ライフサイエンスコーパス: cartridge

1 filter disk within a disposable paper spray cartridge.

2 moval of [(18)F]F(-) from the anion-exchange cartridge.

3 he quaternary methyl ammonium anion exchange cartridge.

4 al as a simple minimal maintenance "plug-in" cartridge.

5 ing from 102.90% to 140.64% using Strata-XAW cartridge.

6 based on a generic centrifugal microfluidic cartridge.

7 surprisingly high number of elements in each cartridge.

8 cells, within a concentric fascicle called a cartridge.

9 the ability to transfer to the Xpert MTB/RIF cartridge.

10 d in spiked urine sample and loaded into the cartridge.

11 24 h and then cleanup with an Alumina-N SPE cartridge.

12 in proportion to advective flow through the cartridge.

13 with an average of three to five boutons per cartridge.

14 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a single cartridge.

15 flow through a solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge.

16 olid phase extraction clean up with STRATA X cartridge.

17 torage of hydrogen in a compact rechargeable cartridge.

18 iling water and purified on a reversed-phase cartridge.

19 erent temperature zones within an oil-filled cartridge.

20 pplied as a sorbet in solid phase extraction cartridge.

21 tion despite the low plate number of the SPE cartridge.

22 dic chip embedded within a credit-card-sized cartridge.

23 eurons, forming an array of boutons termed a cartridge.

24 use of the standard Xpert versus Xpert Ultra cartridge.

25 etained and concentrated on an Oasis MAX SPE cartridge.

26 using solid phase extraction with Hybrid SPE cartridges.

27 ions through fluorous solid phase extraction cartridges.

28 2 and 10 muL volume (HS-2 and HS-10) mixing cartridges.

29 ried out using solid phase extraction silica cartridges.

30 olid phase extraction using Strata X (500mg) cartridges.

31 phase Strata X solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges.

32 followed by solid phase extraction using MAX cartridges.

33 ase extraction using Oasis HLB (200 mg/6 mL) cartridges.

34 centrated prior to its extraction on WCX SPE cartridges.

35 hase extraction using Oasis HLB (200mg/6 mL) cartridges.

36 s multiple PCR loops both within and between cartridges.

37 rnary methyl ammonium solid-phase extraction cartridges.

38 d to elute [(18)F]fluoride from ion exchange cartridges.

39 ate the aerosol capture onto the paper spray cartridges.

40 irst identified ChCs by the presence of axon cartridges.

41 ator eluate is trapped on a cation exchanger cartridge (100 mg, approximately 8 mm long and 5 mm diam

42 as opposed to forming a highly concentrated cartridge, (2) AAS inhibition suppresses action potentia

43 cradle, containing only a disposable sensing cartridge, a tiny magnetic stirrer and a few passive opt

44 Sequential elution of mixed-mode cartridges allowed a significant reduction of matrix eff

45 tein conjugates is deposited, assembled in a cartridge allowing the introduction of sample, and detec

46 The cartridge allows for selective enrichment of target mole

47 Fabrication of a disposable paper test cartridge along with using a camera flash as the light s

48 nshot residue after the discharge of handgun cartridges, an extensive study was carried out in this w

49 is achieved in a platform of a microfluidic cartridge and a microfabricated heating-instrument with

50 ll parabens achieved using the optimum-sized cartridge and a repeatability of the extraction procedur

51 portantly, this system features a disposable cartridge and a sensitive custom designed fluorometer, e

52 an additively manufactured three-dimensional cartridge and a smartphone-based reader.

53 time (CT) using collagen/epinephrine agonist cartridge and collagen/adenosine diphosphate (CADP) agon

54 aded in this configuration into a disposable cartridge and delivered into the anterior chamber under

55 We aimed to determine whether popular cartridge and e-liquid EC products were contaminated wit

56 banned in the food industry to condition the cartridge and elute the steviol glycosides.

57 as is equilibrated with a membrane contactor cartridge and measured with a quadrupole mass spectromet

58 mance between Affymetrix GeneChip Human 133A cartridge and plate arrays with an emphasis on the asses

59 gently moved in a 2.2 intraocular lens (IOL) cartridge and pulled further in the funnel using 25 G en

60 cost of requiring a more complex paper spray cartridge and requiring larger sample volumes than those

61 K grafts can be preloaded using TM in an IOL cartridge and stored up to 4 days with limited endotheli

62 fied on a custom-made solid-phase extraction cartridge and subjected to quality control testing.

63 ents is activated by pressing buttons on the cartridge and sustained by exploiting capillary forces.

64 les were added to the filter-based detection cartridge and tested for B. anthracis on a GeneXpert ins

65 on is combined with the information from the cartridge and the patient to populate a cloud-based data

66 by using a solid-phase extraction silica-gel cartridge and then directly analysed by GC on a 5% diphe

67 digestion using a ((3)D) immobilized trypsin cartridge and, finally, the obtained peptides were analy

68 We selected 37 cartridges and 38 e-liquid products with the highest nic

69 Sterivex cartridges and a previously undescribed mechanism for el

70 on measurements were gathered using Tenax TA cartridges and a sampling pump drawing air over the skin

71 The system consists of disposable cartridges and a simple reader instrument, based on an i

72 ic saline, passing through 3 neutral alumina cartridges and a sterilizing filter.

73 sample preparation by solid-phase extraction cartridges and detection by ultra-high-performance liqui

74 and cation exchange mixed-mode polymeric SPE cartridges and qualitatively compared with those using c

75 , and different samples were collected using cartridges and quartz filters.

76 acetonitrile, clean-up with Envicarb II/PSA cartridges and subsequent analysis by HPLC/DAD was chara

77 compounds onto solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and subsequent elution to NMR tubes was done

78 2) Both the density of axo-axonic cartridges and the degree of gamma-aminobutyric acid mem

79 ve analytes were cumulatively trapped on SPE cartridges and the structures identified by (1)H NMR exp

80 parallel drug screening, modular disposable cartridge, and biocompatibility, which can potentially s

81 with the added substrate through a catalyst cartridge, and finally flow the reaction mixture directl

82 n by derivatization, preconcentration on C18 cartridge, and LC-MS quantification.

83 s: Amberlite XAD-8 resin, PPL- and C18 - SPE cartridges, and one anion exchanging resin-diethylaminoe

84 ibodies were then integrated into single-use cartridges, and the reduction of nonspecific binding was

85 , elution behavior, and recovery on/from SPE cartridges are described.

86 ities, whose appearance resembles chandelier cartridges, are found around the initial segments of axo

87 prove to be comparable to industry-standard cartridge arrays.

88 l RNAs on four independent lots of plate and cartridge arrays.

89 iff Quik Chek Complete immunochromatographic cartridge assay determines the presence of both glutamat

90 cle translocation on a simple magnetofluidic cartridge assembled with reagents for nucleic acid purif

91 -care device encompasses a disposable sensor cartridge attached to an electrochemical reader.

92 cost surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-sensing cartridge based on a loop-mediated isothermal amplificat

93 n could be detected with the SPRLAMP sensing cartridge based on direct sensing of the bulk refractive

94 The new cartridge-based assay can rapidly detect F. tularensis i

95 The multiplex GeneXpert cartridge-based assay includes all necessary sample proc

96 logs were synthesized and radiolabeled using cartridge-based dried (18)F and purified via a C18 cartr

97 he maintenance is simplified by a single-use cartridge-based fluidic system.

98 VALGENT, we assessed the performance of the cartridge-based Xpert HPV assay (Xpert HPV), which detec

99 ever, this technique works poorly on handgun cartridges because the extracted quantities quickly fall

100 we recently found that in schizophrenia, ChC cartridge boutons contain normal levels of the 67 kDa is

101 transporter (vGAT+), which is present in all cartridge boutons, and the subset of cartridges that con

102 luids during simulated urination to a urinal cartridge but removal of seven other compounds with grea

103 ing could be readily enriched by SAX and RAX cartridges but not by HILIC to enable quantitative glyco

104 n procedure within a lab-on-a-chip device or cartridge, but these systems require a high number of in

105 composition of the ammunition, firearm, and cartridge case.

106 e simultaneously detected from fired handgun cartridge cases.

107 n is used on glass beads for the therapeutic cartridge component of the combined strategy.

108 We made a cartridge composed of a vinyl/divinylbenzene polymer tha

109 p with solid-phase extraction using a tandem cartridge consisting of graphitized carbon black (GCB) a

110 ters as the substrate within the paper spray cartridge consumable.

111 The extract of the neutral sorbent cartridge contained most of the targeted chemicals, main

112 ransferred to a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge containing 1.0g of octadecyl bonded silica (C1

113 ontaining 25gL(-1) of NaCl are passed onto a cartridge containing 500mg XAD-2 adsorbent and re-extrac

114 detection and comprises a 3D-printed plastic cartridge containing a sealed fluidic element with the L

115 The sample is directly added to a disposable cartridge containing all reagents for sample preparation

116 a mini dark box and a disposable analytical cartridge containing all the reagents necessary for the

117 chromatography methods and found that using cartridges containing materials for strong anion exchang

118 phase extraction (LVSPE) device using three cartridges containing neutral, anionic, and cationic sor

119 2%) patients reported the use of e-cigarette cartridges containing tetrahydrocannabinol oil.

120 0 mug mL(-1) were online extracted using the cartridge-containing fibers.

121 The strategy reduced cartridge costs by 31%.

122 that the materials used to manufacture each cartridge could be evaluated to determine the metals the

123 In schizophrenia, the density of cartridges detectable by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

124 ntal cortex (PFC), the density of PVChC axon cartridges detectable by PV immunoreactivity peaks prior

125 a subjects, whereas the density of vGAT+/CB- cartridges did not differ between subject groups.

126 per ChC bouton nor the number of boutons per cartridge differed between subject groups.

127 Three commercial cartridges differing in length and internal diameter hav

128 ive blood aspirate was also collected in the cartridges during local anesthesia.

129 r and increases in the total number of their cartridges during the developmental period analyzed.

130 lytes from neutral and acidic species during cartridge elution and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-t

131 the ship's continuous intake flows through a cartridge enclosing a gas-permeable microporous membrane

132 Gases in the headspace of the cartridge equilibrate with dissolved gases in the flowin

133 FFAs in beer was achieved via Liquid-Liquid Cartridge Extraction (LLCE), the FFAs extract was purifi

134 The single-cartridge extraction step was developed using a mixed mo

135 FFAs in wort was achieved via liquid-liquid cartridge extraction, purification of FFA fraction by so

136 ysis and AChE bioassay were performed on the cartridge extracts.

137 uidic system employs disposable microfluidic cartridges fabricated using injection moulding in optica

138 ion of the reduced N-glycans by ion-exchange cartridges facilitated detection of sulfated glycans.

139 in only 2 min during a single pass through a cartridge filled with zinc(0).

140 tep through polymeric solid phase extraction cartridges followed by addition of isotopically labeled

141 from water using these new SiMNS-SO(3)Na SPE cartridges followed by HPLC-MS/MS analysis results in im

142 reversed-phase solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, followed by OTA elution with 1 mL of ethyl ac

143 rough a cation exchange resin and an alumina cartridge, followed by saline elution.

144 standard Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of adult pulmonary TB may have d

145 ystem is comprised of a plastic microfluidic cartridge for holding the PC and an assay automation sys

146 We developed a simple 3D printed cartridge for mass spectrometry (MS) targeted detection

147 Two versions of a 3D-printed cartridge for paper spray ionization (PSI) are demonstra

148 We report the development of a 3D-printed cartridge for paper spray ionization (PSI) that can be u

149 are integrated into a single, small fluidic cartridge for streamlined on-chip operation.

150 Spray has been demonstrated with this cartridge for tens of minutes, without any external pump

151 rlsbad, CA), to be performed within a single cartridge for the diagnosis of 25 respiratory pathogens

152 uidic probes with replaceable plug-like drug cartridges for chronic in vivo pharmacology and optogene

153 ochromatographic assay on thread (ICAT) in a cartridge format that is suitable for multiplexing.

154 Standard mixture solution loaded on MIP-SPE cartridge gave a recovery of 95% for 3NT, while the othe

155 ions to study the role of fluid rheology and cartridge geometry on characteristics such as jet exit v

156 The newer Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge has shown improved sensitivity in recent field

157 ase extraction approach (C-18 and carbograph cartridges) has been applied to purify and fractionate t

158 Consumable cartridges have been designed for use in ambient paper s

159 For this purpose two different P&T sorbent cartridges have been evaluated.

160 the present time, endotoxin removal through cartridge hemoperfusion is one of the better alternative

161 findings we quantified the densities of ChC cartridges immunoreactive for vesicular GABA transporter

162 DMEK grafts were loaded into a disposable cartridge in a tri-folded, endothelium-in configuration

163 existing Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge in different populations remain uncertain.

164 hat probably feeds back information to every cartridge in the medulla.

165 Our findings of a greater density of CB+ ChC cartridges in prefrontal cortex layer 2 from schizophren

166 extending to significantly more neighboring cartridges in the two nocturnal and crepuscular species

167 The cartridge incorporates a microarray of recombinant antig

168 ncentrated with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge initiate NAD(P)H-dependent denitration of 2,4,

169 4) The axo-axonic cartridges innervate the majority of excitatory neurons

170 phone adaptor with a plano-convex lens and a cartridge-insertion slot.

171 nstructed, including a novel SPRLAMP sensing cartridge integrating a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) m

172 The Xpert Flu Assay cartridge is a next-generation nucleic acid amplificatio

173 The waveguide cartridge is analysed by a simple reader device and resu

174 ired can be achieved within 5-10 min, as the cartridge is easily exchanged with a spare.

175 The cartridge is fabricated using low-cost printed-circuit-b

176 The microfluidic cartridge is operated through a dedicated compact instru

177 The cartridge is read out by an original portable multichann

178 at the normal developmental pruning of these cartridges is blunted in the illness.

179 rinting utilizing plug-and-play microfluidic cartridges is experimentally characterized with controll

180 and movement of fluid between paper and the cartridge material (polylactic acid, PLA).

181 The ideal use of the Ultra cartridge may therefore involve a more nuanced, setting-

182 the last discharge of firearms and/or spent cartridges may be a useful piece of information in foren

183 a mixed mode reversed-phase/cation-exchange cartridge (Oasis MCX) and validated in both wastewater e

184 method employing mixed cation exchange (MCX) cartridges, obtaining an off-line concentration factor o

185 using a hemoperfusion system consisting of a cartridge of porous silica beads (Davisil(R)) functional

186 ric registration of magnetic labels inside a cartridge of several millimeters in diameter regardless

187 s to the design of the internal microfluidic cartridge of the instrument, the selection was performed

188 , extracted with four solid-phase extraction cartridges of different chemistries, were suspect-screen

189 etal/metalloid levels in e-liquids (bottles, cartridges, open wick, and tank), 12 studies reported me

190 as sorbents in solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge or pipette tip and coated on to the surface of

191 Metal/metalloid levels in e-liquid from cartridges or tank/open wicks were higher than those fro

192 ere, we address this problem by developing a cartridge -oriented approach to reactionware-based chemi

193 SPE cartridges packed with functionalized SiMNS-SO(3)Na have

194 A C18 SPE cartridge paired with SPE GCB/PSA proved to be the most

195 The cartridge performs extraction and pre-concentration, as

196 sequestered to a resin matrix in a permeable cartridge positioned in line with streamflow.

197 d and enriched with a solid-phase extraction cartridge prior to analysis by ESI-MS/MS in negative ion

198 in tandem with a portable Bluetooth-enabled cartridge-processing unit facilitates process integratio

199 /MS-data corroborated that micropillar array cartridges provide outstanding chromatographic performan

200 After hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridge purification, (68)Ga-HZ220 was obtained with a

201 52 MBq (non-decay-corrected) of (18)F-FLT on cartridge purification.

202 yophilized milks, partitioned using SPE C-18 cartridges, purified by semi-preparative HPLC then analy

203 dge-based dried (18)F and purified via a C18 cartridge (radiochemical yield 49.8% +/- 5.9% within 20-

204 ptides was further improved when a Retain AX cartridge (RAX) was used.

205 While the optic cartridges relating to the spectral and polarization sen

206 e reduced and permethylated glycans on a C18 cartridge revealed numerous large glycans, whereas fract

207 the pretreatment precolumn Chromolith Guard Cartridge RP-18e (Merck), 10x4.6mm, with a washing mobil

208 amic range were determined in a filter-based cartridge run on the GeneXpert system.

209 o interpreting positive results of the Ultra cartridge's semi-quantitative trace call.

210 Here, we have combined an improved cartridge sampling technique with a microfluidic chip to

211 fluoride, and the tracer was purified by C18 cartridge separation.

212 ng the water on a 1 g solid-phase extraction cartridge, shipping it to our laboratories, and desorbin

213 ification of commercially available dialysis cartridges (Slide-A-Lyzer cassettes), and it consists of

214 owed by purification with graphitized carbon cartridge solid-phase extraction and separation over a T

215 A dynamic headspace extraction with cartridge solvent elution was applied.

216 s both necessary and sufficient to determine cartridge structure because it positions the most-adhesi

217 all detected in the cigalike ENDS prefilled cartridges, suggesting one potential source for the meta

218 ample processing and detection into a single cartridge suitable for point-of-care detection.

219 amatic loss of markers of afferent GABAergic cartridge synapses, resembling the cortical microcircuit

220 The cartridge synthesis of these materials provides high-qua

221 Here, we adapted a flow-based hollow-fiber cartridge system to better understand the cellular influ

222 r inter-day assays), utilizes an inexpensive cartridge system with low reagent volumes and can be com

223 A filter-based cartridge that included both sample processing and PCR a

224 gnetic nanolabels, into a miniature cylinder cartridge that mimics LF strip during all assay stages.

225 the device itself, enabling a low-complexity cartridge that operates in tandem with simple external i

226 in all cartridge boutons, and the subset of cartridges that contain calbindin (CB+).

227 est consists of a small-footprint reader and cartridges that quantify the percentage of HbS in a smal

228 using a reverse phase solid phase extraction cartridge, the alpha2 (I) chain carboxytelopeptide can b

229 ng and elution sequences applied to the MSPD cartridge, the flow rate and dilution of extract used fo

230 a quaternary methyl ammonium anion exchange cartridge, then allowed to react with BF3 freshly prefor

231 rospot fluorescent assay with a microfluidic cartridge to achieve simultaneous goals of high analytic

232 osensor and an innovative LPS neutralization cartridge to be eventually combined in an all-integrated

233 ge of prestored reagents allows applying the cartridge to different target genes.

234 We show several examples of using this cartridge to perform rapid detection of clinically signi

235 ere packed into solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge to serve as tailor-made sorbents for the separ

236 Switching from the standard Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of

237 cations of switching from the existing Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge in different popu

238 rom consumer products such as inkjet printer cartridges to lab-on-a-chip diagnostic systems.

239 three stages: (i) disassembling the dialysis cartridges to obtain the required parts, (ii) assembling

240 carbapenem resistance genes using GeneXpert cartridges to the results of culture with and without a

241 l biosensor integrated with a reagent-loaded cartridge toward a portable device was developed.

242 er miniaturized into a single-use disposable cartridge type electrode system that would enable rapid

243 Multiple deployments of different cartridge types were undertaken and the recovery of P an

244 The cartridge uses an integrated antibody enrichment column

245 phase extraction (SPE) protocol on Oasis HLB cartridges using aqueous methanol as eluant.

246 ollagen/adenosine diphosphate (CADP) agonist cartridge, VerifyNow Aspirin assay (Accumetrics, Inc., S

247 extraction is carried out on commercial C18 cartridges via an optimized procedure that minimizes met

248 Moreover, while the absolute number of cartridges visited by the LMCs differed between the two

249 interval (CI): [Formula: see text], 18.4] in cartridge vs. e-liquid samples.

250 An ACFC cartridge was also heated to 175 degrees C for 900 cycle

251 The PSI cartridge was applied to the analysis of lidocaine from

252 s and multiple different targets on a single cartridge was demonstrated.

253 Further, a MIP based cartridge was designed to use in extraction process, nec

254 A prototype i-STAT cartridge was developed to utilize the monoclonal antibo

255 The cartridge was filled with transport media (TM) (sealed a

256 A silicon tube reagent-loaded cartridge was integrated into the system, a complicated

257 tandard Xpert cartridge with the Xpert Ultra cartridge was projected to avert 0.5 TB deaths (95% unce

258 After the cartridge was rinsed with tetrahydrofuran and water, (18

259 rly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) cartridge was successfully applied to the food matrices

260 A Sr-resin extraction chromatographic cartridge was used for matrix removal and purification o

261 SPE cartridge was used to further cleanup prior to HPLC-FLD

262 The mean density of vGAT+/CB+ cartridges was 2.7-fold higher, exclusively in layer 2 o

263 A final clean up via SPE on polyamide cartridges was also employed.

264 e (63)Zn was then trapped on a carboxymethyl cartridge, washed with water, and eluted with isotonic 4

265 and the PC embedded within the microfluidic cartridge, we demonstrate pg/mL-level limits of detectio

266 The internal assembled parts of each cartridge were analyzed by X-ray imaging, before dissemb

267 e recovery, and the eluted samples from each cartridge were analyzed separately to avoid overlapping

268 on by organic solvent and SPE with different cartridges were also tested.

269 isolates obtained with a use of PPL and C18 cartridges were characterized with higher content of ali

270 d-phase extraction (SPE) with Diol and C(18) cartridges were compared in terms of recovery and number

271 epheid Xpert HIV-1 Viral Load and HIV-1 Qual cartridges were compared with laboratory pVL assessment

272 r solid phase extraction (SPE), two OasisHLB cartridges were connected in-line to optimize recovery,

273 Materials and Methods Inkjet cartridges were filled with potassium iodide solutions (

274 es with the surface of microtiter plates and cartridges were investigated and 3-(2-pyridyldithio)prop

275 Two-hour air samples on Tenax TA and DNPH cartridges were taken in the morning, noon, and in the a

276 dermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the cartridges were used to enrich breast (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7

277 ompounds, obtaining better results when Diol cartridges were used.

278 e instrument is loaded with a DNA processing cartridge which incorporates on-board pumps and valves w

279 carried out on PDMS disposable microfluidic cartridges which require no external power for sample lo

280 The system comprises a cartridge, which houses the LFIA strip, and a smartphone

281 ourages the future development of disposable cartridges, which function with simple operation to repl

282 nneltron detector, in small, interchangeable cartridges, which plug into a 220 cm(3) vacuum chamber.

283 t is anticipated that the use of SAX and RAX cartridges will facilitate broad applications of identif

284 f the [(18)F]fluoride from an anion exchange cartridge with a basic solution of K(2)CO(3) or KHCO(3)

285 y and limit of detection are improved in the cartridge with an electrostatic lens and sheath gas mani

286 Using a simple filter-based cartridge with an integrated sample processing function,

287 A novel paper spray cartridge with an integrated solid phase extraction (SPE

288 The paper spray cartridge with integrated SPE could prove valuable for a

289 solvent composition, PLA conditioning of the cartridge with isopropanol, and solvent volume introduce

290 ran and water, (18)F-TFB was eluted from the cartridge with isotonic saline, passing through 3 neutra

291 We present a 3D printed filtration cartridge with microfabricated polymer filters with 8, 1

292 y elute [(18)F]fluoride from an ion exchange cartridge with over 90% efficiency.

293 egrating such an instrument and microfluidic cartridge with the forensic process, we believe it will

294 center setting, replacing the standard Xpert cartridge with the Xpert Ultra cartridge was projected t

295 Cartridges with and without a sheath gas manifold and an

296 eluted from small (10-12 mg) anion-exchange cartridges with solutions of tetraethylammonium bicarbon

297 actions onto a series of reversed phase trap cartridges with subsequent on-line analysis by mass spec

298 the transport metabolite carcinine in lamina cartridges, with its accumulation most intense in the ex

299 The axons of axo-axonic cells formed "axonal cartridges," with clustered varicosities that contacted

300 lens and sheath gas manifold compared to the cartridge without (15% and over 6.5x smaller, respective

301 and shapes for solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges without the need to use frits.