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1 tivities of hominoids and Old World monkeys (catarrhines).
2 rived feature linking the species with crown catarrhines.
3  or the relationship of early stem and crown catarrhines.
4 fered to account for the loss of alphaGal in catarrhines.
5 al-positive catarrhines by alphaGal-negative catarrhines.
6 aving become a pseudogene in the stem of the catarrhines.
7 ence of positive selection during descent of catarrhines.
8  class I are highly diverged, but within the catarrhines, a stepwise co-evolution of MHC class I and
9 d proximal femur of the early Oligocene stem catarrhine Aegyptopithecus to investigate the evolution
10 lci of the frontal lobe not seen in the stem catarrhine Aegyptopithecus, as well as a distinctive cer
11 thmofrontal sinus in an early Oligocene stem catarrhine, Aegyptopithecus zeuxis.
12 enetic elements were found in primates: CAS (catarrhine ancestor of snaR), limited to Old World Monke
13 ger anthropoid primates-notably the earliest catarrhine ancestors of Old World monkeys and apes.
14  and venomous snakes for differences between catarrhine and platyrrhine primate visual systems.
15 taining propliopithecines and Miocene-Recent catarrhines and are not most closely related to Proteopi
16 ssible link between diversification of crown catarrhines and changes in the African landscape brought
17 e time of the divergence of platyrrhines and catarrhines and established itself as a repeat family in
18 ies of GH gene duplications that occurred in catarrhines and platyrrhines (i.e., the roles played by
19  comparative material, 105 atlases of extant catarrhines and platyrrhines were included.
20 G arose in an early ancestor of anthropoids (catarrhines and platyrrhines), and GGTA1 itself became a
21 more derived than previously described small catarrhines and Proconsul.
22  were evident in the early evolution of both catarrhines and, to a lesser extent, platyrrhines.
23 o that of anthropoids (New World monkeys and catarrhines) and that of catarrhines (Old World monkeys
24 e seen only in some highly dimorphic Miocene catarrhines), and the crania of female Aegyptopithecus l
25 ion evolved independently in platyrrhine and catarrhine anthropoids, and the relative brain size of t
26 sity has been recognised among early Miocene catarrhines (apes, Old World monkeys, and their extinct
27 uch as the placement of proconsulids as stem catarrhines are considered more likely.
28 ase activity had to first evolve in the stem catarrhines before GGTA1 inactivation could occur.
29  leading to functional gamma genes of extant catarrhines (both gamma1 and gamma2) and platyrrhines (m
30 n platyrrhines, i.e., New World monkeys, and catarrhines but not in prosimians.
31  fetal in the other major simian branch, the catarrhines, but embryonic in prosimian primates and non
32 lerated the replacement of alphaGal-positive catarrhines by alphaGal-negative catarrhines.
33           Here we describe and analyse seven catarrhine capitates from the Tinderet Miocene sequence
34   The evolutionary rate of coding DNA in the catarrhine clade (Old World monkey and ape, including hu
35 sis shows that Saadanius is an advanced stem catarrhine close to the base of the hominoid-cercopithec
36 urred at least 35-45 million years ago, when Catarrhines diverged from Platyrrhines (New World monkey
37 e (55 million years ago) and the platyrrhine-catarrhine divergence (35 million years ago).
38                           Next, we estimated catarrhine divergence dates on the basis of platyrrhine
39 ses about the ancestral morphotype for crown catarrhines, early catarrhine phylogeny and the age of h
40 acial features evolved multiple times during catarrhine evolution.
41                             Humans and crown catarrhines evolved with the inability to synthesize the
42  characterized advanced stem and basal crown catarrhines, expression of various allegedly "discrete"
43                Postcranial anatomy of extant catarrhines falls into two distinct groups, particularly
44  MRCA less than 21 Ma is concordant with the catarrhine fossil record.
45                         The absence of crown catarrhine fossils older than approximately 20 million y
46 nd may date back to before the divergence of Catarrhines from Platyrrhines, 35 mya.
47                                              Catarrhine gamma(1) and gamma(2) acquired longer distanc
48 deret sample to equal or exceed large extant catarrhine groups in this metric, demonstrating greater
49 n the two groups of anthropoid primates, the catarrhines (hominoids, cercopithecoids) and platyrrhine
50  divergence between the two groups of extant catarrhines-hominoids (apes and humans) and Old World mo
51                                              Catarrhine (humans, apes, and Old World monkeys) and pla
52 ints within the last 25 million years of the catarrhine (i.e., hominoid and Old World monkey) evoluti
53 r a stem hominoid or as a pliopithecoid stem catarrhine (i.e., preceding the cercopithecoid-hominoid
54                      The divergence of crown catarrhines-i.e., the split of cercopithecoids (Old Worl
55 o reevaluate the role played by small-bodied catarrhines in ape evolution and provides key insight in
56 ods have found very rapid snake detection in catarrhines, including humans, to date no studies have e
57 ese factors in producing facial diversity in catarrhines is not known.
58 cleavage of HEMO-that appeared in the simian catarrhine lineage 30 to 45 Mya, and enabled interaction
59 election was especially pronounced along the catarrhine lineage to hominoids in which the nonsynonymo
60 8-week-old neurons, in primates spanning the catarrhine lineage, including Macaca mulatta, Gorilla go
61 ologically and behaviorally diverse clade of catarrhine monkeys that have experienced hybridization b
62 nated before the divergence of hominoids and catarrhine monkeys, and harbors strong signal for geneti
63 t because derived features that define crown catarrhines need not be present in early members of thes
64 tyrrhines (New World monkeys) and another in catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes).
65  in platyrrhines (New World monkeys) than in catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including human
66 w World monkeys and catarrhines) and that of catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including human
67 to both platyrrhines (New World monkeys) and catarrhines (Old World monkeys and hominoids).
68 ight well have contributed in a major way to catarrhine origins.
69 t have been previously reported in mouse and Catarrhines (OWMs, chimpanzee, and humans) and found tha
70 tral morphotype for crown catarrhines, early catarrhine phylogeny and the age of hominoid-cercopithec
71 been important oral members since before the catarrhine-platyrrhine split ca. 40 Mya.
72 f anthropoid primates (New World monkeys and catarrhines), possibly setting the stage for loss of the
73 enetic regulatory changes in human and other catarrhine primate brains.
74    The systematic status of the small-bodied catarrhine primate Pliobates cataloniae, from the Miocen
75 t mammals, alphaGal is not normally found in catarrhine primates (Old World monkeys and apes, includi
76 consistent scenario for the evolution of the catarrhine primates - the hominoids and Old World monkey
77      We measured the molar dentition for 608 catarrhine primates and collected data on prenatal growt
78 r, HML-2 proviruses are found throughout the catarrhine primates, and it is possible that they contin
79 ts and their close relatives from most other catarrhine primates, in whom karyotype is highly conserv
80  chimpanzees, and orangutans is ancestral in catarrhine primates.
81 ss mammals, and is particularly prevalent in catarrhine primates.
82 graphic and ecological pressures across four catarrhine radiations.
83            We suggest Rangwapithecus as this catarrhine's identity, and posit expression of derived,
84 f a new medium-sized (about 15-20 kg) fossil catarrhine, Saadanius hijazensis, dated to 29-28 Myr ago
85 bolstering a narrative that nearly all early catarrhines shared a primitive locomotor repertoire rese
86 rly Oligocene ( approximately 29-30 Ma) stem catarrhine species Aegyptopithecus zeuxis, was recovered
87 ave been intraspecifically variable in early catarrhine species due to high levels of dimorphism and
88     The SD architecture is associated with a catarrhine-specific subgroup of the AGAP gene family, wh
89 became an unprocessed pseudogene in the late catarrhine stem lineage.
90 e been accorded phylogenetic significance in catarrhine systematics (e.g., a well developed rostrum,
91                              Platyrrhine and catarrhine systems of KIR and MHC class I are highly div
92 ing greater functional diversity among early catarrhines than previously recognised.
93 We conclude that Pliobates is a derived stem catarrhine that shows postcranial convergences with mode
94 mate clades, but its expression is absent in catarrhines, that is, in Old World monkeys and hominids
95                                           In catarrhines, the GH cluster has a pituitary-expressed ge
96 ere very infrequent, in striking contrast to catarrhines which have large, uninterrupted stretches of