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1  Hofmeister series, also labeled by the term chaotropic.
2  We also reveal inconsistent measurements of chaotropic activity in the literature highlighting the n
3 from hydrophobic substances that exert their chaotropic activity, by proxy, from within the hydrophob
4 buffer with a fixed optimal concentration of chaotropic agent (e.g., 1.2 M urea) to differentially is
5                                          The chaotropic agent Gdn lowered the affinity of interaction
6 n vitro, such as elevated temperatures and a chaotropic agent guanidine hydrochloride, were studied.
7                 Our findings reveal that the chaotropic agent modulates the crystal growth rate durin
8 was found to play a crucial role acting as a chaotropic agent that disrupts undesired H-bonding inter
9                                          The chaotropic agent urea (at low concentrations) does not a
10                    Low concentrations of the chaotropic agent urea do not affect native Env but desta
11 ions, including GuH(+), which also acts as a chaotropic agent, affect the equilibrium between the ope
12  as a cation, stimulating activity, and as a chaotropic agent, altering the distribution of conformat
13 chanistic role of guanidinium thiocyanate, a chaotropic agent, in the crystallization of Sn-Pb perovs
14   Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl), a strong chaotropic agent, influences nanoparticle stability and
15  autosampler at 5 degrees C and (b) a strong chaotropic agent, such as guanidine hydrochloride, is cr
16 in-lacking mitochondria in the presence of a chaotropic agent, which disrupts the interaction between
17 w temperature, Env-activating ligands, and a chaotropic agent.
18 and 31 nM in the absence or presence of anti-chaotropic agents (10% glycerol and 0.5 M Na2SO4), respe
19 lvents (acetonitrile, methanol, 2-propanol), chaotropic agents (6 M urea, 6 M guanidine-HCl), a prote
20                                              Chaotropic agents (e.g., salts, trehalose, urea, tempera
21 ydrophobic peptides in solution using strong chaotropic agents after digestion.
22 from isolated tonoplast preparations by mild chaotropic agents and thus appeared to be nonintegrally
23 -resistant oligomers and filaments stable to chaotropic agents are detected using all Tyr --> Phe alp
24      The binding is irreversible in vivo but chaotropic agents disrupt the association between the no
25                     When a sample mixed with chaotropic agents is filtered through the nucleic acid i
26 60-fold stabilization of the dimer, the anti-chaotropic agents produced a 7-fold enhancement in the c
27 ructive heat denaturation in the presence of chaotropic agents such as formamide to allow access to t
28 itro method to desaturate LH-RH receptors by chaotropic agents such as manganous chloride (MnCl2) and
29                       In the presence of the chaotropic agents urea and guanidine HCl, the movement o
30                    Improved stability toward chaotropic agents was observed for both mutants, but no
31 ronment (changes in temperature, addition of chaotropic agents), no isolated subunits in native condi
32 els of inorganic salts, buffers, detergents, chaotropic agents, and other solubilizing agents.
33 els of inorganic salts, buffers, detergents, chaotropic agents, and other solubilizing agents.
34  nanodiamonds and separating out detergents, chaotropic agents, and salts, and other impurities that
35 mbranes after treatment with Triton X-100 or chaotropic agents, implying a stabilizing role for PsaD.
36 ed pH range, fail to work in the presence of chaotropic agents, or are difficult to use.
37 complex mixture of inorganic salts, buffers, chaotropic agents, surfactants/detergents, preservatives
38                           In the presence of chaotropic agents, the wild type released a large (>150-
39 is dimer is affected by the presence of anti-chaotropic agents.
40 etergent with high salt concentration and in chaotropic agents.
41  in the Y42F mutant can be interconverted by chaotropic and kosmotropic agents, respectively, accordi
42 glutamate aminopeptidase requires the use of chaotropic and reducing agents, quite often with limited
43 temperatures and polysorbate 20, rather than chaotropic and reducing agents, with sample cleanup and
44 extractability obtained with the buffer with chaotropic and reducing agents.
45 are often touted for their stability to both chaotropic and thermal challenges, fuscanodin is found t
46 rV lambda 6Wil and -Jto were determined from chaotropic and thermal denaturation studies.
47 iated less than were glial currents when the chaotropic anion thiocyanate was substituted for glucona
48                  Here we report a surprising chaotropic-anion-induced micellization of cationic ammon
49 of catecholamine molecules is released after chaotropic anions (ClO(4)(-) and SCN(-)) treatment, even
50                                       Unlike chaotropic anions (e.g. ClO4(-)), kosmotropic anions (e.
51                          With stimulation of chaotropic anions (e.g., ClO(4)(-)), the expansion and c
52 lting in strong binding between proteins and chaotropic anions and between nucleic acids and kosmotro
53 ering in PVP vinyl chains in the presence of chaotropic anions ClO(4)(-), and SCN(-).
54  kosmotropic anions and toward the source of chaotropic anions from the Hofmeister series.
55 e, we present the first direct evidence that chaotropic anions have an affinity for hydrophobic conca
56 tion can be controlled by the application of chaotropic anions in the mixture, allowing a second leve
57                                              Chaotropic anions provided the lowest detection limits,
58 d for recycling of Em is activated by Pi and chaotropic anions such as azide and thiocyanate, giving
59 These transporters exhibit a permeability to chaotropic anions that is associated with transport, all
60 n) and vesicle opening (longer duration) for chaotropic anions treated cells.
61  in the ppp configuration in the presence of chaotropic anions.
62    Analyses of cells treated with the highly chaotropic bile salt detergent deoxycholic acid demonstr
63 r high potential for biomarker preservation, chaotropic brines could therefore serve as repositories
64 enous genetic material is preserved in these chaotropic brines, producing an unexpected increase in d
65 ereas ammonium formate and bicarbonate (both chaotropic) caused structural changes.
66                             Intercalation of chaotropic cesium (Cs[Formula: see text]) ions within th
67 ) compared to that with a silica phase under chaotropic conditions (53%).
68 , 'hyperfolder YFP' (hfYFP), that withstands chaotropic conditions that denature most biological stru
69 elemental bricks" under certain detergent or chaotropic conditions, but our companion paper provides
70                                        Under chaotropic conditions, DNA released from lysed cells cau
71  solubilized by 0.6 M NaCl and requires more chaotropic conditions, such as 0.5 M KI.
72  of proteins in two case studies using (i) a chaotropic denaturant (urea) and (ii) low-pH buffers use
73 ermore, treatment of pure protein with acid, chaotropic denaturants, alkylators, and detergents faile
74    The modified peptide is more resistant to chaotropic denaturants, and the free energy of folding o
75 However, the "end-states" of temperature and chaotropic denaturation are spectroscopically differenti
76                                            A chaotropic detergent, 0.1% Nonidet P-40, also abolished
77  a kinetic trap from which it can escape via chaotropic, detergent, or thermal perturbation.
78 well fitted as a sum of a linear, presumably chaotropic effect and a square root-dependent, presumabl
79 e spectroscopic probe of the ion kosmotropic/chaotropic effect at aqueous interfaces as well as of th
80 n, we overcome these problems by introducing chaotropic effects in SFC separations using a nontraditi
81  disorder the site of hairpin interaction by chaotropic effects.
82 xigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) toxins after chaotropic extraction of DNA from stool would increase t
83  but there are key points that delineate (i) chaotropic from kosmotropic substances (i.e. chaotropes
84                                            A chaotropic guanidine-based method for histone isolation
85 ent denaturation behaviors under thermal and chaotropic (guanidinium chloride) stress.
86                         An independent local chaotropic interaction, not previously described for any
87  nanochannel structure demonstrated that the chaotropic ion results in the smallest nanochannel size
88 arried out in the presence of thiocyanate, a chaotropic ion that markedly increases the affinity of A
89  enhance cation exclusion effects and reduce chaotropic/ion pairing effects by using (1) low ionic st
90 (dihydrogen phosphate) that exhibits minimal chaotropic/ion pairing effects, and (3) columns that sho
91 c (HPO(4)(-2), SO(4)(-2), and CO(3)(-2)) and chaotropic ions (NO(3)(-) and I(-)) to determine their i
92  simulations and experiments have shown that chaotropic ions actually exhibit enhanced concentrations
93 is to study the behaviour of kosmotropic and chaotropic ions in aqueous solutions of polyhydroxy comp
94 m weak hydrogen bonding with water termed as chaotropic ions.
95  indicated strong binding of weakly hydrated chaotropic ions.
96                                              Chaotropic lysis and isopropanol precipitation were used
97  with the cationic Hofmeister hierarchy, the chaotropic Mg(2+) ions caused the greatest thermal desta
98 nging from kosmotropic NaCl brines to highly chaotropic MgCl(2) brines.
99 daptations, it suggests that the presence of chaotropic molecules may be beneficial to life operating
100 th a modification of the recently introduced chaotropic NaI method, reducing our estimate of the leve
101 ined, giving preliminary arguments about the chaotropic nature of the inorganic ions.
102  investigated the effects of either strongly chaotropic, nearly neutral or strongly kosmotropic salt
103 ly describe the chemical nature (kosmotropic/chaotropic or hard/soft) of the interacting species.
104       This effect is generally attributed to chaotropic or ion pairing effects.
105  to changes in its local structure by either chaotropic or kosmotropic ions.
106 e that this behavior is consistent with the "chaotropic" or "structure breaking" model of the hydrati
107                                              Chaotropic perturbation (CP) with guanidinium chloride (
108    Herein, we exploit the affinity between a chaotropic POM and native cyclodextrins (alpha-, beta-,
109 MCF-7 cells also showed the requirement of a chaotropic protein denaturant in the assays and selectiv
110  poisoning by ICRF-193 required the use of a chaotropic protein denaturant in the topoisomerase poiso
111 urant SDS, but easily detectable with strong chaotropic protein denaturants.
112 alovirus (CMV) antigen preparations with the chaotropic reagent Urea and probing with immune sera fro
113 n of reaction time, pH, organic solvent, and chaotropic reagents (urea, guanidine HCl) by monitoring
114                              Treatments with chaotropic reagents (urea, NaI, or NaBr) or with alkalin
115 h-speed cell disruption (HSCD) incorporating chaotropic reagents and lysing matrices in comparison to
116                                              Chaotropic reagents at non-denaturing concentrations acc
117 ding or by denaturation of the bound Ig with chaotropic reagents, but could be dissociated by reducti
118                         This method replaces chaotropic reagents, such as urea and guanidine hydrochl
119 ing kinetics is more complex when the highly chaotropic salt guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) is emplo
120 e from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane by chaotropic salt wash, consistent with lack of a putative
121               Treatment of dynactin with the chaotropic salt, potassium iodide, completely depolymeri
122 i) the use of PCR-inhibiting reagents (e.g., chaotropic salts and alcohol) and (ii) the washing and e
123 ncubated with perchlorates, highly oxidizing chaotropic salts which have been found across the Martia
124 lly used in DNA extraction procedures (e.g., chaotropic salts, 2-propanol) can be avoided, making the
125 es in the presence of high concentrations of chaotropic salts.
126  is quite similar to that in the presence of chaotropic sodium bromide (and other halides), which rai
127 otropes </= -4 kJ kg(-1) mol(-1) ); and (ii) chaotropic solutes that are readily water-soluble (log P
128 CFU/ml, respectively, for a glass matrix and chaotropic solution protocol; 8.0 x 10(2) and 7.0 x 10(3
129 y MS showed that FCGBP was mainly soluble in chaotropic solutions, whereas MUC2 was insoluble, and mo
130 d the effect of acid and other denaturing or chaotropic solvents on the conformation of monoclonal an
131 e sequential use of these three increasingly chaotropic solvents to elute antibodies results in both
132 otein splicing and unprecedented thermal and chaotropic stability.
133                       Concurrent osmotic and chaotropic stress make MgCl(2) -rich brines extremely in
134 es water activity (a(w) ) and exerts extreme chaotropic stress, the tendency of a solution to disorde
135  alternative methods tested, the use of this chaotropic technique of DNA isolation by using NaI produ
136  Here, we characterize the adsorption of the chaotropic thiocyanate anion (SCN(-)) to two prototypica
137 nic generation (SHG) studies of the strongly chaotropic thiocyanate ion adsorbed to the interface for
138 lacking all tyrosine residues, was stable to chaotropic treatment.
139 mbrane-bound VP14 was partially resistant to chaotropic washes such as 0.1 M Na2CO3 (pH 11.5) and 6 M
140 ions favor native protein structure, whereas chaotropic (weakly water binding) cations enhance native

 
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