ライフサイエンスコーパス: caudal

1 e abundantly in the rostral (71 +/- 3%) than caudal (33 +/- 8%) PVN.

2 e develop mechanical hypersensitivity in the caudal abdomen, mild anxiety-like behavior and substanti

3 o compute hippocampal volume and rostral and caudal ACC thickness and surface area (n = 37 with both

4 ir cortisol was also associated with greater caudal ACC thickness.

5 l and puzzling features is their distinctive caudal anatomy, which has been suggested as a mechanism

6 anded in the deuterostome clade and patterns caudal and distal structures.

7 ribution of transported label showed rostral-caudal and dorsal-ventral topographic arrangement of cla

8 ts, Fgf8 lineage progressively ebbs from the caudal and ventral aspect of this domain, particularly o

9 , but predominant tissue constriction in the caudal and ventral neural plate zone.

10 rsolateral/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and caudal anterior cingulate cortex were negatively associa

11 nificantly lower right ventral striatum-left caudal anterior cingulate FC to loss (OBP versus OCP: p

12 ggest that lower right ventral striatum-left caudal anterior cingulate FC to loss and greater right p

13 h apparently not previously appreciated, the caudal ARC showed a far greater density of vGluT2 cells

14 e far more common (by a factor of 10) in the caudal ARC, an area which has received relatively little

15 hin IACs, we profiled ~40 000 cells from the caudal arteries (dorsal aorta, umbilical, vitelline) of

16 y and systemically injected BMMC through the caudal artery.

17 racterized by an abnormal development of the caudal aspect of the vertebral column and the spinal cor

18 poral profiles of neurons in the rostral and caudal auditory cortex, suggesting that computational ac

19 ergic axons topographically projected to the caudal autonomic regions.

20 been suggested as a mechanism to facilitate caudal autotomy.

21 ment that are oriented along the same rostro-caudal axis but not during movement planning.

22 e neuroectoderm is patterned along a rostral-caudal axis in response to localized factors in the embr

23 s as a morphogen to establish the rostral to caudal axis of the neocortical area map.

24 rapid dopamine signaling across the rostral-caudal axis of the nucleus accumbens in the control of d

25 ther dopamine transmission along the rostral-caudal axis of the shell plays differential roles in the

26 e, elongated asymmetrically along the rostro-caudal axis, extending further above eye-level [4].

27 as NIf input is organized across the rostral-caudal axis.

28 ositely oriented directions along the rostro-caudal axis.

29 The axoneme exit defect is specific to the caudal axonemes, which exit from the posterior of the ce

30 ory cortex, including A1 and the surrounding caudal belt and parabelt, is involved in auditory motion

31 holinergic and noncholinergic input from the caudal BF, including the caudal globus pallidus and subs

32 lf-generates a Six3(+) rostral and a Irx3(+) caudal bipolarized patterning.

33 vestigating the underlying etiology of human caudal birth defects, which affect 1 in 10 000 live birt

34 and lateral NAc (vlNAc) synapses, but spared caudal BLAp onto medial NAc synapses.

35 n along the rostrocaudal axis for medial- or caudal-born CINs.

36 how RAR regulates somite patterning, rostral-caudal boundary setting, specialization of myotome subdi

37 ly enriched in a subset of astrocytes of the caudal brain and spinal cord in a distribution correspon

38 PK activation in the periaqueductal gray and caudal brain stem.

39 1 receptors (GLP1Rs) and receives input from caudal brainstem GLP1 neurons.

40 n the mesencephalic locomotor region and the caudal brainstem of mice involved in the initiation and

41 Animal data indicate that the PAG acts via caudal brainstem structures to control nociception.

42 e that PAG analgesia is mediated largely via caudal brainstem structures, such as the rostral ventrom

43 gon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) signaling from the caudal brainstem to the hypothalamus and limbic forebrai

44 nded to increase toward hatching, except for caudal brainstem, where a gradual decrease was observed

45 Chemogenetic activation of caudal, but not rostral, dmPFC CRF neurons potently impa

46 orize in the skin near the cell body whereas caudal cells arborize at a distance posterior to their c

47 with increasing stimulus intensity, whereas caudal cells respond at more distal locations and can pr

48 pacemaker rate disproportionately, enabling caudal cells that are less acetylcholine sensitive to as

49 rke in pigeons, we found that PL projects to caudal cerebellar folia.

50 Purkinje neurons in the caudal cerebellar vermis combine semicircular canal and

51 of self-generated head movements in the rat caudal cerebellar vermis, an area essential for gravicep

52 excitatory lineages emerging in rostral and caudal cerebral cortex.

53 ther AHN is preferentially suppressed in the caudal chicken HF by unpredictable chronic mild stress (

54 pplementary (M2), rostral cingulate (M3) and caudal cingulate (M4) motor regions through the corona r

55 area on the medial wall, and the rostral and caudal cingulate cortex.

56 uditory cortex, but most have focused on the caudal core areas AI and R.

57 aturation of movement occurs from rostral to caudal, correlating with maturation of descending supras

58 ng embryonic development that migrate to the caudal cortex and differentiate into Satb2(+) neurons in

59 The BPND of (11)C-MDL 100907 in the caudal cortex was also lower in zQ175 WT animals.

60 d additionally the striatum, rostral cortex, caudal cortex, and hippocampus for (11)C-NNC 112 and (11

61 he parietal visual areas, posterior parietal caudal cortical area (PPc) and posterior parietal rostra

62 hibitory SC neurons more strongly than their caudal counterparts, and commissural SC neurons tended t

63 trogradely labeled dopaminergic neurons in a caudal diencephalic nucleus (posterior tuberculum [PT]).

64 ucleus, dorsal and ventral hypothalamus) and caudal diencephalon, confirming results of Garcia-Fernan

65 Other unusual diverticula heading in a caudal direction have not been studied.

66 y with microvessels aligned with the rostral-caudal direction.

67 alamic target of these TGCs afferents is the caudal division of the pulvinar complex (PulC).

68 demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of caudal dmPFC CRF neurons elicits a robust degradation of

69 emonstrate that local CRF release within the caudal dmPFC impairs frontostriatal cognitive and circui

70 is, three dorsoventral tiers formed from the caudal domain and most pronuclei were defined, which wer

71 the hypothalamus divide it into three rostro-caudal domains but little is known about their embryonic

72 populations originated from the rostral and caudal domains constitute most of the final nuclei and a

73 vement, the large dorsomedial neurons of the caudal dorsal pallidum may be involved in sensory proces

74 Caudal dorsal premotor cortex activity was associated wi

75 wise error corrected), intraparietal sulcus, caudal dorsal premotor cortex, and cerebellar lobule VI

76 MHb-IP axis, including the median (MnR) and caudal dorsal raphe nucleus (DRC), may contribute to the

77 R, followed at T-E11.5 by ventral-middle and caudal-dorsal DR.

78 We found that the CDt innervated the caudal-dorsal-lateral part of the substantia nigra pars

79 opin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the caudal dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) impairs higher cognitive

80 We propose that human caudal dysgenesis disorders may result from dysregulatio

81 bomere (r4), of the hindbrain and a group of caudal efferent neurons (CENs) that arises in r5.

82 We show that Wnt3a is expressed in the caudal embryo in a dorsal-ventral (DV) gradient across a

83 upplied by populations of progenitors at the caudal end of the embryo.

84 n which there is abnormal development of the caudal end of the foetal spine along with many associate

85 (FT), which is a thin band of tissue at the caudal end of the spinal cord.

86 and the spinal subarachnoid space toward the caudal end of the spine.

87 n vocal organ, the syrinx, is located at the caudal end of the trachea.

88 nd the caudal intestinal portal (CIP) at the caudal end-that migrate towards one another, internalizi

89 the mitf family, which is highly enriched in caudal endothelial cells (cECs) at the time of HSC colon

90 We discuss how the early maturation of the caudal entorhinal cortex may contribute to path integrat

91 neuron number in calbindin patches in medial/caudal entorhinal cortex.

92 extended bilaterally throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the DG, replicating the expected distri

93 that was particularly pronounced within the caudal extent of the hippocampus.

94 nd outputs of the mouse IC across its rostro-caudal extent.

95 Optical stimulation of these caudal fibers expressing ChR2 demonstrated robust EPSCs

96 g and allows the assessment of only 1 cranio-caudal field of view (~15 cm).

97 test increase in transcript abundance in the caudal fin (10-18-fold) and liver (6-10-fold).

98 Relative to standard length (SL; jaw tip to caudal fin base distance), the surface area of jaw-closi

99 qPCR was performed on liver and caudal fin from the same genotypically sexed individuals

100 nic fish, and its genomic deletion perturbed caudal fin regeneration and abrogated cardiac regenerati

101 ution of inflammation and regeneration after caudal fin transection.

102 -independent bioindicator of oil exposure in caudal fin, a tissue that is amenable to nonlethal sampl

103 the total thrust produced over the body and caudal fin, substantially decreasing the net drag on the

104 igmented extension of the ventral tip of the caudal fin-the "sword"-in males of several species of Xi

105 c prepattern of transcription factors in the caudal fin.

106 remely small and strongly arched; dorsal and caudal fins absent; tail stings and cartilaginous tail r

107 metabolites along the proximodistal axis of caudal fins of uninjured and regenerating adult zebrafis

108 The dorsal, anal and caudal fins of vertebrates are proposed to have originat

109 here deep-bodied benthic forms with truncate caudal fins repeatedly evolve into slender midwater spec

110 analyses further suggest that its dorsal and caudal fins were adapted for swift predatory locomotion

111 ed fibroblasts of uninjured and regenerating caudal fins.

112 e into slender midwater species with furcate caudal fins.

113 opaminergic innervation that span the entire caudal forebrain.

114 r, but they are different from those for the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and the caudal whisker area (

115 a controlled cortical impact (CCI) over the caudal forelimb area (CFA) of the motor cortex.

116 y volume and its likelihood of including the caudal forelimb area (CFA), rostral forelimb area (RFA),

117 In the hippocampal CA1, caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons ar

118 al ganglionic eminence (MGE)-derived but not caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons.

119 circuit integration of INs derived from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE).

120 of progenitor cells from embryonic medial or caudal ganglionic eminence (MGE, CGE) were made in a wel

121 The PL develops next to the caudal ganglionic eminence, which generates inhibitory i

122 s), lateral ganglionic eminences (LGEs), and caudal ganglionic eminences (CGEs) between preterm-born

123 heir origin in the embryo from the medial or caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE).

124 embryonic lineage from either the medial or caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE and CGE).

125 rostral (GABA, GAD67, Lhx1, and Nkx2.2) and caudal (Gbx2, VGlut2, Lhx2, Lhx9, and Sox2) domains.

126 respective sites of origin in the medial or caudal GE.

127 bution of CINs originating in the medial and caudal GEs at different time points.

128 rgic input from the caudal BF, including the caudal globus pallidus and substantia innominata and mod

129 hinal cortex shifts slightly caudally in the caudal globus pallidus.

130 were with ventral premotor cortex (PMV), the caudal half of posterior parietal cortex, cingulate cort

131 by these niches, we report the generation of caudal hematopoietic embryonic stromal tissue (CHEST) ce

132 owed exquisite visualization of HSPCs in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) of the developing zebr

133 cells from 72-hours post fertilization (hpf) caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), the site of embryonic

134 nic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and

135 Furthermore, quantifying neurogenesis in the caudal HF post-mortem may provide an objective, integrat

136 eural crest (VNC) cells that emerge from the caudal hindbrain, invade the foregut and populate the ga

137 but paradoxically increased activity in the caudal hindbrain.

138 ecting Galphat-S-ir reticular neurons in the caudal hindbrain.

139 their lives had fewer DCX(+) neurons in the caudal hippocampal formation.

140 c and clinical observations suggest that the caudal hypothalamus comprises a key node of the ascendin

141 the microbial landscape along the rostral to caudal, i.e., horizontal mouth to anus, axis of the GIT.

142 s intersecting precentral sulcus (tgPCS) and caudal inferior frontal sulcus (cIFS).

143 C integrates abstract, rostral and concrete, caudal influences to inform context-appropriate action.

144 owards the rostral end of the embryo and the caudal intestinal portal (CIP) at the caudal end-that mi

145 T-E9.5 are serotonin neurons in the MnR and caudal-intrafascicular DR, followed at T-E11.5 by ventra

146 ided saccade task while we recorded from the caudal intraparietal area using laminar probes.

147 The mammalian embryo's caudal lateral epiblast (CLE) harbours bipotent progenit

148 The caudal lateral epiblast of mammalian embryos harbours bi

149 regions send convergent projections into the caudal lateral hypothalamus (LHA) encompassing the paras

150 EF was uniquely associated with caudal left dorsolateral prefrontal and lateral temporo-

151 laustrum, extending along its entire rostral-caudal length.

152 At caudal levels, the divisions are more laminated in appea

153 teral pallium, which extends from rostral to caudal levels.

154 Afferent neurons target only one rostral or caudal location within medial or lateral HVC, and each H

155 However, cTBS to caudal LPFC unexpectedly impaired processes that are pre

156 primarily in the infection site of the right caudal lung lobe, with no or reduced TB dissemination to

157 patially distributed processes controlled by caudal M1 in large part sequentially.

158 astrointestinal development similar to human caudal malformation syndromes including urorectal septum

159 ded neurons in the secondary auditory region caudal medial neostriatum of European starlings (Sturnus

160 n of tanycytes within the infundibular stalk/caudal median eminence, termed here gamma tanycytes, and

161 1 neurons), mapping soma localization to the caudal medulla primarily and axonal projections to brain

162 sleep partly through their projection to the caudal medulla.

163 howed Tac1-Pet1 soma resident largely in the caudal medulla.

164 In turn, the PAG has strong access to the caudal medullary nucleus retroambiguus (NRA).

165 c phenotype is present preferentially in the caudal mesodiencephalic DA nuclei.

166 The caudal mesopallium (CM) is a cortical-level auditory are

167 t, there is an increase in the proportion of caudal mesopallium neurons with phasic excitability, and

168 rinsic spiking dynamics among neurons in the caudal mesopallium, a cortical-level auditory area impli

169 lamus, optic tectum, semicircular torus, and caudal midbrain tegmentum, but conspicuous projections a

170 specific set of markers associated with the caudal midbrain that correlate with high dopaminergic yi

171 ibitory interneuron activity, which inhibits caudal motoneurons and pre-conditions their excitability

172 ic fiber assembly, the continuous rostral to caudal movement of the fiber within the brain and centra

173 strating the formation of a balanced rostral-caudal neuroectoderm pattern.

174 mal neurons in the rostral and apical trunk, caudal neurons in the dorsal and ventral epidermis, and

175 In contrast, the caudal nTS receives general visceral information largely

176 Although the caudal nTS shows clear morphological and molecularly del

177 activate preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) that produce

178 ecific manipulations indicate that CSNs from caudal or rostral forelimb area control reaching or gras

179 ed shifts in LP site from the central SAN to caudal pacemaker regions, which were positive for HCN4 a

180 n LP site from the central SAN to one or two caudal pacemaker regions.

181 ntribute to the intrinsic innervation of the caudal part of the gut.

182 ow that Hoxa5 expression appears in the most caudal part of the hindbrain at fetal stages, where it i

183 us of the facial nerve and extended from the caudal part of the nucleus of the superior olive to the

184 culum sends a dense, bilateral projection to caudal parts of the entorhinal cortex.

185 cord development follows a sequential rostro-caudal pattern.

186 to generate somites with the correct rostral-caudal patterning, which appear sequentially in an anter

187 rom ACh to GABA expression in neurons in the caudal pedunculopontine nucleus (cPPN).

188 ized tissues, leading to genome-wide Irx3(+) caudal-polarization signals.

189 lts support the hypothesised homology of the caudal pole of the avian HF to the ventral pole of the r

190 Based upon anatomy, we hypothesise that the caudal pole of the avian Hippocampal Formation (HF) pres

191 ary junction, decussates at the level of the caudal pole of the facial nerve nucleus in the rostral m

192 < 0.001) and beaded axons (p = 0.021) at the caudal pole of the HF than controls.

193 Pulvino-tectal (Pul-T) cells lie at the caudal pole of the PulC, intermingled with the axonal te

194 in neuron numbers across the rostral to the caudal pole resembles primates.

195 branched from the cochlear nucleus, and via caudal pontine reticular nucleus, pontine central gray,

196 k involving supplementary motor area and the caudal portion of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex encod

197 Figure 2: Doppler US image of the caudal portion of the mass.

198 d a novel reorganization of the perineum-the caudal portion of the trunk body wall not associated wit

199 le-demand and sensory-bias hypotheses within caudal portions of human LFC (both men and women partici

200 d first in the dorsal motor nucleus, then in caudal portions of the hindbrain, including the locus co

201 from a position in the mid-thorax to a more caudal position nearer to the pelvis.

202 resent hierarchical plans using a network of caudal prefrontal structures.

203 bulbs-terminal nerve, ventral telencephalon, caudal preoptic area, dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum, an

204 the olfactory bulbs, ventral telencephalon, caudal preoptic area, dorsal tegmentum and rostral rhomb

205 y (PAG), lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), caudal pressor area, and lamina I of the spinal trigemin

206 that only corticospinal axons originating in caudal primary motor cortex ("new M1") and area 3a make

207 ational distinctions between the rostral and caudal primate auditory cortex that may underlie functio

208 ene expression data demonstrated rostral and caudal progenitor and neuronal identities from early bra

209 and polarized cell intercalation pushes the caudal progenitor domain posteriorly; finally, the axial

210 ng embryonic development defines rostral and caudal progenitor domains, which are conserved from fish

211 or boundaries of the presomitic mesoderm and caudal progenitor pool.

212 the Lin28/let-7 pathway controls the pool of caudal progenitors during tail development, promoting th

213 phic projections to the nucleus rotundus and caudal pulvinar, respectively.

214 similar opposite effect on insula-to-ventral caudal putamen functional connectivity in the remitted a

215 roup-by-condition interaction in the ventral caudal putamen indicated that hunger had opposite effect

216 acial nerve deficits, and duplication of the caudal region of the external ear.

217 ventricular contractility are located in the caudal region of the left DVMN.

218 Here, we identify rostral-caudal regionality in Wnt exposure within the interneuro

219 reach a positive transpulmonary pressure in caudal regions at end-expiration (best-positive end-expi

220 further evidence that the use of tendons in caudal regions is beneficial from an energetic perspecti

221 derate concentration of 5-HT fibers, whereas caudal regions of Me as well as the central nuclei and t

222 ed thoracoscopically in ventral, dorsal, and caudal regions of the left hemithorax.

223 are distributed about equally in rostral and caudal regions of the PRF, whereas contralateral pRS neu

224 However, the rostral and caudal regions of the shell have been implicated in prom

225 he ventral tegmental area to the rostral and caudal regions of the shell were optogenetically stimula

226 Backgound: Caudal regression syndrome (CRS) is an uncommon disorder

227 ications, treatment options and prognosis of caudal regression syndrome are discussed as well.

228 ng multimodal imaging findings of 4 cases of caudal regression syndrome in 4 different age groups inc

229 This case highlights the rarity caudal regression syndrome in a foetus of a non-diabetic

230 In this case series, we report four cases of caudal regression syndrome in different age groups inclu

231 Caudal regression syndrome is a rare entity, characteriz

232 Caudal regression syndrome is a rare, neural tube defect

233 Caudal regression syndrome is usually diagnosed initiall

234 mes including urorectal septum malformation, caudal regression, vertebral-anal-cardiac-tracheo-esopha

235 PCR array screening reveals that caudal-related homeobox 2 (Cdx2) and Rbl2/p130 are remar

236 The caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2 is exp

237 e fetal Mullerian duct mesenchyme (MDM), the caudal remnant of which is thought to be assimilated by

238 ecline, there was altered entrainment in the caudal SAN as shown by decreased conduction velocity, OA

239 the activity of visuomovement neurons in the caudal SC, and the extent to which fixation-related neur

240 ich occurs earliest and most severely in the caudal sensorimotor striatum, a subdivision of the stria

241 f spinal motoneurons follows the same rostro-caudal sequence.

242 Rostral and caudal SFG and SMG boundaries differed, and in the event

243 ce of negative affect, but activation of the caudal shell exacerbated aversive responses.

244 optical self-stimulation of the rostral and caudal shells was also examined.

245 s abrupt heart rate slowing with concomitant caudal shifts of the leading pacemaker (LP) site within

246 ral pattern of IENF loss at different rostal-caudal sites along the leg.

247 ioral effects were observed: Stimulations of caudal sites in 8Av (close to FEF) shortened or prolonge

248 LH GABA fibers pass through the VTA to more caudal sites, where they synapse onto neurons near the l

249 be development, perhaps also contributing to caudal specific NTDs.

250 ibuted throughout the ventral portion of the caudal spinal cord, the specific transverse distribution

251 cheinker syndrome is due to pathology in the caudal spinal cord.

252 e I and V of the spinal cord dorsal horn and caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the nucleus of t

253 sk of unfavorable neurologic outcome as more caudal structures were affected.

254 ards suggests a homologous similarity of the caudal telencephalon in sauropsids.

255 an unexpected close relationship between the caudal thalamus, epithalamus and rostral pretectum.

256 Adding a pathway from caudal to mid-rostral LPFC significantly improved the mo

257 A transcript levels tended to decrease, from caudal to rostral, across cortical regions of the vsWM n

258 ory trigeminal column can be subdivided from caudal to rostral, as in other species, into cervical do

259 in having an expression domain that extends caudal to the heart and gills.

260 a pertinent diameters were measured 15-20 mm caudal to the hepatic vein junction and recorded by bidi

261 cold exposure, following a brain transection caudal to the hypothalamus, and during the blockade of g

262 active cholinergic input to rRPa originates caudal to the hypothalamus.

263 e equally labelled across groups and reduced caudal to the injury.

264 ed by corticospinal terminals in gray matter caudal to the lesion.

265 d reduced CGRP expression in the dorsal horn caudal to the lesion.

266 t the focal injury site but also rostral and caudal to the spinal injury.

267 insular cortex (IC) that is just dorsal and caudal to this region (visceral cortex).

268 in the glutamate measure was blunted and the caudal-to-rostral decline in the GABA measure was enhanc

269 ffect differed across regions, such that the caudal-to-rostral increase in the glutamate measure was

270 und the neuropore, and simultaneously, a new caudal-to-rostral zippering point arises.

271 t of claustrum connections and clear rostral-caudal topography of insular projections.

272 vely increasing connections observed in more caudal tracer injections (i.e., in subdivisions of area

273 minished both the stiffness gradient and the caudal turn of axons found in control brains.

274 mechanism led to the current hypothesis that Caudal-type homeobox-2 (Cdx2) cells in placenta may repr

275 0.18 ng) was delivered to zebrafish through caudal vein microinjection during distinct periods in ea

276 elopment, they strikingly failed to form the caudal vein plexus (CVP).

277 f amino acids in the hepatic portal vein and caudal vein were measured at intervals after a single fo

278 including expiratory premotor neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group, but RTN has very limit

279 arabrachial complex, and lack projections to caudal ventral respiratory group.

280 (cdlSNr), directly or indirectly through the caudal-ventral part of the globus pallidus externus (cvG

281 with a second, smaller patch of cells in the caudal, ventrolateral portion.

282 s partly mediated by their projection to the caudal ventromedial medulla, where they excite GABAergic

283 nje cell types in the vestibular part of the caudal vermis (lobules IX and X) to understand their rol

284 Therefore, we show that the caudal vermis hosts a re-encoded, gravitationally polari

285 scribed putative fracture planes in mesosaur caudal vertebrae - unossified regions in the middle of c

286 The coccyx forms by fusion of caudal vertebrae and has evolved repeatedly across verte

287 verexpression of Lin28a strikingly increased caudal vertebrae number and tail bud cell proliferation,

288 Here, we describe how Lin28/let-7 influence caudal vertebrae number during body axis formation.

289 ise pathologies of the left fibula and fused caudal vertebrae of the non-avian dinosaur Tyrannosaurus

290 ipartite anatomy, with the proximal separate caudal vertebrae region, and the distal pygostyle, forme

291 Aspects of the caudal vertebrae suggest greater movement near the tail

292 and magnetic resonance imaging revealed that caudal vertebrae were replaced by a ventrally-positioned

293 tebrae - unossified regions in the middle of caudal vertebral centra - that in many extant squamates

294 gnetic exposure results in activation of the caudal vestibular nuclei in pigeons that is independent

295 In Drosophila embryos, caudal visceral mesoderm (CVM) cells undergo bilateral m

296 l neurons that project axons directly to the caudal, viscerosensory NTS, focusing on a medial subregi

297 GABAergic projections from the caudal VLM (CVLM) provide a primary inhibitory input to

298 to the RVLM (nucleus tractus solitarius and caudal VLM) unmasked tonic glycinergic inhibition in the

299 e for the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and the caudal whisker area (CWA) of M1.

300 ial sensory configurations-a single row or 3 caudal whiskers on each side of the snout.