ライフサイエンスコーパス: century

1 and for long temporal scales (i.e. decades, centuries).

2 ost significant public health emergency in a century.

3 reat ocular diseases as far back as the 18th century.

4 investigated in academia and industry for a century.

5 of episodic coastal flooding over the coming century.

6 ed Kingdom until the end of the twenty-first century.

7 major biopharmaceutical advances of the 20th century.

8 ntury and that continued throughout the 20th century.

9 pare them to tackle these issues of the 21st century.

10 wn to the late twelfth century to thirteenth century.

11 l continue to cause a net carbon uptake this century.

12 orests by ~0.2 Gt per year at the end of the century.

13 ompared to the widely used first-order model CENTURY.

14 cies on the brink have been lost in the last century.

15 evastating epidemic at the end of the 15(th) century.

16 ful carbon-climate feedbacks over the coming century.

17 ing landfalling Texas TCs in the late 21(st) century.

18 Many taxa could become extinct in this century.

19 spatial urban land projections over the 21st century.

20 entury and decline centered on the mid-sixth century.

21 f landlocked migratory salmonids over half a century.

22 neuroscience in the second half of the 20th century.

23 sink in the decades since the mid twentieth century.

24 n policy' scenario (RCP 8.5) by the mid-21st century.

25 the subject of investigations over the last century.

26 e human lifespan has increased over the past century.

27 decades and then fading, probably after mid-century.

28 ocioecological contexts through the mid-21st century.

29 will not exceed 2 weeks over the rest of the century.

30 will not eliminate tuberculosis in the 21 st century.

31 nimal population declines since the mid-20th century.

32 cheetah importation into India in the 19(th) century.

33 lls required for problem solvers of the 21st century.

34 es have been widely documented over the past century.

35 most important wildlife disease of the past century.

36 tially fatal disease in humans in the 21(st) century.

37 has evolved substantially over the past half century.

38 ochemistry and molecular biology in the last century.

39 er occurred naturally during the seventeenth century.

40 elimination in most LMICs by the end of the century.

41 el estimates and within projections for this century.

42 tively demanding tasks changed over the past century.

43 xpanded its protected areas in the last half-century.

44 y compromise forest carbon sinks in the 21st century.

45 on Earth have eluded discovery for nearly a century.

46 es-by a total of ~25 Gt over the rest of the century.

47 explanation in the last 20 years of the 20th century.

48 CO(2) from the atmosphere every year by mid-century.

49 production (NPP) up to 20% by the end of the century.

50 rdisciplinary grand challenges of the 21(st) century.

51 l debate in population genetics for nearly a century.

52 nical 37 degrees C established in the 19(th) century.

53 astounding scene ever experienced in the XXI century.

54 35,900 billion tonnes over the twenty-first century.

55 that were widely grown in the late twentieth century.

56 of evolutionary biology for much of the last century.

57 of the 20th century and doing so in the 21st century.

58 face air temperature towards the end of this century.

59 equitable scientific enterprise in the 21st century.

60 y on virtual water imports by the end of the century.

61 Vs that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century.

62 dramatic rise in cattle numbers in the 20th century.

63 rhaps one of the greatest challenges of this century.

64 cratic values and institutions over the last century.

65 tah was hunted to extinction by the mid-20th century.

66 r as a public health problem during the 21st century.

67 ions from the Bronze Age to the early 20(th) century.

68 ing needs of science and society in the 21st century.

69 ling of atmospheric N deposition in the last century.

70 as climatic conditions change over the next century.

71 conjugation techniques in the 1990s and this century.

72 r mortality and deaths averted over the next century.

73 s different socioeconomic scenarios over the century.

74 e one in six known species by the end of the century.

75 on despite efforts spanning more than half a century.

76 uture abiotic and biotic changes in the 21st century.

77 change-driven intensification over the last century.

78 in in red wines of several vintages over one century.

79 bility across American regions over the 20th century.

80 (2041-2050) and end (2091-2100) of the 21st century.

81 ifferent smallpox vaccine genomes during the centuries.

82 mination that have permeated our society for centuries.

83 ggesting recent crossing within the last two centuries.

84 Islands has been a source of fascination for centuries.

85 val or exceed any estimated over the last 12 centuries.

86 l mystery that has fascinated scientists for centuries.

87 ondon, United Kingdom, from the 14th to 17th centuries.

88 strategies within a time frame of about two centuries.

89 nvasions have steadily increased over recent centuries.

90 o assess intraocular pressure goes back many centuries.

91 in C sequestration in the coming decades to centuries.

92 an development has fascinated scientists for centuries.

93 likely continue over the coming decades and centuries.

94 al island and has fascinated naturalists for centuries(1,2).

95 programs in the first half of the twentieth century(1), maize yields have increased over sevenfold,

96 rtality in Africa since the beginning of the century(1).

97 loss of summer sea ice by the middle of this century(1).

98 ance and resilience to drought over the past century (1901-2015) with global tree ring data records f

99 efficiency in the basin since the late 20th century (1980s) onward.

100 warming predicted for tropical regions this century(2) could accelerate climate change by releasing

101 enigma in palaeontology since the nineteenth century(2-4).

102 carbon emission scenarios (RCP 8.5), end-of-century (2075-2100) pollock and Pacific cod fisheries co

103 the present (2006-2015) and the end of this century (2100) by mapping our model of Trichodesmium gro

104 a wide variety of eukaryotes for more than a century(4), but how the double membrane of the nuclear e

105 ve IOD events increased during the twentieth century(5) and may continue to intensify in a warming wo

106 cases per 100 000 women-years over the next century (89.4% [86.2-90.1] reduction), and to avert 61.0

107 acts on transmission suitability risk by mid-century (a generation into the future).

108 Two decades into the twenty-first century, a confluence of breakthrough technologies wield

109 sporadically since the beginning of the 20th century, a systematic approach of their inventory has be

110 ely distributed marine species over the last century, across a range of taxonomic groups from phytopl

111 For over a century, acute 'post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis' (

112 rs in Lesotho, directly dated to the seventh century AD at Likoaeng and the tenth century AD at the n

113 seventh century AD at Likoaeng and the tenth century AD at the nearby site of Sehonghong.

114 ntinued to afflict Europe for more than five centuries after the Black Death.

115 upply had sharply declined by the early 20th century after a vast canal network was built on the delt

116 the world's tropical belt over the past four centuries, after the evolution of a "domestic" form that

117 The discovery of fluorescence two centuries ago ushered in, what is today, an illuminating

118 From a couple of centuries ago, understanding physical properties of biol

119 o comprehensively test ideas proposed over a century ago and generate many new hypotheses.

120 Brought to life more than half a century ago and successfully applied for high-value petr

121 More than a century ago it was shown that taste buds degenerate afte

122 solid hydrogen at megabar pressures almost a century ago(2), several efforts have been made to explai

123 Proposed a century ago(4), inverse transitions have been found expe

124 Introduced about a century ago, suramin remains a frontline drug for the ma

125 A quarter of a century ago, two global events-the International Confere

126 More than half a century ago, W.

127 isolate this central plant hormone nearly a century ago.

128 mours were reported by Otto Warburg almost a century ago.

129 s struggle to become a physician more than a century ago.

130 of snakes within an African landscape half a century ago.

131 cially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic.

132 0 million and 500 million people in the 20th century alone.

133 ic disease of the newborn over the past half century, although breakthrough anti-D alloimmunization s

134 n critical aspects of LUCC over the past two centuries and are widely studied for their potential to

135 the broadest temporal scales (many decades, centuries and beyond), continued shifts in interactions

136 mental (years and months), and evolutionary (centuries and millennia) time.

137 variability on global carbon cycling within centuries and millennia.

138 cts reaching to the present day, more than a century and a half after slavery's abolition.

139 imate-driven biodiversity losses in the 21st century and beyond.

140 rease by 7%, 5% and 8%, respectively, by mid-century and by 14%, 11% and 14% by 2091-2100 as atmosphe

141 al, economic, and urban growth in the fourth century and decline centered on the mid-sixth century.

142 rroneous ideas in the first half of the 20th century and doing so in the 21st century.

143 erparts were first noted in the early 20(th) century and led some researchers to later question its v

144 "Assumption of the Virgin" dated to the XVI century and on an angel statue of the Nativity crib date

145 on of research that started in the late 19th century and that continued throughout the 20th century.

146 l Intercomparison Project phase 5 "twentieth century" and pre-Industrial control simulations to obser

147 creased substantially over the 20th and 21st centuries, and recent warming aligns with increasing dro

148 heoretically in the mid nineties of the last century, and its existence has been confirmed experiment

149 dary grasslands typically require at least a century, and more often millennia (projected mean 1,400

150 redictability has been reduced in the 21(st) century, and the impact of extratropical atmosphere on t

151 on our planet's environment during the past century, and the projections going forward of what will

152 hange in episodic flooding by the end of the century are identified and found to be mostly concentrat

153 t the observed slow growth rates in the 14th century are inconsistent with direct (pneumonic) transmi

154 s on global GDP-per-capita by the end of the century are temperature-driven, highly dispersed, and mo

155 s much sediment in North America in the past century as natural processes can transfer in 700-3000 ye

156 opean population crises in the 14th and 15th centuries associated with recurrent famines, the Black D

157 nd in model projections for the twenty-first century assuming unabated greenhouse gas emissions.

158 nsidered "the organic reaction medium of the century" because they can be used as solvents and active

159 in the mid- to late sixth century, nearly a century before the Islamic conquest.

160 The story of twentieth century biomedical breakthroughs could be told through c

161 zome of Curcuma longa that has been used for centuries, both as a dietary supplement and as a medicin

162 Gold nanoparticles have been used for centuries, both for decoration and in medical applicatio

163 statue of the Nativity crib dated to the XII century, both from Altamura's Cathedral (Apulia, Italy).

164 s have been a pervasive feature in shoes for centuries but also suggest that toe springs may contribu

165 h deserts substantially warmed over the past century, but the Mojave dried while the Great Basin beca

166 ysiology has been recognized for more than a century, but the molecular basis of this regional patter

167 al unprecedented mass loss from the GIS this century, by placing contemporary and future rates of GIS

168 ogical innovation and deployment to meet mid-century carbon removal goals of 10-20 GtCO(2)/yr.

169 evastating Mongol invasion of the early-13th century CE.

170 This change is predicated on latter 21(st) century climate deviations that resemble recent conditio

171 Using a lake model forced by 21(st) century climate projections, we found that 12%, 27% and

172 advance, statistical associations with 20th century climate trends, and whether advance rates match

173 itions, as predicted for the end of the 21st century, could thus disrupt the community structure and

174 In the eighteenth century, Daniel Bernoulli, Adam Smith and Jeremy Bentham

175 l fishing-similar in magnitude to the end-of-century declines under unmitigated global warming.

176 he first seed concept introduced in the 18th century, different disciplines have attributed different

177 The cell cycle, a 19th century discovery of cytologists, only achieved a satisf

178 disappearance (up to 50% loss predicted this century) driving widespread ecological and climatic chan

179 t of 2000 to 2010, known as the "turn-of-the-century drought," was likely more severe than any in the

180 nsive changes in the latter half of the 20th century due to advancements in agricultural technologies

181 gmas, favouring rapid eruption pulses (a few centuries each).

182 vention trial (MRFIT) originated in mid-20th century efforts to determine whether modifying the "risk

183 Strategies for 21st-century environmental management and conservation under

184 Nevertheless, until the end of the last century, few metal-isonitrile catalyzed processes were k

185 itment peaks in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, following prolonged periods of societal and c

186 her high water) before the end of the 21(st) century for 90% of the U.S. coast.

187 cenarios, and around the middle twenty-first century for the highest emission scenario.

188 g effects are greatest later in twenty-first century for the moderate emission scenarios, and around

189 reduction has notably advanced over the past century, from suction assisted lipectomy to techniques w

190 spond to increasing surface buoyancy in 21st-century global warming scenarios.

191 o the clinical use in the middle of the 20th century had a profound impact on modern medicine and hum

192 Nevertheless, the past century has been characterized by different 'waves' of r

193 The past century has been characterized by intensive efforts, wit

194 The dawn of the 21st century has brought with it a surge of research related

195 While more than half a century has passed since the introduction of lithium int

196 and medicines, but only within the past two centuries have we begun to connect particular plant meta

197 The past two centuries have witnessed an unprecedented rise in human

198 Advances in malaria control this century have been largely due to distribution of long-la

199 Epidemiological studies from the last century have drawn strong associations between paternal

200 political and ecological changes in the 21st century have placed more people at risk of life-threaten

201 erdirective antennas developed over the last century have received renewed interest in recent years f

202 The 21(st) century hazards reveal that smokers who start smoking ea

203 roach has been used for the better part of a century; however, it does not accurately capture the bio

204 e being devised with a target of mid to late-century implementation, at which time many of the ecosys

205 Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries in various parts of the world and are known to

206 gms that had been in place for almost half a century in AML.

207 spit of an aristocratic palace of nineteenth century in Sardinia (Italy) by the use of classical pale

208 For over a century, inbred mice have been used in many areas of gen

209 circulation towards the end of the twentieth century, including a poleward shift in the mid-latitude

210 observed hydroclimatic changes and for 21st-century Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

211 major challenge in neurobiology in the 21st century is to understand how the brain adapts with exper

212 CHE1 (Chechnya, Russia, 18th century) is now the latest Second Plague Pandemic genome

213 vents in NYS S. Typhimurium to the twentieth century, largely within the era of antibiotic usage.

214 More than half a century later, we seek to follow in his footsteps and id

215 Physiological studies of the last century mapped a somatosensory cortical gyrus representi

216 Over the past half century, migratory birds in North America have shown div

217 system is evident in the mid- to late sixth century, nearly a century before the Islamic conquest.

218 For half a century now, the barrel cortex of common laboratory rode

219 rait variation across continents and through centuries of environmental shifts.

220 After centuries of human-mediated disturbances, Caribbean reef

221 population of the United States is shaped by centuries of migration, isolation, growth, and admixture

222 imate change for the next several decades to centuries of the Anthropocene and wide variations in eco

223 truction of IOD variability that covers five centuries of the last millennium.

224 Despite more than a century of intense research, therapeutic options to halt

225 vo remains controversial despite more than a century of investigation.

226 Despite more than a century of relative dating based on typology and seriati

227 -associated disease, yet after nearly a half-century of research and development in this field we rem

228 Despite more than a century of scrutiny, there is no evidence that opsins fu

229 After nearly a century of study, almost all of the more than 90 differe

230 radiant environment in a space with nearly a century of trials to reassure researchers.

231 The sediment marks of centuries old-tsunamis validate historical records and i

232 n the speculative ideas that are more than a century old, yet remain largely unsubstantiated by scien

233 ed finite element method (XFEM), rest on the century-old hypothesis of constancy of materials' fractu

234 Here, we summarize new evidence challenging century-old ideas about the development of stomach and i

235 Application of a century-old result describing "shot noise" in an electro

236 HMGA2-DNA interactions including suramin, a century-old, negatively charged antiparasitic drug.

237 ould become positive by the mid-twenty-first century on average across models (confidence interval, 2

238 Following a mid-sixth century peak, decline of this system is evident in the m

239 Additionally, end-of-century population cold exposure is projected to rise by

240 by a factor of 1.3-2.2, relative to start-of-century population cold exposure.

241 Accordingly, end-of-century population exposure to compound hot extremes is

242 facilitate the development of improved 21st-century projections of marine biogeochemistry and ecosys

243 ults suggest that the projected twenty-first century rapid increases in agricultural land conversion

244 a show a consistent drying trend over recent centuries, represented mainly as a change from wet habit

245 For over a century, researchers have assumed that the plane of the

246 Rapid ozone degradation during the 20(th) century resulted in elevated UV incidence, but pigmentat

247 Lack of interest over the last century resulted in knowledge gaps about diphtheria's ep

248 tch genealogical dataset spanning the past 4 centuries reveals higher-than-expected SR variations ove

249 human mummy acquired by a museum in the 19th century reveals a possible, nondocumented, ancient resto

250 lly optimizing cost-benefit analysis of this century's climate problem.

251 e, our findings indicate late Holocene multi-century-scale recurrence intervals for large landslides

252 These century-scale shifts in needle traits were detected by s

253 s during MHWs are of comparable magnitude to century-scale shifts inferred from warming trends(18), a

254 Large, intact corals can help build past (century-scale) climatic profiles, and better understand

255 Twenty-first century science demands compliance with the ethical stan

256 the brink of extinction by 18(th) and 19(th) century sealers.

257 as their richness increased over decades to centuries, secondary grasslands were still missing chara

258 al cluster analysis of an ensemble of 21(st)-century simulations reveals that a minimum of two tundra

259 Over the next century, successful implementation of the WHO eliminatio

260 holarship and funding priorities over half a century, take stock of the most important sociological b

261 more stable over place and time in the 19th century than any psychiatric nosologic system.

262 ever, selection will likely take far longer (centuries) than climate warming (decades), so in the sho

263 er, it has only been during the twenty-first century that remission, let alone cure, has been a regul

264 For centuries, the eye has fascinated scientists and philoso

265 landfilling waste can occur over decades to centuries, the standard static approach to estimating gl

266 In the 16th century, the Calusa, a fisher-gatherer-hunter society, w

267 f detergents have been developed in the last century, the challenge remains to identify guidelines th

268 Yet, by the 17th century, the dynamics of plague had changed, leading to

269 In the 21st century, the emergence of H7N9 and H1N1/2009 influenza v

270 Over the past century, the field of epidemiology has evolved and adapt

271 Prior to the twentieth century, the method, source and origin of smallpox vacci

272 For over a century, the Michaelis-Menten (MM) rate law has been use

273 For the remaining years of the 19th century, the mood-based model of mania competed for domi

274 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) grows in the 21st century, the need to understand glucose metabolism heigh

275 Over the past century, the subpolar North Atlantic experienced slight

276 Over the centuries these tints evolved from raw earths to molecul

277 1.5 degrees C target and, by the end of the century, threaten the achievement of the 2 degrees C tar

278 focus restoration science on the long-term (centuries to millennia) re-assembly of degraded ecosyste

279 pe analyses of a precisely dated (mid-eighth century to 818 CE) glass assemblage from the Rabad of Sa

280 tings, narrowing it down to the late twelfth century to thirteenth century.

281 e organic matter in surface soils and deeper centuries-to millennia-old soils that extend into thawin

282 For over a century, transfusion of convalescent plasma from recover

283 oughts are consistent with the observed 20th-century trend toward positive SAM anomalies concomitant

284 Ultimately, projections of end of century upper trophic level biomass change are altered b

285 despread belts that characterized early 20th century US agriculture have collapsed, with spatial conc

286 as become a defining feature of twenty-first-century US politics, but we do not know how it relates t

287 n insula has been investigated over the last century using postmortem brains but there has been littl

288 and climate history relations over the 20th century, using FTE response data from 151 sites across t

289 ion and the associated microbiome of a XVIII Century wax seal coloured with minium.

290 surface temperature warming during the 20th century) we investigated corresponding changes in cloud

291 ing have been well established over the last century, we still lack a solid framework from which to i

292 l species described in the 19(th) and 20(th) century were subsequently synonymized and are now consid

293 ed a part in science as far back as the 18th century when Laplace used it to guide his discovery of c

294 ly strong variability during the seventeenth century, which was associated with societal upheaval in

295 Thus, the 21(st) century will see significant changes to coastal flooding

296 nes, have intrigued chemists for more than a century with their unusual structures and high chemical

297 t entirely produced and used during the 19th century) with a possible contribution from the synchrono

298 oastline of Africa between the 16th and 19th centuries, with global impacts reaching to the present d

299 These genomic data are consistent with 16th century written records as well as ceramic, textile, and

300 have been fascinated by the human brain for centuries, yet knowledge of the cellular and molecular e