ライフサイエンスコーパス: carnitine

1 n red gastrocnemius in response to palmitoyl carnitine.

2 sed serum concentrations of lysine and C10:2 carnitine.

3 ent catalysis occurs only in the presence of carnitine.

4 fection or by dietary supplementation with l-carnitine.

5 al hydroxylation step in the biosynthesis of carnitine.

6 the fatty acid transport molecule palmitoyl carnitine.

7 respectively (P<0.05), but did not change in Carnitine.

8 by the stimulation of beta-oxidation with l-carnitine.

9 acetogen that can grow by demethylation of l-carnitine.

10 enase domain with and without the substrate, carnitine.

11 ly lower urine levels of 3-hydroxyundecanoyl-carnitine.

12 hia-infected cells with the addition of acyl-carnitines.

13 -specific urine biomarker 2-methyl pentanoyl carnitine (2-MPC).

14 aurine, formate, citrate, 3-indoxyl sulfate, carnitine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, TMAO and acetate) and 8

15 80 g carbohydrate (Control, n=6) or 1.36 g L-carnitine + 80 g carbohydrate (Carnitine, n=6).

16 , which play a role in brain development, 3) carnitine, a conditionally essential nutrient with an im

17 Carnitine, a molecule found in red meat, is metabolized

18 (FAO) with substantial accumulation of acyl-carnitines accompanied by an increase of PGC1alpha in re

19 equired to stimulate insulin-mediated muscle carnitine accretion.

20 hydrate+protein could inhibit chronic muscle carnitine accumulation.

21 Treated buffaloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and

22 overload by creating mice lacking the enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) in the proximal tubul

23 ing the olefinic partner, the synthesis of a carnitine acetyltransferase inhibitor, which contains a

24 ckout) mouse line with deficiencies in CrAT (carnitine acetyltransferase) and Sirt3 (sirtuin 3)-enzym

25 al acetyl-CoA from pyruvate dehydrogenase to carnitine acetyltransferase.

26 We determined that carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase (CACT; Slc25a20) is

27 9, previously reported to be a mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine- or ornithine-like carrier, has

28 :0, C16:0) or with palmitate with or without carnitine acyltransferase inhibition by mildronate.

29 l-Carnitine administration (0.9 g/kg per day) prevented at

30 ted to the prevention of atrophy with oral l-carnitine administration.

31 ld be reversed by Alpha Lipoic Acid/Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALA/ALC) but not by other chemicals previousl

32 We noted that acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC, a cofactor of cPT1 and cPT2) prevented t

33 nist AICAR or the antioxidant agent acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) restored SIRT3 expression and activity

34 Standardized carnitine along with 65 synthesized, standardized acylca

35 ites from a range of chemical classes (e.g., carnitines, alpha-amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, pho

36 tors and individual screening analytes (acyl-carnitines, amino acids, fetal-to-adult hemoglobin ratio

37 l-Carnitine, an abundant nutrient in red meat, accelerates

38 and D, folate, selenium, zinc, copper, iron, carnitine and 22 amino acids for six consecutive days.

39 m spectra were annotated with fragments from carnitine and acyl moieties as well as neutral loss peak

40 The determination of carnitine and acyl-carnitines can provide important info

41 However, it is unknown whether plasma carnitine and acylcarnitines can reflect the severity of

42 mediately after admission, and the levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines were measured by ultra-high

43 Carnitine and acylcarnitines were not transported by SLC

44 Twelve weeks of daily l-carnitine and carbohydrate feeding in humans increases s

45 l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and delta-valerobetaine (P < 0.01).

46 gestion, whereas fasting endogenous plasma l-carnitine and gammaBB levels were similar in vegans/vege

47 The conversion of l-carnitine and its derivative gamma-butyrobetaine to trim

48 of PCoA concentration, in the presence of L-carnitine and malate, were performed.

49 ntation of higher- vs lower-molecular-weight carnitine and phosphatidylcholine family members in spec

50 al efficiently identifies the best dose of L-carnitine and provides clear guidance regarding whether

51 with improved tissue and systemic levels of carnitine and short chain acylcarnitine, increased beta-

52 The study found that carnitine and vitamin E pathways were dysregulated in fr

53 (I)alamin or Co(I)-MtqC in the presence of l-carnitine and, to a much lesser extent, gamma-butyrobeta

54 ugh the model was improved after adding acyl-carnitines and amino acids, the ability of the model to

55 ity to reduce the accumulation of IR-related carnitines and ceramides.

56 -cells led to the accumulation of fatty acyl-carnitines and enhanced IS.

57 e decreased monohydroxy fatty acids and acyl carnitines and increased pyruvate along with TCA cycle i

58 ylcarnitines glutaryl carnitine, octenedioyl carnitine, and adipoyl carnitine (median change, 6.19 [-

59 iations of TMAO and its precursors (choline, carnitine, and betaine) with inflammatory and cardiometa

60 olism, associated with glycine betaine and L-carnitine, and bile acid and tryptophan metabolism are a

61 lin sensitivity, we identified C22:1-CoA, C2-carnitine, and C16-ceramide as the best classifiers.

62 and exhibited a higher Km for ergothioneine, carnitine, and carnosine compared to previously identifi

63 ry nutrients, including choline, lecithin, l-carnitine, and gamma-butyrobetaine.

64 for discriminating choline, acetylcholine, L-carnitine, and glycine betaine effectively.The choline-b

65 Higher concentrations of TMAO and carnitine, and lower concentrations of betaine, were ass

66 N(1)-methylnicotinamide (1-NMN), creatinine, carnitine, and metformin, which is a probe for OCT1 and

67 ine, methylhistidine, tryptophan, cystamine, carnitine, and trimethylamine were lower.

68 nary ammonium compounds such as stachydrine, carnitine, and trimethylglycine.

69 h as phospholipids, amino acids, bile acids, carnitines, and fatty acids and their derivatives.

70 or T2D and suggest urine 3-hydroxyundecanoyl-carnitine as a biomarker candidate.

71 ed cob-(I)alamin or tetrahydrofolate using l-carnitine as methyl donor.

72 approach identifies a class of lipids, acyl-carnitines, as being down-regulated during Wolbachia inf

73 centrations of citrulline, glutamic acid and carnitine at 24 hrs after enrolment and significantly lo

74 Plasma carnitine AUC was greater after carbohydrate+protein con

75 Plasma carnitine AUC was greater after carbohydrate+protein con

76 he fetus is exposed, we propose that reduced carnitine availability during gestation is a common risk

77 ngs strongly support the premise that muscle carnitine availability is a primary regulator of fuel se

78 data firmly support the premise that muscle carnitine availability is a primary regulator of fuel se

79 Serum insulin concentration, net forearm carnitine balance (NCB; arterialized-venous and venous p

80 The insulin-mediated increase in forearm carnitine balance with carbohydrate consumption was acut

81 a genetic component that relates to de novo carnitine biosynthesis and is sensitive to environmental

82 gulating thermogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and carnitine biosynthesis and transport.

83 role as an enzyme cofactor for collagen and carnitine biosynthesis.

84 ction, secondary metabolism (fragrance), and carnitine biosynthesis.

85 Cellular extracts of E. limosum grown on l-carnitine, but not lactate, methylated cob-(I)alamin or

86 thod for the determination of free and total carnitine, butyrobetaine, and acylcarnitines is presente

87 over 12 weeks in Control, they increased in Carnitine by 20%, 200% and 6%, respectively (P<0.05).

88 Oxidation of quaternary ammonium substrate, carnitine by non-heme iron containing Acinetobacter baum

89 Dietary intake of L-carnitine can promote cardiovascular diseases in humans

90 The determination of carnitine and acyl-carnitines can provide important information about inher

91 ncluding phosphatidylcholine, choline, and L-carnitine, can enter into a microbial metabolic pathway

92 e determination of the concentration of free carnitine, carnitine esters and the carnitine precursors

93 eight zwitterions, including ergothioneine, carnitine, carnosine, gabapentin, as well as four cation

94 duce its precursor trimethylamine (TMA) from carnitine, choline, or choline-containing compounds.

95 y allow for oxygen activation as a basis for carnitine cleavage.

96 abolism, divergences in free fatty acids and carnitine conjugated lipid levels, and altered beta-oxid

97 gain in the rat, whereas it depleted muscle carnitine content (all moieties), increased whole-body c

98 ompared to control, meldonium depleted total carnitine content (all P < 0.001), reduced carnitine tra

99 Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content represents an appealing intervention i

100 ng in humans increases skeletal muscle total carnitine content, and prevents body mass accrual associ

101 ans/vegetarians ingested deuterium-labeled l-carnitine (d3-l-carnitine) or gammaBB (d9-gammaBB), and

102 uding fructose intolerance, xanthinuria, and carnitine deficiency.

103 then demonstrate that cntAB is essential in carnitine degradation to TMA.

104 he first described mechanism of biological l-carnitine demethylation.

105 Here, we demonstrate that MtcB catalyzes l-carnitine demethylation.

106 sk factor for ASD is diminished capacity for carnitine-dependent long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation

107 ough the impact of meldonium-mediated muscle carnitine depletion on whole-body fuel selection, and mu

108 is and tissue uptake, although the impact of carnitine depletion on whole-body fuel selection, muscle

109 ctions and pathways strongly associated with carnitine depletion were identified.

110 TMAO levels in mice fed a high-choline or L-carnitine diet.

111 (NCB; arterialized-venous and venous plasma carnitine difference x brachial artery flow), and carnit

112 tine difference x brachial artery flow), and carnitine disappearance (Rd) and appearance (Ra) rates w

113 that the pooled estimate is independent of L-carnitine dose (slope: -0.30; 95% CI: -4.19, 3.59; p = 0

114 When growing on l-carnitine, E. limosum excreted the unusual biological pr

115 ositive effect, thus chiral recognition of l-carnitine enantiomers is extremely important in biologic

116 predicted to occur via a putative (18)F-FPIA carnitine-ester.

117 tion of the concentration of free carnitine, carnitine esters and the carnitine precursors is require

118 d muscle total carnitine (P < 0.001) and all carnitine esters.

119 s and tissue uptake, and accelerates urinary carnitine excretion, although the impact of meldonium-me

120 by omnivorous dietary patterns and chronic l-carnitine exposure.

121 c acid and oxoglutaric acid (citrate cycle), carnitine (fatty acid metabolism), and pyroglutamic acid

122 y and type 2 diabetes but requires chronic L-carnitine feeding on a daily basis in a high-carbohydrat

123 The use of acetyl-l-carnitine for the prevention of CIPN in patients with ca

124 , and MtqA methylated tetrahydrofolate via l-carnitine, forming a key intermediate in the acetogenic

125 maintained by biosynthesis and absorption of carnitine from the diet.

126 significance of the trimeric state of the L-carnitine/gamma-butyrobetaine antiporter CaiT of Escheri

127 als capable of performing each step of the l-carnitine->gammaBB->TMA transformation were identified.

128 to the initial 2 steps in a metaorganismal l-carnitine->gammaBB->TMA->TMAO pathway in subjects.

129 identified no single commensal capable of l-carnitine->TMA transformation, multiple community member

130 lture, E. timonensis promoted the complete l-carnitine->TMA transformation.

131 Carnitine has been investigated in many biochemical, pha

132 Carnitine has one asymmetric carbon giving two stereoiso

133 port of an endogenous compound, isobutyryl-l-carnitine (IBC), as a potential clinical OCT1 biomarker

134 hile addition of commercially available acyl-carnitines impairs Wolbachia production.

135 the CBS domain of the ATPase subunit of the carnitine importer OpuC.

136 loped and published for the determination of carnitine in foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical

137 In conclusion, increasing muscle total carnitine in healthy humans can modulate muscle metaboli

138 ncreased the levels of glycine betaine and L-carnitine in plasma samples, which correlated negatively

139 nts of phosphatidylcholines, oleic acid, and carnitine in plasma, possibly reflecting a higher intake

140 erial formation of trimethylamine (TMA) from carnitine in the gut microbiome has been linked to cardi

141 ocortisone did not affect the levels of acyl carnitines in either group.

142 Furthermore, fasting acyl carnitines in obese TG mice were decreased, indicating t

143 ne inhibitor assigns a crucial role for acyl-carnitines in the replication of dengue and Zika viruses

144 uncovers a previously unknown role for acyl-carnitines in this tripartite interaction that suggests

145 In contrast, depletion of acyl-carnitines increases Wolbachia density while addition of

146 ns (>20-fold; P = 0.001) following oral d3-l-carnitine ingestion, whereas fasting endogenous plasma l

147 Furthermore, treatment with an acyl-carnitine inhibitor assigns a crucial role for acyl-carn

148 responsible for transporting long-chain acyl-carnitines into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation.

149 tions of taurine (a major organic osmolyte), carnitine (involved in fatty acid transport), and two ma

150 l-Carnitine is a vitamin-like amino acid derivative, which

151 In humans, dietary l-carnitine is converted into the atherosclerosis- and thr

152 Eubacterium limosum Instead of forming TMA, carnitine is demethylated by the newly discovered methyl

153 IS, showing that beta-oxidation of palmitoyl-carnitine is not required for its stimulation of IS.

154 oline, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), and l-carnitine, is elevated in chronic kidney diseases (CKD)

155 ycerophosphocholine, glycerol-3-phosphate, L-carnitine, L-aspartate, glutathione, prostaglandin G2, a

156 ive, rapidly acting antidepressant, acetyl-l-carnitine (LAC) in the drinking water opposed the direct

157 modulating histone acetylation with acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) or acetyl-N-cysteine (NAC) rapidly incre

158 Acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC), a mitochondria-boosting supplement, has

159 an epigenetic and energetic agent, acetyl-l-carnitine (LAC, oral administration), rapidly rescued th

160 lucose, glycogen, leucine, valine, creatine, carnitine, lactate, nucleosides) were increased.

161 l-Carnitine (LC) exerts beneficial effects in arterial hyp

162 one (IDB), R-alpha-lipoic acid plus acetyl-L-carnitine (LCLA), was found on the CCO activity (chi-squ

163 Serum carnitine level increased with ALC but remained stable w

164 The octadecadienyl carnitine level was higher in HBV-associated cirrhosis g

165 ions of glutamate, glycerophospholipids, and carnitine levels in released muscle, but did not prevent

166 Plasma L-carnitine levels in subjects undergoing cardiac evaluati

167 ral factors that affect maternal circulating carnitine levels, to which the fetus is exposed, we prop

168 nd metabolism in the TCA cycle, amino acids, carnitine, lipids, and bile acids.

169 However, whereas muscle total carnitine, long-chain acyl-CoA and whole-body energy exp

170 One major prediction of the NSC/carnitine malnutrition hypothesis is that a significant

171 ribed in terms of the neural stem cell (NSC)/carnitine malnutrition hypothesis, that an unappreciated

172 arnitine, octenedioyl carnitine, and adipoyl carnitine (median change, 6.19 [-3.37 to 14.18], 2.72 [-

173 ng-chain acylcarnitine metabolite (palmitoyl carnitine; median change, 7.83 [-5.64 to 26.99]; false d

174 period, which is entirely consistent with a carnitine-mediated increase in muscle long-chain acyl-gr

175 -dependent regulation of CACT and fatty acyl-carnitine-mediated regulation of IS.

176 In order to get more insight into carnitine metabolism and synthesis, a sensitive analysis

177 ion of gammaBB in gut microbiota-dependent l-carnitine metabolism in humans is unknown.

178 ated gene cluster proposed to be involved in carnitine metabolism in representative genomes of the hu

179 sis and glycerophospholipid metabolism and L-carnitine metabolism in the development of CRF.

180 l have discovered an alternative pathway for carnitine metabolism in the gut bacterium Eubacterium li

181 ular and biochemical mechanisms underpinning carnitine metabolism to TMA in human microbiota and assi

182 l group of Rieske-type proteins in microbial carnitine metabolism.

183 number of available Lp(a)-targeted drugs, L-carnitine might be an effective alternative to effective

184 By contrast, the carnitine moiety was found to require an area of 37 +/-

185 This mode of insertion implies that the carnitine moiety, with its nontitratable positive charge

186 During this process, the two-component carnitine monooxygenase (CntAB) catalyzes the oxygen-dep

187 s of these data, a redox catalytic cycle for carnitine monooxygenase was proposed.

188 ) or 1.36 g L-carnitine + 80 g carbohydrate (Carnitine, n=6).

189 terminal domain with significant homology to carnitine O-acyltransferase (cAT).

190 diphosphate (d), succinate (S) and octanoyl carnitine (O) were one- to twofold higher in eWAT of old

191 hort-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitines glutaryl carnitine, octenedioyl carnitine, and adipoyl carnitine

192 rmation, gammaBB->TMA, was diet inducible (l-carnitine, omnivorous).

193 We aimed to assess the impact of L-carnitine on plasma Lp(a) concentrations through systema

194 dietary supplementation with TMAO or either carnitine or choline reduced in vivo reverse cholesterol

195 Studies with oral d3-l-carnitine or d9-gammaBB before versus after antibiotic e

196 ingested deuterium-labeled l-carnitine (d3-l-carnitine) or gammaBB (d9-gammaBB), and both plasma meta

197 This is associated with increased palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation and increased reactive oxygen specie

198 Here, we report the first structures of the carnitine oxygenase CntA, an enzyme of the Rieske oxygen

199 to control, meldonium depleted muscle total carnitine (P < 0.001) and all carnitine esters.

200 Maximal carnitine palmitolytransferase 1 (CPT1) activity remaine

201 etabolism of lipids through the key molecule carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), it is possible

202 carboxylase, up-regulated gene expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and down-regulated st

203 Because the carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT1a) is a protein

204 n obese rats: increases in cyclophylin F and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A and reductions in mit

205 a/beta, GW treatment increased expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a, the rate-limiting en

206 roliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT1)a, peroxisomal m

207 pertrophied hearts coincides with a shift of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I from muscle to increas

208 Acutely increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase I in normal rodent heart

209 key genes of fatty acid oxidation, including carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and the integral tran

210 ivities of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1, Carnitine Palmitoyl-CoA Transferase and mitochondrial re

211 Mutation in the neuronal isoform of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (CPT1C) gene.

212 6 on mitochondrial acylcarnitine carrier and carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase 1 gene expression, two k

213 Depletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)2 activity through p

214 We reported that T(3) induces genes for carnitine palmitoyltransferase (cpt1a), pyruvate dehydro

215 and gain-of-function experiments identified carnitine palmitoyltransferase -1a (CPT1a), a key regula

216 complex I was associated with a decrease in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cPT1) and cPT2 levels.

217 ated receptor alpha and induction of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, suggesting increased e

218 the levels of the IMP2 client mRNAs encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and peroxisome

219 , cg01082498, and cg09737197) in intron 1 of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were strongly

220 onent of mitochondrial fatty acid transport, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), as a direct H

221 We found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limi

222 cy of NOX4 resulted in reduced expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), which is a ke

223 Surprisingly, the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a), which is elev

224 ration of metabolic inputs is underpinned by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and adenosine tri-phos

225 es and cholesterol and altered expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, sterol regulatory ele

226 tor-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1alpha (CPT1alpha).

227 oactivator 1alpha, uncoupling protein 1, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1alpha, were increased by

228 ce with skeletal muscle-specific deletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (Cpt1b(M-/-)), which l

229 ondrial matrix, which requires the action of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) in striated mu

230 malonyl-CoA with simultaneous inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b and 2) catalyze the pa

231 We demonstrate in HeLa cells that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) senses malonyl

232 of the constituents of the AMPAR complex is carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C), a brain-speci

233 AC18:1)/AC2:0, an index for the diagnosis of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency, was

234 e, CB-839-resistant TNBC cells had increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) protein and CPT1

235 tochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), on muscle and h

236 O) mouse incapable of FAO due to the loss of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, the product of an obli

237 Adv.cmv.L-CPT1 infusion (P<0.05), but muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I was unaffected.

238 Finally, knockdown of carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA in an AML patient-deri

239 rowth and differentiation factor 15), CPT1B (carnitine palmitoyltransferase IB)-protein and oral anti

240 Biallelic mutations in CPT2 cause carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, sometimes

241 Using a skeletal muscle-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 KO model, we show that

242 lcohol-induced liver injury due to increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, phosphorylated 5'AMP-a

243 d the cg00574958 DNA methylation site at the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A) gene to be ass

244 imiting for glucose oxidation and suppresses carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1B (CPT-1B), a key enzyme

245 nction and altered lipid metabolism and that carnitine palmitoyltransferases (CPT) have a major role

246 ty, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the development of atheroscler

247 ne metabolism', 'fatty acid metabolism (acyl carnitine, polyunsaturated)' and 'hexosylceramides' sub-

248 The endogenous carnitine pool in humans is maintained by biosynthesis a

249 ABSTRACT: The body carnitine pool is primarily confined to skeletal muscle,

250 of free carnitine, carnitine esters and the carnitine precursors is required.

251 red to determine whether amino acid and acyl-carnitine profiles could hold clinical utility in the ea

252 hepatic amino acid, fatty acid, taurine, and carnitine profiles.

253 (enriched in fat, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine) promote inflammation and atherosclerosis thro

254 ial evidence that administration of acetyl-L-carnitine promoted behavioral resilience at the SDS para

255 S) in mice and 2) administration of acetyl-L-carnitine promoted resilience at the SDS paradigm.

256 The addition of long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines promoted IS from rat insulinoma beta-cells (I

257 faloes had higher milk l-carnitine, acetyl-l-carnitine, propionyl-l-carnitine and delta-valerobetaine

258 at levels of import of the compatible solute carnitine show an inverse correlation with intracellular

259 provides evidence that the dysregulation of carnitine shuttle and vitamin E pathways play a role in

260 Cys, branched-chain amino acids), as well as carnitine shuttle associated with mitochondrial energy m

261 7 increased the expression of key enzymes in carnitine shuttle complex, in particular the homolog to

262 ntial nutrient with an important role in the carnitine shuttle for the metabolism of fatty acids and

263 We discovered that one of two enzymes in the carnitine shuttle is absent from the calanoid copepod li

264 1 gene expression, two key components of the carnitine shuttle system, were also investigated, allowi

265 Lipolysis was suppressed, mitochondrial carnitine shuttle was inhibited, while genes involved in

266 As fetal carnitine status exhibits a genetic component that relat

267 The basic premise is that fetal carnitine status is a significant metabolic component in

268 A nonhydrolyzable ether analog of palmitoyl-carnitine stimulated IS, showing that beta-oxidation of

269 tabolites derived from dietary choline and L-carnitine, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and betaine, h

270 ficant reduction of Lp(a) levels following L-carnitine supplementation (WMD: -8.82 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10

271 tracer studies before versus after chronic l-carnitine supplementation, revealed that omnivores and v

272 date the clinical value and safety of oral L-carnitine supplementation.

273 gests a significant Lp(a) lowering by oral L-carnitine supplementation.

274 biotics, or following chronic (>=2 months) l-carnitine supplementation.

275 public policy perspective by implementing a carnitine surveillance and dietary supplementation strat

276 2-trimethylhydrazinium)-propionate) inhibits carnitine synthesis and tissue uptake, although the impa

277 KEY POINTS: Meldonium inhibits endogenous carnitine synthesis and tissue uptake, and accelerates u

278 ) mice with mildronate, a drug that inhibits carnitine synthesis, eliminates acylcarnitines and impro

279 more abundant in E. limosum cells grown on l-carnitine than on lactate.

280 itochondrial respiration fueled by palmitoyl-carnitine that correlated with blood glucose dysregulati

281 olites (including three tocotrienols and six carnitines) that differentiate frail and non-frail pheno

282 biota are responsible for TMA formation from carnitine, the underpinning molecular and biochemical me

283 and for monitoring the biochemical effect of carnitine therapy.

284 multiple community members that converted l-carnitine to gammaBB, and only 1 Clostridiales bacterium

285 d vegans/vegetarians alike rapidly converted carnitine to gammaBB, whereas the second gut microbial t

286 rial design for evaluating the addition of L-carnitine to the treatment of vasopressor-dependent sept

287 ) catalyzes the oxygen-dependent cleavage of carnitine to TMA and malic semialdehyde.

288 Microbial metabolism of carnitine to trimethylamine (TMA) in the gut can acceler

289 We determined that carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase (CACT; Slc25a20) is a direct targe

290 l carnitine content (all P < 0.001), reduced carnitine transporter protein and glycogen content, and

291 Meldonium reduced carnitine transporter protein expression across muscles

292 e reversed by alpha lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine treatments, which boost mitochondrial function

293 eramide phosphoethanolamines, sphingomyelin, carnitines, tyrosine derivates and panthothenic acid.

294 ating to fuel metabolism were upregulated in Carnitine vs. Control after 12 weeks, with 'insulin sign

295 ygen consumption rate (OCR) and omega-3 with carnitine was superior to omega-3.

296 the dopamine pathway, protein kinase A, and carnitines were found to be involved in the regulation o

297 tidylcholines, two diglycerides and two acyl-carnitines were significantly altered in AAI treated rat

298 which play a role in brain development; low carnitine, which is essential for beta-oxidation of fatt

299 conversion of gamma butyrobetaine (GBB) to l-carnitine, which is involved in the generation of metabo

300 .29, -7.72, p < 0.001) but not intravenous L-carnitine (WMD: -2.91 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.22, 4.41, p = 0