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1 en protein sequence and cyclisation reaction catalysed.
2 e to other small-molecule and polymerization catalyses.
3 new feature to exploit in other homogeneous catalyses.
7 Nature uses multinuclear metal clusters to catalyse a number of important multielectron redox react
8 Here we demonstrate a group of enzymes that catalyse a pericyclic [6+4] cycloaddition, which is a cr
10 yme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyses a light-dependent step in chlorophyll biosynth
11 e leader-side CRISPR repeat, and finally, it catalyses a nucleophilic attack that connects one strand
12 e, previously unknown in biology; the second catalyses a stereoselective hetero-Diels-Alder reaction.
16 n the remarkable efficiency of the ruthenium-catalysed alkene-alkyne coupling reaction between readil
19 that catalyse distinct reactions: one group catalyses an Alder-ene reaction that was, to our knowled
20 ing drug target N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyses an essential protein modification thought to o
21 erase (MaDA), from Morus cell cultures, that catalyses an intermolecular [4+2] cycloaddition to produ
22 yme from the biosynthesis of streptozotocin, catalyses an oxidative rearrangement of the guanidine gr
23 plinary public-private partnership that will catalyse and promote HIV cure research through diverse s
24 onstrate that a polarity-reversed photoredox-catalysed arene deoxyfluorination operating via cation r
25 recent progress in characterizing the enzyme-catalysed assembly of the H-cluster, including informati
27 alkyne has found broad utility via the Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition 'click' reaction(18
28 nto peptide oligomers via solid-phase copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SP-CuAAC) click re
29 inear splicing (typically on short exons) or catalyses back-splicing to generate circular RNA (on lon
30 es proposed in this work extend to palladium-catalysed benzylic substitution, demonstrating the gener
33 ides to locate complementary transcripts and catalyse both sequence-specific cis- and non-specific tr
35 s a eukaryotic DNA base modification that is catalysed by a divergent TET homologue and unexpectedly
36 ation of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine is catalysed by a family of dioxygenases, including indolea
39 lation is a reversible chemical modification catalysed by ADP-ribosyltransferases such as PARPs that
40 minal alkenes that does not occur naturally, catalysed by an 'ene' reductase using readily available
41 dration of n-octanaloxime to n-octanenitrile catalysed by an aldoxime dehydratase (OxdB) overexpresse
42 s suitable for various ketone substrates, is catalysed by an iridium/phosphine combination and is pro
43 de novo phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is catalysed by CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (P
46 e show that increased transamination, mainly catalysed by GOT1, leads to increased levels of 2-hydrox
47 mplexed with two substrate peptides that are catalysed by human TPST1 with significantly different ef
48 iosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is catalysed by mycolyl reductase encoded by the Rv2509 gen
50 osphatidylcholine to choline was found to be catalysed by phospholipase D enzymes from diverse member
51 seful insights into the cyclisation reaction catalysed by pinene synthase were obtained, including th
52 oly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is mainly catalysed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), whose
53 s to synthesize omega-3 esters from chia oil catalysed by polyethylene glycol-modified lipases using
55 00A4 to the NM myosin heavy chain, which was catalysed by RhoA GTPase via the RhoA-binding protein, r
57 e paternal pronucleus after fertilization is catalysed by SUV39H2 and that pericentromeric RNAs inhib
58 ns into the bacterial outer membrane (OM) is catalysed by the beta-barrel assembly machinery (BAM).
59 h is essential in eukaryotes and archaea, is catalysed by the Box C/D RNP complex in an RNA-guided ma
60 he second messenger cAMP, whose synthesis is catalysed by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5), which
63 e research of a generation of ecologists was catalysed by the recognition that the number and identit
65 ividual ribosomal subunits-a process that is catalysed by this universally conserved initiation facto
68 e-promoted alpha-hydroxyketone rearrangement catalysed by vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases to accou
70 -derived cytosine base editors (DdCBEs) that catalyse C*G-to-T*A conversions in human mtDNA with high
73 overview of the recent development in copper-catalysed C-C, C-N, C-B, C-Si and C-F bond-forming react
75 plex activates H2 under mild conditions, and catalyses C-H hydride abstraction plus H2 generation fro
76 We show how MT enzymes can utilise cxSAM to catalyse carboxymethylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline (T
77 selected fit with induced fit mechanisms to catalyse collagen unwinding prior to cleavage of individ
80 electron reduction of CO2 for the photoredox-catalysed continuous flow synthesis of alpha-amino acids
82 nstrate that MavC is a transglutaminase that catalyses covalent linkage of ubiquitin to Lys(92) and L
84 Whereas advances in the related field of Pd-catalysed cross-coupling have been driven by ligand desi
93 applications of transition metal/photoredox-catalysed cross-coupling, thermal/photosensitized radica
94 ose a class of phosphines that enable the Ni-catalysed Csp(3) Suzuki coupling of acetals with boronic
96 ggest a pathway that involves an uncommon Pd-catalysed dearomatization of the benzyl moiety followed
98 ndo-beta(1 -> 4)-mannanases (endomannanases) catalyse degradation of beta-mannans, an abundant class
99 established methods such as transition metal-catalysed dehydrocoupling, which only yield P-monosubsti
100 polymeric polyphenols, before and after acid-catalysed depolymerisation in the presence of a nucleoph
101 s homologue from the paraherquamide pathway) catalyse diastereo- and enantioselective cyclization in
102 demonstrate that cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) can catalyse Diels-Alder reactions for a number of substitut
103 Polycomb Repressive Complexes PRC1 and PRC2 catalyse distinct chromatin modifications to enforce gen
104 f two homologous groups of pericyclases that catalyse distinct reactions: one group catalyses an Alde
106 cognate RDFs to create single proteins that catalyse efficient attL x attR recombination in vivo and
107 eading step it is necessary to visualize GTP-catalysed elongation, which has remained a challenge(2-4
109 stereocentres by forging a C-C bond via a Pd-catalysed enantioselective Heck reaction of acyclic alke
111 xpected zwitterionic intermediate where MalC catalyses enantioselective cycloaddition as a bifunction
113 gh the merger of light-driven, decatungstate-catalysed hydrogen atom transfer and copper catalysis.
117 terconversion of phosphoglycerate isomers is catalysed in numerous pathogenic microorganisms by a cof
118 lone Diels-Alderase has been demonstrated to catalyse intermolecular Diels-Alder transformations.
119 ere we report a cationic iridium system that catalyses intermolecular hydroamination of a range of un
120 phiphilic imine dissolved in chloroform that catalyses its own formation by bringing together a hydro
122 tation serve to activate surface adsorbates, catalysing key elementary processes (namely formate conv
124 he formation of NVOFAs was related to lipase catalysed lipid hydrolysis and the formation of volatile
125 ogen Shewanella oneidensis can control metal-catalysed living radical polymerizations under apparent
127 ity that is orthogonal to conventional metal-catalysed manifolds, diverse aryl and heteroaryl partner
129 ing confirmed the existence of acid and base-catalysed mechanisms for dimer decomposition and the str
130 ling mechanistic uncertainties in human P450-catalysed metabolism of the immunomodulatory drug leflun
131 port a versatile and rapid metallaphotoredox-catalysed method for late-stage installation of both tri
133 dried milk can be used directly in alkaline-catalysed methylation, whereas direct transesterificatio
134 PRC2 is a histone-modifying complex that catalyses methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27m
135 of acetate release, it was shown that AnCDA catalyses mono-deacetylation of (GlcNAc)2 and full deace
136 stingly, we have identified two enzymes that catalyse NEIL1 polyubiquitylation, Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligas
137 alth systems' progress toward new goals, and catalysing new forms of civil society engagement in the
138 ave developed iron sulfide nanoclusters that catalyse nitric oxide generation from benign sodium nitr
139 rucial for rhizobial enzyme nitrogenase that catalyses nitrogen fixation, but the SM iron transporter
141 n tension development in airway SM tissue by catalysing NM myosin filament assembly, and that the int
144 the occurrence and formation of peroxygenase catalysed non-volatile oxidised fatty acids (NVOFAs), es
145 io entities at anode to produce bioenergy by catalysing organic substrates while some systems convert
146 ration of red-fluorescent resorufin from LPO catalysed oxidation of Amplex(R) Red (1-(3,7-dihydroxyph
148 e intermediacy of Co(IV)-O species in cobalt-catalysed oxidation of organic substrates as well as in
149 catalysed oxidation of hypoxanthine, and PAO catalysed oxidation of spermine, was coupled to horserad
152 (PHD 1, 2 and 3) to signal oxygen levels by catalysing oxygen regulated prolyl hydroxylation of the
153 ed as such in either abiotic or proto-enzyme-catalysed pathways to DNA, as demonstrated by its conver
158 ubixanthin and (all-E)-lycopene using iodine-catalysed photoisomerisation showed that the (5'Z)-isome
159 hypothesized to be the Na(+) /Pi symporters catalysing Pi uptake in chlorophytes, whereas PHOSPHATE
161 urrently achievable only in transition-metal-catalysed processes and requires halogen- or boron-conta
165 ology depends on cullin-RING E3 ligase (CRL)-catalysed protein ubiquitylation(1), which is tightly co
169 tent complex formed via an initiation-factor-catalysed reaction has precluded an understanding of the
171 Harnessing these cooperative interactions to catalyse reactions in synthetic systems, however, remain
173 elease approach in which glycosyltransferase-catalysed reactions are performed in solution and produc
174 erization, wherein a series of enzymatically catalysed reactions is employed to generate secondary me
175 ngs are likely to be relevant to all RING E3 catalysed reactions ligating ubiquitin and other ubiquit
176 deoxygenation, oxidation, reforming and acid-catalysed reactions, spanning a broad spectrum of substr
178 Here, we demonstrate that these enzymes can catalyse redox-neutral radical cyclizations to produce e
180 of three known light-dependent enzymes(4,5), catalyses reduction of the photosensitizer and substrate
181 anism, we recently found that EREDs can also catalyse reductive dehalogenations and cyclizations via
184 cols for fixation, nucleic acid staining and catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybri
185 oal we describe a new bacteria-mediated iron-catalysed reversible deactivation radical polymerisation
187 ted nuclease-deficient CRISPR-Cas systems to catalyse RNA-guided integration of mobile genetic elemen
188 erstanding of the optical properties of self-catalysed (SC), zinc blende (ZB) dominant, nanowires (NW
189 iew the rapidly expanding field of ruthenium catalysed sigma-activation as a tool in the selective me
191 ms of human copper chaperone for SOD1 (hCCS)-catalysed SOD1 activation based on crystal structures of
193 and define paracrystalline surfaces able to catalyse specific enantioselective chemical reactions.
194 onine (SAM)-dependent enzyme, LepI, that can catalyse stereoselective dehydration followed by three p
195 cal characterization has shown that LepI can catalyse stereoselective dehydration to yield a reactive
198 e (pyro)phosphate binding site are unable to catalyse subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation of the fla
202 cyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which not only catalyse the attachment of cognate amino acids to their
203 cosylation, a series of glycosyltransferases catalyse the biosynthesis of a dolichylpyrophosphate-lin
204 ses represent a large family of enzymes that catalyse the biosynthesis of oligosaccharides, polysacch
205 Escherichia coli (E. coli) was engineered to catalyse the cleavage of 2'-FL into L-fucose and lactose
206 gap between military and civilian actors to catalyse the contributions of all participants to enhanc
207 2 and ME3) are oxidative decarboxylases that catalyse the conversion of malate to pyruvate and are es
209 ilaments, which search for homology and then catalyse the exchange of the complementary strand, formi
210 acylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) 1 and 2 catalyse the final step in triacylglycerol (TAG) synthes
211 tase (MCR) has been originally identified to catalyse the final step of the methanogenesis pathway.
213 This Minireview focuses on enzymes which catalyse the insertion of an oxygen atom into the substr
214 (gamma-TuRCs), multi-protein complexes that catalyse the kinetically unfavourable formation of new m
215 ine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs) catalyse the methylation of a vast array of small metabo
216 hment of multidisciplinary collaborations to catalyse the opportunities offered by current and future
217 NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4), an enzyme known to catalyse the oxidation of NAD(P)H, is upregulated when p
220 deploy molecular oxygen as a co-substrate to catalyse the post-translational hydroxylation of specifi
221 synthase from Thalictrum flavum (TfNCS) can catalyse the PSR between dopamine and unactivated ketone
222 glue degraders act substoichiometrically to catalyse the rapid depletion of previously inaccessible
223 Here we report f-block complexes that can catalyse the reduction and functionalization of molecula
224 Eukaryotic box C/D small nucleolar (sno)RNPs catalyse the site-specific 2-O-methylation of ribosomal
225 The chloride ions and the AuNPs present catalyse the starch-amylase reaction on the PANI surface
227 On binding to DNA, cGAS is activated to catalyse the synthesis of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from GT
228 nzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs) catalyse the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-coenzym
229 al analyses determine that these two enzymes catalyse the transfer of PEA from the donor PE lipid sub
232 invasions endured by organisms for eons have catalysed the evolution of gene-regulatory networks.
237 ase (ACLY) is a central metabolic enzyme and catalyses the ATP-dependent conversion of citrate and co
238 ng enzyme (CMD1) that is a TET homologue and catalyses the conjugation of a glyceryl moiety to the me
240 nsists of a self-labelling enzyme tag, which catalyses the covalent linking of exogenously supplement
242 n target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythy
243 terbacterial toxin, which we name DddA, that catalyses the deamination of cytidines within dsDNA.
244 ma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism as it catalyses the decarboxylation of glutamic acid to form G
245 ession of fumC, which encodes an enzyme that catalyses the degradatin of fumarate, an inhibitor of gl
247 cy of NSD1, a histone methyltransferase that catalyses the dimethylation of histone H3 at K36 (H3K36m
249 The enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) catalyses the distal step in LTB4 synthesis and hence in
251 cy of glucose-6-phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyses the final step of gluconeogenesis and glycogen
252 radation of the essential enzyme MurA, which catalyses the first committed step in PG biosynthesis.
253 osphate- and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyses the first step in the biosynthesis of branched
255 mplex with RNMT-activating miniprotein (RAM) catalyses the formation of a N7-methylated guanosine cap
258 lmethionine (SAM)-dependent pericyclase that catalyses the formation of the 2-pyridone natural produc
259 is the only known E3 ubiquitin ligase which catalyses the generation of linear ubiquitin linkages de
260 of Abeta) fibrils, fibrillar alpha-synuclein catalyses the heterogeneous nucleation of Abeta42 aggreg
262 aspartate/asparagine-beta-hydroxylase (AspH) catalyses the hydroxylation of Asp/Asn-residues in epide
263 nd inactive 'open' conformations, and TRIP13 catalyses the inactivating conformational change, thereb
265 s benzoate and cyclohexane-1-carboxylate and catalyses the novel synthesis of benzoate and cyclohexan
267 (6) f occurs via the quinol (Q) cycle, which catalyses the oxidation of plastoquinol (PQH(2)) and the
269 hat mediate lipid peroxidation, whereas FSP1 catalyses the regeneration of CoQ(10) using NAD(P)H.
270 ntified a non-canonical cytochrome P450 that catalyses the remarkable ring expansion reaction that is
272 Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT) catalyses the second step of the Kennedy pathway for tri
273 d previously to reduce CO(2) to primarily CO-catalyses the six-electron reduction of CO(2) to methano
275 (cGAS) is a double-stranded DNA sensor that catalyses the synthesis of the cyclic dinucleotide cycli
276 Apolipoprotein N-acyl transferase (Lnt) catalyses the third step in this pathway, whereby it tra
278 sequently, this suggests that lithium may be catalysing the activity of endogenous mechanisms that pr
279 on in airway SM and regulates contraction by catalysing the assembly of integrin-associated adhesome
281 mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme capable of catalysing the C-S bond formation and sulfoxidation, her
282 y known as the first enzymes of translation, catalysing the conjugation of amino acids to cognate tRN
283 ylase enzyme (HDC), which is responsible for catalysing the decarboxylation of histidine to histamine
284 lay, optimising therapeutic trial design and catalysing the development of disease-modifying therapy.
286 eoside-5'-triphosphate (dNTP) homeostasis by catalysing the hydrolysis of dNTPs into 2'-deoxynucleosi
287 blish that the PPKs are directly involved in catalysing the photoactivated-phy-induced phosphorylatio
290 oride salts are significantly more active in catalysing the SuFEx reaction compared to organosuperbas
292 eless, the microorganisms and reactions that catalyse this process have to date remained unknown(8).
294 (ADP-ribosyl)ation and the major enzyme that catalyses this reaction, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (
295 ide acquisition steps in this pathway can be catalysed through a direct interaction with the copper c
297 tionarily conserved Elongator complex, which catalyses translational elongation through tRNA modifica
298 dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) family catalyse two-electron redox reactions pivotal to the dis
299 scher indole synthesis, we report an iridium-catalysed tyrosinase-like approach to catechols, employi