tremul

174 Net biogenic CO(2) emissions were negative (carbon sink) in four cities, while large net positive em

175 Geographic areas with strong carbon sinks included Midwest US croplands, and forested

176 domonas plays a critical role as a principal carbon sink influencing cellular energy balance however,

177 After preventing carbon sink into lipid accumulation, we evaluated itacon

178 inorganic carbon, two major contributors to carbon sinking into the deep ocean.

179 a global scale, our estimate of the net land carbon sink is 0.8 +/- 0.7 petagrams of carbon per year

180 ing a terminal electron acceptor, this rusty carbon sink is effectively destroyed along the thaw grad

181 Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observati

182 The terrestrial carbon sink is increasing, yet the mechanisms responsibl

183 Based on the assumption that fruit carbon sink is limiting metabolite accumulation in grape

184 without biofuels (a No-Biofuel scenario) the carbon sink is nearly identical to the case with biofuel

185 While the timing of the net carbon sink is out of phase with wintertime rainfall and

186 t a large portion of the current terrestrial carbon sink is strictly transient in nature.

187 tions indicate that the enhanced terrestrial carbon sink is the primary reason for the observed Delta

188 nd the large-scale distribution of the ocean carbon sink is well quantified for recent decades.

189 of carbon per year; comparable with the land carbon sink itself(1)) throughout the twenty-first centu

190 Far from being a terminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recy

191 In the sentence "The carbon-sink-maximizing portfolio has a small negative ef

192 for this separation, revealing how the ocean carbon sink may be expected to change throughout this ce

193 osystems, the size of the annual terrestrial carbon sink may be substantially reduced, resulting in a

194 crease implies that the tropical terrestrial carbon sink may shut down sooner than current models sug

195 nge (NEE) show that the mesic site was a net carbon sink (NEE = -2.48 tonnes C ha(-1)), while interme

196 During the wet year, vegetation was a net carbon sink of 0.25 +/- 0.14 Pg C yr(-1), which is rough

197 For 2001-2010 we find a carbon sink of 0.85 (0.66-0.96) Pg year(-1) located in i

198 This indicates a carbon sink of 1.3 Pg C yr(-1) (CI, 0.8-1.6) across all

199 Elephant population growth would generate a carbon sink of 109 MtC (64 to 153) across tropical Afric

200 tmosphere instead of the historical residual carbon sink of 186-192 GtC, a carbon saving of 251-274 G

201 bility of the strength of the North Atlantic carbon sink of about +/-0.3 petagrams of carbon per year

202 Land could become a large net carbon sink of about 178 Pg C over the 21st century with

203 ack, measures are needed to maintain fragile carbon sink of alpine permafrost ecosystems.

204 A land carbon sink of approximately 1 Pg of C per yr is simulat

205 prene biosynthesis was by far (99%) the main carbon sink of MEP pathway intermediates in mature gray

206 Here, we estimated changes in the biomass carbon sink of natural stands throughout Canada's boreal

207 ts, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem.

208 ensive tropical forests on Earth, but Amazon carbon sinks of atmospheric CO(2) are declining, as defo

209 s a great potential to evaluate the role, as carbon sinks, of water-limited forests under climate cha

210 The global terrestrial carbon sink offsets one-third of the world's fossil fuel

211 As the Earth warms, carbon sinks on land and in the ocean will weaken, there

212 scales, highlighting its potential role as a carbon sink or source to be examined in the context of l

213 Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots sugges

214 The size of the 2010-11 carbon sink over Australia (0.97 Pg) was reduced to 0.48

215 orests and has been shown to be an important carbon sink over recent decades(1-3).

216 he land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades, with a substantial frac

217 te reflects a previously underestimated land carbon sink over southwest China (Yunnan, Guizhou and Gu

218 investigate the evolution of the terrestrial carbon sink over the past 30 years, with a focus on the

219 pporting the timing and increase in the land carbon sink over these afforestation regions.

220 ssions and enhance the climate resilience of carbon sinks over managed land.

221 st likely explanation for observed grassland carbon sinks over short periods is legacy effects of lan

222 e between 2110 and 2260, followed by another carbon sink period.

223 th system model projections of global forest carbon sink persistence are likely too optimistic, incre

224 N(2)O emissions can significantly lower the carbon-sink potential of continuous alfalfa agriculture.

225 os and their efficiency as water sources and carbon sinks, potentially leading to severe regional and

226 Carbon sink potentials were mapped in distinct tree-plan

227 can impair the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks; prominent among these are tropospheric O3

228 hat Neotropical forests may be a significant carbon sink, reducing the rate of increase in atmospheri

229 for photosynthesis, kelp forests can act as carbon sinks, reducing nearby acidity and increasing dis

230 The averaged carbon sink reduction varies between 31% and 37%, and re

231 ersistence and spatially attribution of this carbon sink remain largely unknown.

232 In contrast, temporal changes in the oceanic carbon sink remain poorly understood.

233 ation globally, but critical aspects of this carbon sink remain unresolved.

234 woody savannas have historically acted as a carbon sink, removing atmospheric carbon and storing it

235 responsible for the exceptionally large land carbon sink reported in 2011.

236 est regional synchrony and reduced long-term carbon sink resilience.

237 Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth's two largest expanses of

238 ffectiveness of climate policy and detecting carbon-sink responses to climate change.

239 ompared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents.

240 lished forests currently function as a major carbon sink, sequestering as woody biomass about 26% of

241 er depletion challenge the longevity of this carbon sink service.

242 rbon products, is one factor determining the carbon sink size.

243 We found a wide range of carbon sink/source function, with mean annual net ecosys

244 in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, whereas carbon-sinking species, when stimulated by iron fertiliz

245 In contrast, recovery of carbon sink strength after thinning, a management practi

246 ould overestimate predictions of future land carbon sink strength and, consequently, underestimate fo

247 Changes in tropical forest carbon sink strength during El Nino Southern Oscillation

248 ge could be critical for predicting tropical carbon sink strength in response to projected climate ch

249 third and fourth posttreatment years, annual carbon sink strength of the thinned site was higher than

250 ly thinned site showed that thinning reduced carbon sink strength only for the first two posttreatmen

251 that vegetation change could alter peatland carbon sink strength under future climate change.

252 [CO2] and fungal effects on plant growth and carbon sink strength were correlated with shifts in RBio

253 as negatively influence the forest potential carbon sink strength, especially for young, disturbed, l

254 el 1 coupled carbon-climate model shows that carbon sink strengths vary with the rate of fossil fuel

255 rge decadal variations in the Southern Ocean carbon sink suggest a rather dynamic ocean carbon cycle

256 use of the observed reduction in the biomass carbon sink, suggesting that western Canada's boreal for

257 We also find a northern land carbon sink that is distributed relatively evenly among

258 However, most blue carbon sinks (that held by marine organisms) are shrinki

259 y from historic land use are currently large carbon sinks, the long-term viability of those sinks dep

260 F) in the United States is currently a major carbon sink, there are uncertainties in how long the cur

261 ts imply that coastal marshes, and the major carbon sink they represent, are significantly more resil

262 ed study to characterize the Australian land carbon sink through the novel coupling of satellite retr

263 plications regarding a change from a current carbon sink to a carbon source in the boreal region.

264 ss has the potential to alter forests from a carbon sink to a source, causing a positive feedback on

265 oning the region from a globally significant carbon sink to a source.

266 microbial communities, can cause a potential carbon sink to become a carbon source.

267 d, suggesting a return of the North American carbon sink to more normal levels.

268 Attributing the carbon sink to transient recovery or other processes is

269 transition freshwater coastal wetlands from carbon sinks to carbon sources.

270 , suggesting sensitivity of the contemporary carbon sinks to climate extremes.

271 but many forests continue to be driven from carbon sinks to sources through human activities.

272 , potentially changing these ecosystems from carbon sinks to sources.

273 redicted from an increase in the terrestrial carbon sink under increased atmospheric CO(2) concentrat

274 the terrestrial biosphere acts as an overall carbon sink until about 2050, but turns into a source th

275 Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropic

276 f variations in diffuse fraction on the land carbon sink using a global model modified to account for

277 rojected changes in ozone levels on the land-carbon sink, using a global land carbon cycle model modi

278 ation patterns may better constrain regional carbon sink variability in coupled carbon-climate models

279 Most of this regional carbon sink was contributed by newly established forests

280 We show the 2010-11 carbon sink was primarily ascribed to savannas and grass

281 growth and the ecosystem became a sustained carbon sink well before winter ended, taking up roughly

282 sults point toward a reduction of the global carbon sink when including a more realistic representati

283 the consolidated gully serves as an enhanced carbon sink, where the magnitude of SOC increase rate (1

284 Forests are integral to the global land carbon sink, which has sequestered ~30% of anthropogenic

285 Forests have a key role as carbon sinks, which could potentially mitigate the conti

286 and non-forest areas contributed 28% to the carbon sink, while timber harvest was tripled.

287 system models project that the tropical land carbon sink will decrease in size in response to an incr

288 ertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric compo

289 re are uncertainties in how long the current carbon sink will persist and if the CHF will eventually

290 marily responsible for the contemporary U.S. carbon sink will slow over the next century, resulting i

291 nking that the capacity of forests to act as carbon sinks will be generally enhanced under eCO(2), an

292 The future of these systems as carbon sinks will depend on advancing current scientific

293 typically predict that this tropical forest 'carbon sink' will continue for decades(4,5).

294 000 km(2) , mangroves are globally important carbon sinks with carbon density values three to four ti

295 role of tropical and subtropical forests as carbon sinks with higher accuracy; our new rates can be

296 st lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where th

297 to understand the current global terrestrial carbon sink without accounting for the sizeable sink due

298 All approaches agreed that the current carbon sink would persist at least to 2100.

299 A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO(2) ] increase and

300 ve contributed to this reinvigoration of the carbon sink, yet differences in the processes between se