ライフサイエンスコーパス: catalytic

1 talytic and the C-terminal Pol module is non-catalytic.

2 This method represents the first example of catalytic 1,2-diarylation of an alkene directed by a nat

3 ric synthesis of chiral cyclohexanones via a catalytic [4+2] cycloaddition.

4 provides a proof of concept for fundamental catalytic action of the hollow nanoreactors.

5 nzyme variants) that may hide yet unexplored catalytic activities and selectivity.

6 However, the origin of the outstanding catalytic activities and structural changes of the mater

7 , yielded a panel of optoPLDs whose range of catalytic activities enables mimicry of endogenous, phys

8 hat the Mo(2)N nanobelt cathodes had similar catalytic activities for H(2) evolution compared to that

9 ysis shed light on the origins of the varied catalytic activities found in metazoan CCDs, opening the

10 owever, nonhistone substrates and additional catalytic activities of SIRT6, including long-chain deac

11 ailor both the electronic structures and the catalytic activities of the nanohybrid structures.

12 with binding ability to specific targets and catalytic activities to gain signals are known to be ide

13 id metals render this possible as they offer catalytic activity and an ultrasmooth templating interfa

14 The clear enhancement of catalytic activity and stability of the material as comp

15 A trade-off between catalytic activity and structural stability generally ex

16 effect of disulfide formation on PKARIalpha catalytic activity and subcellular localization, live-ce

17 hat the examined domain supports Pol epsilon catalytic activity and symmetric movement of replication

18 idues involved in metal ion binding impaired catalytic activity and the formation of active hexamers.

19 Although inhibition of PDE3A catalytic activity did not account for DNMDP sensitivity

20 We evaluated their catalytic activity in ascorbate oxidation based on redox

21 nd 3'-nucleotide overhangs negate Cas9/sgRNA catalytic activity in vivo.

22 The catalytic activity of CTK-1 is required for such a respo

23 genetic or pharmacological abolition of the catalytic activity of HDAC3.

24 Moreover, we demonstrate that the catalytic activity of Integrator cleaves nascent capped

25 gs highlight an important, but unrecognized, catalytic activity of mineral nanoparticles produced by

26 cle, and both these functions require CW and catalytic activity of MORC4.

27 The catalytic activity of the protease MALT1 is required for

28 er-1003 after DNA damage, which enhances the catalytic activity of USP52.

29 ecently demonstrated that DspB has increased catalytic activity on de-N-acetylated PNAG oligosacchari

30 chemical adsorption with active species and catalytic activity promotes conversion processes, suppre

31 nding of how protein structure can influence catalytic activity remains elusive.

32 distribution (in micro- vs. mesopores), and catalytic activity suggest nearly invariant structure an

33 phase olefin metathesis and exhibited higher catalytic activity than the corresponding catalysts synt

34 uclear NAD(+) synthase, which directs PARP-1 catalytic activity to Glu and Asp residues.

35 f the gamma-secretase complex as well as its catalytic activity toward its substrate Notch, a critica

36 enzymes often show dramatic changes in their catalytic activity when subjected to chemically similar

37 PKM2, we used TEPP-46, which increases PKM2 catalytic activity while inhibiting any PKM2 signalling

38 eet morphology and regulate external surface catalytic activity while preserving micro- and mesoporos

39 Phe-316 and Tyr-766 variants retained catalytic activity, albeit with altered kinetics and coo

40 al understanding of all processes leading to catalytic activity, i.e., light absorption, charge separ

41 es occupy target sites independently of PRC1 catalytic activity, providing a putative mechanism for P

42 Importantly, despite the absence of catalytic activity, PTPRU binds substrates of related ph

43 gests that Ca(2+) binding is relevant to the catalytic activity.

44 (-1) , as well as good stability and durable catalytic activity.

45 tidine residues that play a critical role in catalytic activity.

46 ycomb-mediated gene repression requires PRC1 catalytic activity.

47 roperties of different components to promote catalytic activity.

48 omains with the kinase core, thus preventing catalytic activity.

49 inhibitor GTP binding and inhibition of GDH catalytic activity. We further show that the binding of

50 ical for activity and provides a significant catalytic advantage over a cysteine disulfide.

51 APA1 (encoding Ral GTPase activating protein catalytic alpha subunit 1) in four unrelated individuals

52 an AMPK is a heterotrimeric complex, and its catalytic alpha subunit exists in 2 isoforms: AMPKalpha1

53 s and produced more glucose than floxed AMPK catalytic alpha1 and alpha2 mice after long-term metform

54 ce with liver-specific knockout of both AMPK catalytic alpha1 and alpha2 subunits exhibited significa

55 This catalytic amination follows an unprecedented metalloradi

56 n, interatomic distances, and positioning of catalytic amino acids to rationalize the underlying elec

57 Here, we show that catalytic amounts of an appropriate earth-abundant iron-

58 This reaction employs catalytic amounts of selenium in the form of phosphine s

59 PPARalpha through a mechanism requiring the catalytic AMPKalpha2 subunit and SIRT1, two known activa

60 ven-residue peptides that form hemin-binding catalytic amyloids to facilitate enantioselective cyclop

61 B-family Pols; the N-terminal Pol module is catalytic and the C-terminal Pol module is non-catalytic

62 ng such architectures for a broader range of catalytic applications.

63 f plasmepsin V and a histidine in place of a catalytic aspartate in plasmepsin III.

64 ional analysis of ALG6 variants identified a catalytic aspartate residue that probably acts as a gene

65 ontrolling factors of two recently developed catalytic asymmetric Diels-Alder (DA) reactions of cinna

66 own in nature and one for which there are no catalytic asymmetric examples.

67 ts lay the foundation for the development of catalytic asymmetric reactions involving these classical

68 Catalytic, asymmetric Co/Cr-mediated iodoallylation is a

69 Indeed, allosteric but not catalytic AURKA inhibitors sensitize cancer cells to inh

70 a nonhydrolytic reaction mechanism when the catalytic base aspartic acid is missing, as is the case

71 electrochemical platform to characterize the catalytic behavior of NDH-2 from Caldalkalibacillus ther

72 We report here the remarkable and non-catalytic beneficial effects of a Ni(II) ion binding to

73 he binding to phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic beta (PIK4CB).

74 sp(2)-sp(3) and sp(3)-sp(3) carbon bonds via catalytic beta-scission of aliphatic alcohol derivatives

75 This results in the formation of a catalytic bimetallic site for the hydrolytic cleavage of

76 To show the synthetic utility of the catalytic C-C activation of less strained substrates, de

77 odes to probe the various paths of reductive catalytic C-O bond cleavage among functionalized aryl et

78 rst moment in which early RNA molecules with catalytic capability began their evolutionary path towar

79 PA), where the amide group is flanked by two catalytic carboxyls, reveals key mechanistic information

80 Catalytic cascade reactions represent a powerful means o

81 the upper substrate size limit by improving catalytic cavity access.

82 ructural changes in OAS1 that reorganize its catalytic center to promote synthesis of 2'-5'-oligoaden

83 wo zinc ions instead of two iron ions in the catalytic center, and as a result, the enzymes are inact

84 lacement of acidic residues precisely at the catalytic centre but also seems to have binding function

85 The assembly of this catalytic centre is essential for the addition of ADP-ri

86 then translated effectively into control of catalytic competence of the organocatalysts without dire

87 ry chain in human cell lines depleted of the catalytic complex IV subunit COX1 or COX2.

88 l redox states of the reductase CntB and the catalytic component CntA were investigated based on muta

89 when the tQCUG gene is deleted, or Elp3, the catalytic component of the Elongator complex is missing.

90 ectroscopy data generated under illuminated, catalytic conditions demonstrate a surprising lack of co

91 ic and life-cycle analyses are presented for catalytic conversion of ethanol to fungible hydrocarbon

92 sing analogous methods to manipulate biomass catalytic conversion pathways during the upgrading of ca

93 o unwrap, which facilitates insertion of the catalytic core between the histone octamer and the unwra

94 SrrB and present the structure of the DHp-CA catalytic core.

95 ydrolysis to conformational changes of their catalytic core.

96 mational changes synergistically configure a catalytic CRL architecture that is both robust, to enabl

97 Catalytic cross-coupling can then furnish the desired Z-

98 -dependence of ATP hydrolysis and blocks the catalytic cycle after formation of the aspartyl phosphat

99 To elucidate their catalytic cycle and inhibitory mechanism, we report 11 x

100 reverse transcriptase (TERT) throughout its catalytic cycle and mapped the active site residues resp

101 sity functional theory studies, we propose a catalytic cycle for the process that is facilitated by m

102 ion of a catalyst, which introduces a second catalytic cycle into the metabolic network, was used to

103 of intermediate steps are minimized and the catalytic cycle is devoid of high transition-state barri

104 e key intermediates, their relevance for the catalytic cycle of [FeFe] hydrogenase, and novel strateg

105 energy barrier of rate-limiting steps of the catalytic cycle of Ca(2+) transport.

106 teine thiols to a disulfide bond, during the catalytic cycle of the N-terminal domain of the key bact

107 hematite surface oxygen first, followed by a catalytic cycle through a molecular-dioxygen-assisted pa

108 bond-breaking and bond-forming steps of the catalytic cycle to enable the use of many previously ine

109 the breakdown of the last relevant directed catalytic cycle within a dynamical system.

110 itory effect by the carboxylate anion on the catalytic cycle, whereas 2-ethyl hexanoate minimizes thi

111 al intermediate to the Ir(IV) species in the catalytic cycle.

112 an external force that is adjusted within a catalytic cycle.

113 ly capture the reaction intermediates in its catalytic cycle.

114 al for the two electron transfers within the catalytic cycle.

115 The first step in several catalytic cycles is P-H oxidative addition to yield inte

116 formed via the connection of two unexpected catalytic cycles, with acetate being only the precatalys

117 rotection against excessive oxidation of the catalytic cysteines in Cd-MsrB through intra- and interm

118 onstrated the stability of the catalyst; the catalytic degradation ratio of NOF reached 78% after fiv

119 imental and theoretical investigation of the catalytic dehydration of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) used t

120 se enzymes contain two functional domains: a catalytic domain and a C-terminal ricin-like lectin doma

121 strand machinery via an interaction with the catalytic domain of DNA Pol e.

122 Here we report the structure of the catalytic domain of human MANEA and complexes with subst

123 sensitivity, we found that expression of the catalytic domain of PDE3A in cancer cells lacking PDE3A

124 We identify that a fusion of the catalytic domain of TET1 to dCas9 targeted to the CDKL5

125 an activating mutation (p.Asp769Tyr) in the catalytic domain of the ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase i

126 ugar-binding pockets spatially closer to the catalytic domain play a major role in the control of pro

127 ious reports have demonstrated that the TET2 catalytic domain remains active independently of the N-t

128 e (Sec) residue, revealed a thioredoxin-fold catalytic domain supplemented with an unstructured Omega

129 wo Ca(2+)-binding motifs inserted within the catalytic domain.

130 the EF domain and the conserved core of the catalytic domain.

131 h is predisposed to interact with its parent catalytic domain.

132 Overexpression of human TET catalytic domains (hTETCDs) from the TET family members,

133 interactions are entirely independent of the catalytic domains and are mediated by ionic interactions

134 rboring KR1 was engineered, whose individual catalytic domains have been crystallographically charact

135 e binding of the herbicide either at or near catalytic domains or in regions affecting access to them

136 membrane helix, and two tandem intracellular catalytic domains referred to as D1 and D2.

137 Cps1B consists of two catalytic domains, as well as a domain rich in tetratric

138 ovalently interacting with the PDE6 GAFa and catalytic domains.

139 vocally assigned to the second of the tandem catalytic domains.

140 prevents dimerization and activation of the catalytic domains.

141 predominant source of plasma sDPP4 following catalytic DPP4 inhibition.

142 e theoretical predictions have confirmed the catalytic effect and the estimated kinetic data point ou

143 with and without FBS, but FBS amplified the catalytic effect of 100 nM sCAR nearly 3-fold.

144 Our calculations show that the catalytic effect of water vapor is not observable at 200

145 The catalytic efficiency of TET enzymes is known to be enhan

146 f these iron-sulfur clusters and compare the catalytic efficiency of wild-type (WT) Methylorubrum ext

147 kininogen (HK) to release bradykinin with a catalytic efficiency ~1500-fold lower than that of kalli

148 lay significantly reduced substrate binding, catalytic efficiency, and inhibitor binding.

149 In contrast, (Ss)RidA-2 had a generally low catalytic efficiency, but showed a relatively higher act

150 reductive elimination reaction with greater catalytic efficiency.

151 Herein, single-atom catalytic electrodes design for advanced battery systems

152 The development of catalytic enantioselective transformations, enabling the

153 ost such studies inhibited the highly potent catalytic enzyme for ACh, AChE, to facilitate measuremen

154 tion of the active site indicates that other catalytic features are not conserved, suggesting that th

155 Distinct catalytic features of the Poaceae TPS-a subfamily arose

156 HCs successfully accomplished the metal-free catalytic formylation of amides using CO(2) and the cata

157 our understanding of the oligomerization and catalytic function of OAS enzymes.

158 Spo7, a regulatory subunit required for Nem1 catalytic function, to identify residues that govern for

159 on of oligonucleotides long enough to encode catalytic functions is problematic due to the low effici

160 ying proteins that resemble enzymes have non-catalytic functions that regulate the assembly of epigen

161 on energy of reactions by performing several catalytic functions.

162 cleavage activity through flexibility of the catalytic HNH domain.

163 However, catalytic homocoupling proceeds smoothly in a "weakly co

164 uctures via a one-pot synthetic approach for catalytic hydrogen generation.

165 esigned architecture, semi-permeability, and catalytic improvement of carboxysomes have inspired rati

166 Catalytic-inactivating mutations within the Drosophila e

167 Furthermore, DOT1L loss, rather than its catalytic inactivation, causes defects in glial cell spe

168 Using a virus containing an EndoU catalytic-inactive mutation, we detected a higher abunda

169 G1, and demonstrate that allosteric but not catalytic inhibitors prevent the chromatin assembly of f

170 of assaying relevant activity and by the non-catalytic interactions of KDACs with cellular proteins.

171 e for the creation of a selective yet robust catalytic interface for heterogeneous electrocatalysts i

172 for rationally tuning the thermodynamics of catalytic intermediates broadly and for understanding ho

173 sm by promoting coordinative unsaturation in catalytic intermediates responsible for the heterolytic

174 workhorse transition-metal-based methods for catalytic intermolecular C-N coupling.

175 y, at the indole scaffold in the presence of catalytic iodine and air at 40 degrees C in the 1,1,1,3,

176 We report a catalytic, light-driven method for the intramolecular hy

177 een activated aryl halides and amines at low catalytic loading under metal-free conditions without th

178 zole core acts as an H-bond acceptor for the catalytic lysine (K745) in the "alphaC-helix out" inacti

179 possible solutions for improving these novel catalytic materials are also highlighted.

180 structural and functional data to unveil the catalytic mechanism in unprecedented detail, including t

181 These findings provide insight into the catalytic mechanism of ATP-grasp enzymes.

182 d acyl chains, and provides insight into the catalytic mechanism of enzymes within the MBOAT family(8

183 Although some aspects of the catalytic mechanism of the Msr enzymes have been reporte

184 The catalytic mechanism of the organic oxidases has been elu

185 of AaTPS and FgGS provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of this cryptic function.

186 ich do not provide information regarding the catalytic mechanism of this important enzyme.

187 tification of intermediates, elucidating the catalytic mechanism of this multi-redox reaction on meta

188 The catalytic mechanism was studied by performing deuterium-

189 lyses reveal critical details of the Cd-MsrB catalytic mechanism, including a major structural rearra

190 We propose a general acid base-promoted catalytic mechanism, invoking direct nucleophilic attack

191 udy on VvAHGD sheds light on the diversified catalytic mechanisms and evolution of NAD(P)(+)-dependen

192 We cover the molecular architecture and catalytic mechanisms that distinguish SIRT6 from other N

193 romises to expand our understanding of their catalytic mechanisms.

194 will enable profound insights into nanoscale catalytic mechanisms.

195 ion across a newly designed electro-chemical catalytic membrane significantly reduces NO emissions.

196 d active site that positions the 5'SS at two catalytic metal ions.

197 The development of robust catalytic methods to assemble tertiary alkylamines provi

198 Weak binding of the catalytic Mg(2+) contributes to fidelity by sampling the

199 As a consequence, catalytic microgelators increased the gelation time by o

200 We also demonstrate that two copies of the catalytic module of poly(A) polymerase (PAP) are recruit

201 for studying, at the single particle level, catalytic nanomaterials and deactivation processes under

202 for specificity and catalysis including the catalytic nucleophile (Glu-297) and acid/base residue (G

203 However, the catalytic origin, especially the coordination structure

204 photo-thermo catalysis are achieved via the catalytic oxidation of propane (C(3) H(8) ) over a Pt/Ti

205 follow a similar protocol if supplemented by catalytic p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate.

206 timizes the dual enzymatic activities of the catalytic p261 subunit and makes the hPolepsilon holoenz

207 are the temporal signature of a low fidelity catalytic pathway.

208 3)(OAc)(6)] is found to be crucial for these catalytic pathways.

209 -doped carbon catalysts have shown promising catalytic performance for CO(2) electroreduction (CO(2)

210 sites endowed 1-OTf-Pd(NP) with outstanding catalytic performance in apparent hydrogenolysis of ethe

211 The catalytic performance is evident by the high Faradaic ef

212 The superior catalytic performance of Hf(12)-Ir-OTf over a mixture of

213 enzymes into the protein shell for enhanced catalytic performance.

214 emerged as an attractive approach to improve catalytic performance.

215 of alpha-synuclein and glutamine 111 in the catalytic pocket of CypA.

216 aride-binding site 20 angstrom away from the catalytic pocket was identified, and its potential parti

217 e backbone defines the size and shape of the catalytic pocket, while the pai-methyl-l-histidine (Pmh)

218 Pol32 are positioned off to the side of the catalytic Pol3-PCNA-DNA axis.

219 nase (AID) and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) mutagenesis over tim

220 dase, C45, we have recently demonstrated the catalytic potential of simple, de novo-designed heme pro

221 t a straightforward and efficient Pd/enamine catalytic procedure for the direct asymmetric alpha-ally

222 The approach entails the merger of several catalytic processes and is expected to facilitate the pr

223 the great potential of designing innovative catalytic processes for the direct conversion of alkanes

224 zing these connections to rationally improve catalytic processes involving hydride transfer are highl

225 h RNA transport and localization, supporting catalytic processes, storage and inheritance of specific

226 hat contain an electron donor results in the catalytic production of hydrogen with 170 +/- 5 turnover

227 -2 h is reported using inexpensive SA as the catalytic promoter of the reaction.

228 We conclude that the Rubisco catalytic properties found in streptophyte algae have co

229 support is then discussed in relation to the catalytic properties of Au-based monometallic and bimeta

230 e long-term impact of nitrogen oxides on the catalytic properties of the model catalysts.

231 MOF-PTU) composite material, maintaining the catalytic properties of the MOF and the flexibility of t

232 DN X, where the evolved constituents exhibit catalytic properties to cleave the hairpins in the libra

233 a catalyst, local electronic structure, and catalytic properties.

234 platform for directed evolution of protease catalytic properties.

235 f this mechanism to a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic protocol that enables the first cross-electrop

236 The catalytic R1 subunit contains an overall activity site t

237 in which a single C-H bond is exposed to the catalytic reaction center.

238 silylamines stands as the lone example of a catalytic reaction involving N(2) to form a product othe

239 By regulating the catalytic reaction parameters, benzoic acid or benzaldeh

240 The catalytic reactions are operationally simple, allowing b

241 Controlling the selectivity of catalytic reactions is a critical aspect of improving en

242 goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond

243 x, three-dimensional interplay among coupled catalytic redox reactions occurring in an EBFC-based sen

244 ic formylation of amides using CO(2) and the catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, including atmosph

245 In this review, direct catalytic reductive aldol and Mannich reactions are exha

246 here is a need for a comprehensive review on catalytic reductive aminations to discuss the potential

247 ydrogenase (OADH) remains obscure due to its catalytic redundancy with the ubiquitous OGDH-encoded 2-

248 silane oxidation extends nature's impressive catalytic repertoire.

249 el via the conformational changes of its two catalytic residues Cys282 and Glu248.

250 tions are the only known methods to generate catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) that do not exist in nature.

251 We highlight the catalytic role that a rapidly growing number of contempo

252 ch isolated atoms of other elements play key catalytic roles.

253 ly responsible for substrate specificity and catalytic selectivity of C4H.

254 HRM-bound heme is readily transferred to the catalytic site for degradation to facilitate turnover bu

255 of dual inhibitor recognition involving the catalytic site in both enzymes.

256 onstrate that Endosidin20 (ES20) targets the catalytic site of CESA6 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thal

257 the formation of which is suppressed in the catalytic site of most DNA polymerases.

258 g binding of trans-resveratrol to the CpLIP2 catalytic site via electrostatic and hydrophobic forces.

259 ting a new composite surface adjacent to the catalytic site.

260 he nucleotide monophosphate product from the catalytic site.

261 AD+ in an allosteric location, away from the catalytic sites.

262 terlinking the inhibitor with regulatory and catalytic sites.

263 ld, there is compelling demand for a general catalytic solution that enables precise control of the C

264 inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) recruitment and activation,

265 lenging to identify inhibitors of the DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) with good selectivity versu

266 K), which comprises the KU heterodimer and a catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), is a classical non-homolog

267 zation with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs).

268 (R) domain by cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (PKA).

269 hese AHAS complexes form a core to which the catalytic subunit dimers are attached, adopting the shap

270 major differences in the interactions of the catalytic subunit Isw1 with the acidic pocket of nucleos

271 hic Arabidopsis thaliana mutant of the POL2A catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon and show tha

272 Presenilin 1 (PS1) is the catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase, an enzyme complex

273 ed expression of Cybb, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase gp91phox.

274 s of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2

275 Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2

276 n cells upon genetic ablation of METTL3 (the catalytic subunit of the major m(6)A methyltransferase c

277 de 3-kinase (PI3K) comprised of the p110beta catalytic subunit was recruited to the gB/EGFR complex d

278 opy (cryo-EM) structures of DNA-PKcs (DNA-PK catalytic subunit) bound to a DNA end or complexed with

279 matin remodeling complex, including its core catalytic subunit, SMARCA4.

280 distinct regulatory subunits with conserved catalytic subunits in holoenzyme complexes.

281 This enzyme consists of four catalytic subunits: biotin carboxylase (BC), carboxyltra

282 rmation of isopropanol were removed from the catalytic surface was observed to be higher following ke

283 The Ni-DBA-2D-COF catalytic system displays excellent recyclability and go

284 ategy to develop an innovative heterogeneous catalytic system with the most effective use of hydroxyl

285 ctride support still remain elusive for this catalytic system.

286 ysis, compared to the prior state-of-the-art catalytic system.

287 ort the development and application of three catalytic systems (two Pd-based and one Ni-based) for th

288 od for the quick identification of effective catalytic systems for copper-catalyzed C-N cross-couplin

289 ty models have been proposed for a number of catalytic systems, an organized collection of enantiocon

290 fied in investigations of these bio-inspired catalytic systems, with the latter proposed to be the ac

291 ydrocarbons, and maps a route towards future catalytic systems.

292 ation in Ni bipyridine- and diketonate-based catalytic systems.

293 ry conditions has been analyzed in detail by catalytic tests, in situ FTIR and transient studies usin

294 tep, and recent progress in developing novel catalytic transformations involving P-C bond formation.

295 ularly attractive for the development of new catalytic transformations, tandem processes in particula

296 ment bi-bi mechanism involving a Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad and unconventionally uses an Arg residue

297 we found that both OTUB1 and OTUB2 display a catalytic triad characteristic of proteases but differ i

298 nsfer of charges to the reaction centres and catalytic turnover, but also understanding degradation p

299 r-sphere protonolysis reactions required for catalytic turnover.

300 allowed the sound elucidation of a plausible catalytic working mode.