ライフサイエンスコーパス: causation

1 ontrol bias owing to confounding and reverse causation.

2 to address residual confounding and reverse causation.

3 al data are prone to confounding and reverse causation.

4 stablished criteria for the determination of causation.

5 ronmental sources of confounding and reverse causation.

6 We found little support for reverse causation.

7 ssibility of residual confounding or reverse causation.

8 needed to link genetic variants with disease causation.

9 ies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation.

10 entially confounded by smoking or by reverse causation.

11 sive appreciation of the spectrum of disease causation.

12 r, uncertainty exists as to the direction of causation.

13 usal or the result of confounding or reverse causation.

14 xome sequencing in order to identify genetic causation.

15 Correlation does not imply causation.

16 few studies have considered possible reverse causation.

17 No support was found for reverse causation.

18 anemia has provided new insight into disease causation.

19 though this correlation does not demonstrate causation.

20 andomly allocated and not subject to reverse causation.

21 founding, and/or is a consequence of reverse causation.

22 AD are possibly confounded or due to reverse causation.

23 n observational study and so we cannot infer causation.

24 ey contributor, but is not required, for HSP causation.

25 ciation is due to confounding and/or reverse causation.

26 g the need for integrative models to resolve causation.

27 an diseases and abnormalities have a genetic causation.

28 (-/-) 2D2 mice, suggesting a role in disease causation.

29 igations; however, Big Data cannot establish causation.

30 unlikely to be due to confounding or reverse causation.

31 els before disease onset, minimizing reverse causation.

32 es do not account for confounding or reverse causation.

33 were susceptible to confounding and reverse causation.

34 y be attributable to confounding and reverse causation.

35 egulatory regions that contribute to disease causation.

36 or evaluating the role of microbes in cancer causation.

37 art of the association may be due to reverse causation.

38 ng the modified Bradford Hill guidelines for causation.

39 nvolvement in cardiac hypertrophy and cancer causation.

40 ely to be a prime element of Crohn's disease causation.

41 tial biases related to indication or reverse causation.

42 butable to unmeasured confounding or reverse causation.

43 did the level of agreement on anthropogenic causation.

44 and correlations do not necessarily indicate causation.

45 al processes have been implicated in disease causation.

46 areas, particularly the mechanisms of cancer causation.

47 time analyses, applied to check for reverse causation.

48 to increased adiposity, i.e., bidirectional causation.

49 t to which this association reflects reverse causation.

50 l associations with IBD implicate infectious causation.

51 only be evaluated under a proper measure of causation.

52 lled studies, and association does not prove causation.

53 der age, pre-existing lung disease, and drug causation.

54 tself is not sufficient to establish climate causation.

55 ld, (iv) intentionality, and (v) intentional causation.

56 n and whether it can be explained by reverse causation.

57 ports, as retrospective studies cannot prove causation.

58 dies that are unlikely to establish ultimate causation.

59 e novo, providing strong genetic evidence of causation.

60 ntries on the basis of defined categories of causation.

61 (S), involved in stress response and disease causation.

62 r disputed evidence to support their disease causation.

63 tology showed no bacterial taxa linked to WS causation.

64 , including residual confounding and reverse causation.

65 t minimizes confounding and prevents reverse causation.

66 dings, by providing evidence against reverse causation.

67 ld-standard thinking should be to understand causation.

68 o confounding and is not affected by reverse causation.

69 have moved the field from correlation toward causation.

70 cross-sectional, we cannot rule out reverse causation.

71 ions for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation.

72 ' cause-specific mortality, avoiding reverse causation.

73 f controlling for confounders and by reverse causation.

74 moderate, limited, or no evidence of disease causation.

75 eed to move beyond studies of correlation to causation.

76 al estimate, free of confounding and reverse causation.

77 n to limit bias from confounding and reverse causation.

78 designs to residual confounding and reverse causation.

79 me facilitates the interpretation of disease causation.

80 assembly may provide a framework to resolve causation.

81 t upheld in sensitivity analyses for reverse causation.

82 of the potential of confounding and reverse causation.

83 up were excluded to reduce bias from reverse causation.

84 were consistent, tending to exclude reverse causation.

85 ely correlated due to confounding or reverse causation.

86 by Konec ni's anger-aggression bidirectional-causation (AABC) model and can be usefully incorporated

87 nd class of models reverses the direction of causation: aging and risk factors cause white matter dam

88 ion, and its relation to questions of actual causation, along with questions concerning the use of th

89 ove beyond correlations and begin to address causation, an effective system is needed for refining th

90 to generate statistical evidence for disease causation analogous to the traditional approach of prima

91 bstantially reduced the ability to determine causation and attribution of the interventions.

92 implications for our understanding of cancer causation and cancer prevention.

93 ly given the significant heterogeneity of AP causation and clinical course.

94 are not substantially confounded by reverse causation and confirm positive effects of SBP on all-cau

95 inimizing the risk of biases such as reverse causation and confounding.

96 In both cases, the link between causation and corollary remains enigmatic.

97 ies), and consider issues related to reverse causation and detection bias.

98 s in glycine as this will affect the genetic causation and genetic counselling, and provide prognosti

99 However, the frequency of single-gene causation and its age distribution in large cohorts are

100 ndelian randomization design free of reverse causation and largely free of confounding.

101 logical study including confounding, reverse causation and measurement error can afflict conventional

102 they are susceptible to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error.

103 asthma are increasingly reported, but direct causation and mechanisms underlying an effect remain unk

104 g to a separation of the site of mechanistic causation and metabolic consequence.

105 n defining the genetic mechanisms of disease causation and modification in autosomal dominant polycys

106 e to the long-term aims of understanding the causation and pathogenesis of congenital anomalies, and

107 o integrate and interpret data about disease causation and pathophysiology.

108 erial proteins that are important in disease causation and progression but do not affect growth, resu

109 matory mechanisms that play roles in disease causation and progression have revealed lessons about in

110 postulated as a key pathogenic factor in the causation and progression of inflammatory bowel disease

111 ype 2 diabetes may shed new light on disease causation and progression.

112 indings had limitations in potential reverse causation and residual confounding by imprecisely measur

113 l studies are prone to bias, such as reverse causation and residual confounding, thus limiting our un

114 onal data are plagued by problems of reverse causation and self-selection into further education.

115 ribution of environmental agents to diabetes causation and severity.

116 We use this method to uncover the causation and sufficiency of fiber diameter in the initi

117 pe heterogeneity, feature selection, reverse causation and system-level analyses that require integra

118 studies, but they do demonstrate how reverse causation and temporal trends in exposure can distort in

119 associations are not definitive evidence of causation and that potential effects of underlying secul

120 al studies are prone to confounding, reverse causation and various biases and have generated findings

121 nfounding; and the possibilities for reverse causation and/or unmeasured confounding from observation

122 is subject to residual confounding, reverse causation, and bias.

123 studies can only establish correlation, not causation, and existing experimental animal approaches a

124 ovides a quantitative definition of downward causation, and introduces a complementary modality of em

125 However, such reports did not imply causation, and there was a paucity of randomized trial e

126 ferred models of dynamics, connectivity, and causation are accurate in vivo.

127 Estimates for stillbirth causation are impeded by various classification systems,

128 The arguments for cancer causation are particularly convincing when epidemiologic

129 As direct causations are keys to the fundamental underpinnings of

130 lity detection likely misidentifies indirect causations as direct ones, due to the effect of causatio

131 nt advances in its genetic and developmental causation, as well as its neuropsychological basis, are

132 One concept of causation assumes a one-to-one correspondence between ca

133 ludes every detail, thus leaving no room for causation at the macro level.

134 antagonists use can be explained by reverse causation because prodromal Parkinson's disease is often

135 dietary exposure and prove associations and causation between diet and health are desirable.

136 To test for causation between dysbiosis and systemic inflammation in

137 These data establish causation between phasic activation of VTA dopamine neur

138 (3.93%, CI 2.37-4.48%) reflected reciprocal causation between schizophrenia liability and cognition

139 genetic overlap and tested the direction of causation between schizophrenia liability, brain structu

140 We investigate the direction of causation between vitamin D and CRC by extending the con

141 pes are not generally susceptible to reverse causation bias and confounding, reflecting their fixed n

142 owever, this association is prone to reverse-causation bias as stopping renin angiotensin aldosterone

143 I may be a useful metric to minimize reverse causation bias associated with a single baseline BMI ass

144 alyses included analysis of possible reverse causation bias by excluding the first 6 months to 2 year

145 and subject to publication bias and reverse causation bias.

146 w-ups, making results susceptible to reverse causation bias.

147 yogurt and eggs may be influenced by reverse causation bias.

148 w-up, making findings susceptible to reverse causation bias.

149 plasticity of the genome complicates genetic causation but should be investigated from a functional p

150 lculations may help to determine the symptom causation, but refinement and outcome studies are needed

151 lay, and we describe evidence supporting its causation by a mutation in SLC18A2 (which encodes vesicu

152 fforts to curb mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that mo

153 We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual- and school-level resu

154 onal segregation patterns in families due to causation by de novo mutations, incomplete penetrance, a

155 s been an influential historical emphasis on causation by emotional trauma, which is not supported by

156 serum PFC levels, and to investigate reverse causation by estimating associations between PFC levels

157 Adjusting for reverse causation by excluding children with eczema, wheeze, or

158 1.2 years [interquartile range, 59.8-77.6]); causation by staphylococci (62 [35.0% {95% CI, 28.0%-42.

159 itfalls of conflating proximate and ultimate causation; (c) the role of development in the production

160 is inability to disentangle correlation from causation can result in sub-optimal or dangerous diagnos

161 hich nutrition programme coverage increased, causation cannot be determined from the cross-sectional

162 ed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), causation cannot be tested in humans.

163 ntial biases such as confounding and reverse causation common to the literature.

164 e analysis of Hill criteria, the validity of causation conclusions was limited, mainly owing to the a

165 ever, these studies may be biased by reverse causation, confounded by unmeasured environmental exposu

166 ental validation are required before disease causation could be assumed.

167 ecause both residual confounding and reverse causation could explain these results.

168 Although reverse causation could, in part, explain the inverse associatio

169 Although the Abeta hypothesis of Alzheimer causation does not explain all features of this multifac

170 el, to explore the potential role of reverse causation due to selective avoidance or confounding by i

171 marijuana exposure, suggesting that reverse causation due to self-medication could explain previous

172 either necessary nor sufficient to establish causation"; environmental filtering can lead to correlat

173 Although there is no proof of causation, especially in the pediatric literature, an ev

174 A study of reverse causation: examining the associations of perfluorooctano

175 udies to reach consensus on probabilities of causation for 15 exposure-response relations between sub

176 nitial step in establishing the direction of causation for this association, we capitalized upon a ra

177 red PFOA and menopause is subject to reverse causation for this outcome.

178 k of feasible methods for identifying direct causations from indirect ones in the challenging situati

179 Consideration of both ultimate and proximate causation goes beyond philosophical cogitations, as it w

180 Methodological limitations such as reverse causation-good childhood outcomes that make parenting ea

181 The genetic contribution to CP causation has been predicted to be ~2%.

182 demethylation have since been reported, but causation has not been demonstrated and to date there is

183 The results show that crash causation has shifted dramatically in recent years, with

184 ted gene set involved in the cervical cancer causation have been utilized for identifying potential r

185 w theoretical issues related to the study of causation, how causal diagrams can facilitate the identi

186 As a test of social causation, I examined whether persons were less healthy

187 between these socioeconomic groups, reverse causation (ie, downward social selection for high-risk d

188 ed a 4-y lagged analysis to minimize reverse causation (ie, increased water consumption that was due

189 in genetically engineered mice that queries causation in disease evolution of regulatory networks pe

190 sal mechanisms, and to disentangling reverse causation in epigenetic analyses.

191 se new approaches offer insight into disease causation in families in which this might previously hav

192 e challenges and strategies for establishing causation in human disease.

193 echanism for telomere shortening and disease causation in humans.

194 experimental resource for dissecting genetic causation in medulloblastoma.

195 e findings provide little support for social causation in neighborhood health associations and sugges

196 tic variants to distinguish correlation from causation in observational data.

197 ider Bradford Hill's framework for examining causation in observational research for the association

198 omes to examine the possible role of reverse causation in these associations.

199 ion, and discuss the challenges of assessing causation in this population, acknowledging the difficul

200 Accounting for probability of causation, in the European Union, organophosphate pestic

201 epression and to examine the role of reverse causation (influence of mood on intake) as potential exp

202 In individual level analyses, reverse causation is a possible concern if individual level expo

203 sy should be genetically investigated before causation is ascribed to perinatal asphyxia or other aet

204 However, proof of causation is lacking.

205 uffer from ecologic confounding, but reverse causation is less of a concern because individual change

206 This question of causation is most directly addressable in genetically tr

207 Causation is multifactorial and exogenous or endogenous

208 gistic interaction of this consortium in LAP causation is possible and is the subject of ongoing rese

209 gens have more robust associations, in which causation is probable.

210 wever, how these factors interact in disease causation is unclear.

211 To prove causation, it will be necessary to decipher which specif

212 We suggest that representation and causation may actually reflect somewhat separable neurop

213 tially introduced by confounding and reverse causation may have influenced these findings.

214 This uncoupling between association and causation may result from a failure of oral vitamin D to

215 y, adjusted for confounding with an a priori causation model.

216 e.g. schizophrenia polygenic risk scores) in causation models to assess the extent to which cognitive

217 improvements in the understanding of cancer causation, much remains unknown regarding the mechanisms

218 unchanged in analyses that addressed reverse causation, multivariable adjustments for other risk fact

219 these other factors likely reflects reverse causation-namely, downstream effects of early adult GCA.

220 imizes problems with confounding and reverse causation, now demonstrate that triglyceride-rich lipopr

221 hin datasets could make the entire quest for causation obsolete.

222 gly implicated in lay press and media in the causation of a diverse array of disorders.

223 and other viral infections contribute to the causation of acute exacerbations of asthma, but that add

224 t toward a predisposing vulnerability in the causation of addiction, related to impaired goal-directe

225 cific Treg cells that leads to protection or causation of autoimmunity.

226 ancer diagnosis in order to minimize reverse causation of cancer on changes in medication use.

227 e multitude of pathologies implicated in the causation of carpal tunnel syndrome.

228 The postulated role of infection in the causation of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblas

229 Causation of core pleasure or 'liking' reactions is much

230 To better understand the causation of disease due to the R303C mutation, as well

231 svirus (KSHV) is vital to its life cycle and causation of disease.

232 odels are unifactorial assuming single-agent causation of disease.

233 Thus, our study reveals a reciprocal causation of ER stress and JNK1/2 in mediating the terat

234 o the host genome has been implicated in the causation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

235 the belligerent public health hazard for the causation of high disability and eventual morbidity case

236 to decipher the networks of correlation and causation of human-associated microbial genera.

237 ts, uncertainty regarding true positives and causation of illness, delay in receiving the test result

238 lenge in making exclusive interpretations on causation of individual components.

239 irect evidence implicating neuronatin in the causation of Lafora disease and diabetes.

240 ed a final classification of these genes for causation of LQTS after assessment of the evidence score

241 The probability of causation of male breast cancer following radiation expo

242 S) technologies in the identification of the causation of nonsyndromic genetic cardiomyopathies.

243 rogonesis, as the likely initial step in the causation of sesquizygosis.

244 KSHV) is a human herpesvirus involved in the causation of several human cancers.

245 e that postoperative factors may play in the causation of SSIs in the current era.

246 dered to play a relatively minor role in the causation of SSIs.

247 that human papillomavirus had a role in the causation of the cancer.

248 te alleles of the tagged gene that confirmed causation of the dek phenotype by the Dsg insertion.

249 However, the roles and causation of these changes in bipolar disorder have been

250 on the genetic stratification and biological causation of this neonatal/paediatric disorder.

251 uctures has been closely associated with the causation of type 2 diabetes.

252 ificant progress in the understanding of the causation of urinary retention.

253 of progression, and known health risks (the causation of which by SCCD awaits proof by randomized cl

254 One of the main causations of the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is

255 tia rating (CDR) is not because of a reverse causation or confounding effect.

256 methylation proxy SNP suggests that reverse causation or confounding may explain the initial associa

257 tered, but whether it is involved in disease causation or is a consequence of host selection remains

258 is association could be explained by reverse causation or other factors.

259 fy brain changes that do not reflect reverse causation or treatment effects.

260 increasing the risk of cannabis use (reverse causation), or a causal effect of cannabis use on psycho

261 We also found evidence of reverse causation: PFCs were positively associated with rate of

262 lized settings is most likely due to reverse causation: Poverty reduces agency to resist obesogenic f

263 ss-sectional analyses are subject to reverse causation, prospective studies with long-term follow-up

264 ; however, the mechanisms attributed to this causation remain obscure.

265 he role of rare missense variants in disease causation remains difficult to interpret.

266 s to gray and white matter decline but their causation remains unclear.

267 ong-term observations, whereas inferences of causation require experimentation.

268 hich the developmental origin and underlying causation(s) have been elusive.

269 Reverse causation seems unlikely to have played a role.

270 ation) versus modeled (unaffected by reverse causation) serum PFOA in association with these outcomes

271 issociation between decision correlation and causation, showing that strong neuron-decision correlati

272 The light-at-night theory of breast cancer causation states that a portion of the high breast cance

273 However, definitive cell type-specific causation studies in vivo are lacking, and the molecular

274 location, challenging data interpretation in causation studies.

275 The evidence implicating infectious causation suggests that future studies of IBD would bene

276 levels would be less susceptible to reverse causation than measured levels.

277 biases from temporal variability and reverse causation that might have affected earlier investigation

278 asonably theorized to be related to behavior causation, the true nature of that relationship cannot b

279 unders, and there was no evidence of reverse causation, therefore leaving the remaining unexplained a

280 Although we cannot rule out reverse causation, these data support the hypothesis that dairy

281 Although the results do not demonstrate causation, they do suggest that there are effects of cig

282 We validate causation through reciprocal allele swaps, demonstrating

283 tudy, however, cannot directly impute sepsis causation to the viruses identified.

284 sations as direct ones, due to the effect of causation transitivity.

285 To approach the question of causation versus correlation for this association, we ex

286 We compared measured (subject to reverse causation) versus modeled (unaffected by reverse causati

287 Reverse causation was also suggested but appeared to be restrict

288 Causation was assessed differently to the reporting regi

289 atm in a recessive model of inheritance, and causation was confirmed by CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting.

290 ously ill obese men, suggesting that reverse causation was not responsible for the lower relative mor

291 Causation was shown by blocking corticosterone during ma

292 Reverse causation was tested by comparing change in area depriva

293 be" vs the "host internal milieu" in disease causation, we make the case for parallel investments int

294 Sensitivity analyses to account for reverse causation were performed.

295 Reverse causation, whereby health outcomes increase serum PFOA,

296 Definitive evidence of causation will require a randomized prevention or treatm

297 m 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be due to reversed causation with increased adiposity leading to suboptimal

298 Here we address both these aspects of causation with respect to the Notch signalling pathway.

299 untangle 'windows of opportunity' or reverse causation with vascular factors (hypertension and BMI),

300 de support for an expanded multihit model of causation, with potential implications for miRNA-based t