ライフサイエンスコーパス: chemical potential

1 s disrupted at both high and low extremes of chemical potential.

2 e of the Dirac semimetal Na3Bi at its native chemical potential.

3 D oscillations are lifted and independent of chemical potential.

4 governed by one key parameter: the monopole chemical potential.

5 wn to arise chiefly from oscillations in the chemical potential.

6 r reactions that transform light energy into chemical potential.

7 rane that converts electrical potential into chemical potential.

8 s a weak concentration dependence for excess chemical potential.

9 ny application seeking to convert light into chemical potential.

10 hetic bacteria convert light energy into ATP chemical potential.

11 e protein's surface, which increases protein chemical potential.

12 tress is properly coupled into the electrode chemical potential.

13 ated with a specific optical temperature and chemical potential.

14 ely induce flows driven only by gradients of chemical potential.

15 easing the film thickness or controlling the chemical potential.

16 nces as functions of both magnetic field and chemical potential.

17 he equilibrium phase determined by the water chemical potential.

18 itivity of the oxide structure to the oxygen chemical potential.

19 s in non-ideal solution is determined by the chemical potential.

20 sed and then decreased with increasing water chemical potential.

21 tial control over time-reversal symmetry and chemical potential.

22 xcitation, its wavelength and the gate-tuned chemical potential.

23 rates of the S and Mo edges under low sulfur chemical potential.

24 ear infrared spectral range as a function of chemical potential.

25 t be explained by the increase of a solute's chemical potential.

26 concentrations can be always tuned by atomic chemical potentials.

27 them increased surface-to-volume ratios and chemical potentials.

28 y uniform, diffusion coefficients and excess chemical potentials.

29 presence of extraframework Al and high CH(4) chemical potentials.

30 urbative, nanoscale characterization of spin chemical potentials.

31 ied at a relatively high pressure, i.e. high chemical potential; (3) an unfavorable entropic term rel

32 By calculating the required change in chemical potential across all possible reactant-product

33 dient in dopant concentration, and hence the chemical potential, across such a material generates usa

34 esent the highest phase barrier and steepest chemical potential after x = 0.75, leading to phase tran

35 s of biosynthetic gene clusters with diverse chemical potential, almost none of which are yet functio

36 We find distinct changes in the chemical potential and a rearrangement of the low-energy

37 account for the phase diagrams predicts the chemical potential and chemical activity of cholesterol

38 ons on the corresponding cosolvent dependent chemical potential and denaturation thermodynamics.

39 thermodynamic and dynamic driving forces of chemical potential and flux are crucial for the emergenc

40 emical chaperones, and osmolytes perturb the chemical potential and induce further changes in structu

41 etween solvated surfaces at prescribed water chemical potential and is applied to a stack of phosphol

42 erive size-dependent equations for the ideal chemical potential and liquidus temperature, and use the

43 be dynamically switched off by lowering the chemical potential and moving from the intra-band to the

44 s likely dependent upon properties linked to chemical potential and partitioning such as fugacity, fu

45 lts in an effective increase of the solutes' chemical potential and protein stabilization.

46 their surface state depends on the gas-phase chemical potential and reaction kinetics.

47 studies, direct evidence of FBs tuned to the chemical potential and their role in emergent orders in

48 s 'moire quasicrystal' allows us to tune the chemical potential and thus the electronic system betwee

49 elied on reactions between reactants of high chemical potential and transformations that proceed ener

50 potentials due to the entanglement of atomic chemical potentials and Fermi energy, in contrast to the

51 o), because this ratio prescribes the oxygen chemical potentials and the relative abundances of metal

52 The chemical potentials and the respective thermodynamic Aff

53 of external stimuli, including temperature, chemical potential, and competing guests.

54 two identical tilted crystals have different chemical potentials, and carriers across the twin bounda

55 he atomic origin of the fixed charge, excess chemical potentials, and diffusion coefficients of the c

56 e poorly ordered, utilize only two different chemical potentials, and the same materials that absorb

57 gy can always be tuned by varying the atomic chemical potentials; and (3) the charged defect compensa

58 tical magnetic field are suppressed when the chemical potential approaches the Dirac point.

59 ensate at k parallel approximately 0, with a chemical potential approaching to zero.

60 ee of preferential exclusion and increase in chemical potential are directly proportional to the prot

61 nges in absorption over very small shifts in chemical potential are possible thus allowing for very s

62 between free and complexed form so that the chemical potentials are constant throughout the membrane

63 the two films suggests the change in oxygen chemical potential as a source of distinct magnetic prop

64 perconducting transition, a gap opens at the chemical potential as expected.

65 , thereby conserving a fraction of the redox chemical potential as p.m.f.

66 assay showed a sharp increase in cholesterol chemical potential as the cholesterol mole fraction appr

67 ns suggest it is the difference in effective chemical potential as well as the energy landscape exper

68 ing accompanies an anomalous decrease of the chemical potential, as indicated by the overall movement

69 The time-dependent chemical potentials, as well as the equilibrium behavior

70 to a vanishing temperature dependence of the chemical potential at fixed density.

71 ce exhibits a broad maximum when varying the chemical potential at moderate interactions, which signa

72 tions greater than that of Apr require a low chemical potential at that metabolic step.

73 his simulation method a spatially continuous chemical potential barrier is used to simulate the influ

74 Recent work revealed that the chemical potential barriers encountered at the surfaces

75 ent-voltage relationship obtained with fixed chemical potential barriers.

76 transfer is determined by the difference in chemical potential between the redox mediator and the SW

77 r findings of a sublattice-dependent magneto-chemical potential, but the model underestimates the J(e

78 50 ps, and a simultaneous transient shift of chemical potential by as much as 100 meV.

79 Varying the graphene chemical potential by using static electric field yields

80 red to liquid-ordered transition at constant chemical potentials by approximately the same amount.

81 nsity to a change in the system, at constant chemical potential, by computing the softness kernel, [F

82 magnetic insulator, finding that the magnon chemical potential can be controlled by driving the syst

83 In the former case, the chemical potential can closely approach, at large drivin

84 Altering the effective oxygen chemical potential causes the oxygen nonstoichiometry to

85 The spin chemical potential characterizes the tendency of spins t

86 tally demonstrate how controlling the oxygen chemical potential coerces multivalent cations into diva

87 hene at the neutrality point, i.e., when the chemical potential coincides with the Dirac point energy

88 s a counterintuitive lowering of the surface chemical potential concomitant with the formation of a m

89 nearsighted, indicating that under constant-chemical-potential conditions like dilute solutions chan

90 y consumption may lie in harvesting the high chemical potential contained in RO concentrate using sal

91 We show that, in such cases, there is a chemical potential contributed by the plasmonic excitati

92 ensemble (at a fixed difference in component chemical potentials, Deltamu), was recently implemented

93 s of the membrane and that decreasing the H+ chemical potential (DeltamuH) or increasing the membrane

94 g on the electrical potential (Deltapsi) and chemical potential (DeltapH) compositions of the PMF.

95 Moreover, in a crowded solution, the chemical potential depends on the size of the solute, wi

96 rotein and nucleic acid processes, we obtain chemical potential derivatives (mu23 = dmu2/dm3) quantif

97 New expressions for chemical potential derivatives and preferential interact

98 Analysis of computationally derived chemical potential diagrams rationalizes this synthetic

99 and reverse transitions depend on the formal chemical potential difference between the initial and fi

100 nd backward one-way fluxes J = J+ - J-, with chemical potential difference deltamu = RT ln(J-/J+).

101 and final bands, which becomes the standard chemical potential difference for ideal solutes.

102 best determined from simulations in which a chemical potential difference of water has been establis

103 Bending-induced asymmetric stresses generate chemical potential difference, driving lithium ion flux

104 By changing the built-in substrate chemical potential, different charge states of sulfur va

105 This approach of calculating chemical potential distances in hyperdimensional composi

106 idealized model for ion exchange in which a chemical potential drives compositional defects to accum

107 coefficient, which was interpreted with the chemical potential driving force model.

108 The chemical potential driving the reaction is supplied by t

109 y, could be pinned and independent on atomic chemical potentials due to the entanglement of atomic ch

110 xcitation energy from absorbed sunlight into chemical potential energy in the form of a charge-separa

111 ries (RBs) reversibly convert electrical and chemical potential energy through redox reactions at the

112 t electron tunnels relatively to reservoirs' chemical potentials enjoy the novelty and the potential.

113 tau/B experiences a change in slope when the chemical potential enters the last Landau level.

114 that this was a result of the extremely high chemical potential environment, that is, very high monom

115 cause plasmolysis to occur gradually as the chemical potential equilibrates.

116 , the homologous hydrocarbon group of lowest chemical potential, evolve only at pressures greater tha

117 the smallest gap, the dependence of s on the chemical potential exhibits a dip-and-peak structure in

118 nt transport orbital is located close to the chemical potential (Fermi level) of the electrodes.

119 nctional and enables the identification of a chemical potential field operator.

120 parameters such as Fermi energies, electron chemical potentials, flat-band potentials, or band-edge

121 formic acid oxidation due tothe decrease in chemical potential for H atoms in a Pd lattice under ten

122 on on the wall of the pore, and an offset in chemical potential for lithium and sodium ions.

123 by the slow-diffusing proteins increases the chemical potential for unsaturated lipids within the clu

124 eous lithium-ion transportation owing to the chemical potential force to achieve an ionic-electronic

125 hand sides of this reaction and evaluate the chemical potentials from theory.

126 utational design algorithm based on physical chemical potential functions and stereochemical constrai

127 sion by the crowders leads to an increase in chemical potential, given by Deltamu = -k(B)T lnf.

128 r a trapped gas, the spatially varying local chemical potential gives rise to multiple quantum phases

129 dients (speciation) that establishes a sharp chemical potential gradient across the thin (0.7-5 nm) o

130 orphological instability is generated by the chemical potential gradient between two materials when t

131 ATP to import K(+) against its transmembrane chemical potential gradient in low external K(+) environ

132 The directed motion of species against a chemical potential gradient is a fundamental feature of

133 which diffusive binder transport driven by a chemical potential gradient is the mechanism of binder r

134 entration gradient of guest corresponds to a chemical potential gradient.

135 le unique power sources driven entirely by a chemical potential gradient.

136 or a quantitative description we need to use chemical potential gradients as driving forces.

137 even entirely offsets the steady decline of chemical potential gradients at the tablet-medium interf

138 of oxidized sulphur species could establish chemical potential gradients in the martian near-surface

139 In the second, chemical potential gradients result in material transfer

140 long-time molecular dynamics and oscillating chemical potential grand canonical Monte Carlo/molecular

141 umbrella sampling combined with oscillating chemical potential Grand Canonical Monte Carlo/molecular

142 The chemical potential has a nonlinear carrier density depen

143 Chemical potential has an additional contribution due to

144 eved by replacing Ir with Rh atoms, with the chemical potential immediately jumping to or near the to

145 However, all known spin ices have values of chemical potential imposed by their structure and chemis

146 nontrivial evolution of the bulk bands with chemical potential in a topological phase transition is

147 The quantification of excess chemical potential in both initial and transition states

148 dynamics (MD) simulations at constant water chemical potential in combination with basic theoretical

149 nd a positive dependence of the rate on H(2) chemical potential in decalin indicate that addition of

150 on (which breaks time-reversal symmetry) and chemical potential in ferromagnetic thin films of Cr-(Bi

151 It is thereby demonstrated that the electron chemical potential in Gr can be used as a control parame

152 Varying the oxygen chemical potential in our experiments induced changes in

153 entropy and interactions to the cholesterol chemical potential in our model system, we find, not sur

154 We thus show how to tune the monopole chemical potential in spin ice and how to access the div

155 ected by the corresponding change of protein chemical potential in the crystalline phase.

156 them should be given by the equality of its chemical potential in the leaves.

157 More importantly, for a large chemical potential in the resonant case, the photon hopp

158 ts that there is no detectable electrical or chemical potential in the thylakoid after a brief time i

159 eric ligands that have essentially identical chemical potential in the unbound state, we reduced the

160 Such steps are known to couple chemical potentials in other energy transducing systems.

161 (MSA) is used to predict ion-specific excess chemical potentials in the filter and baths.

162 This means that the chemical potentials in the solution phase are essentiall

163 ibution is determined by the equality of its chemical potentials in the two leaves.

164 Good agreement of adsorption chemical potentials, including order of chromatographic

165 0.04eV change in chemical potential increases plasmon energy by 0.05 eV s

166 stem seems to have a previously unrecognized chemical potential intrinsic to the antibody molecule it

167 This chemical potential is a function of the concentration of

168 t pressures 8000 bar, and the discrepancy in chemical potential is comparable with the subtle uncerta

169 sic thermodynamic mechanism predicts that if chemical potential is constant, transitions between runs

170 al insulator-superconductor junctions as the chemical potential is moved through the true topological

171 l a large change in the magnetization as the chemical potential is swept across the quantum anomalous

172 P-driven proton transport (4-6) describe how chemical potential is transferred at the molecular level

173 ojection of bulk Dirac Fermi surfaces as the chemical potential is varied.

174 Here, we use a phototriggered chemical potential jump method to rapidly initiate the p

175 The chemical potential jumps to the bottom of the upper Hubb

176 t these solubility limits, where cholesterol chemical potential jumps, the cholesterol-phospholipid b

177 se in CH4 oxidation turnover rates at oxygen chemical potentials leading to Pd to PdO transitions.

178 quer." It describes the fact that, for fixed chemical potential, local electronic properties, such as

179 Simulated annealing of chemical potential located the highest affinity position

180 we confirm that under these conditions, the chemical potential made available by cycles of hydration

181 ior of these model systems obtained from the chemical potential method is correlated with simulated r

182 The "chemical potential method" is here proposed as an altern

183 be reversed via field-effect control of the chemical potential; moreover, this transition is hystere

184 to a single point in momentum space when the chemical potential mu is tuned precisely to the Dirac/We

185 ure T and pressure P, the condition of equal chemical potential mu must be satisfied.

186 ation yields the effect of the solute on the chemical potential, mu(2), of the DNA.

187 density functional theory, employment of the chemical potential, mu, and the chemical hardness, eta,

188 he in-plane magnetic field dependence of the chemical potential near filling factor one reveals a lar

189 The formal chemical potential of a band replaces both the energy an

190 ic pressures are generated by differences in chemical potential of a solution across a membrane.

191 optical control over both magnetization and chemical potential of a TI may be useful in efforts to u

192 ous zeolite can remarkably modify the excess chemical potential of adsorbed reactants and transition

193 tween the two classes is associated with the chemical potential of an equivalent physical system.

194 urate prediction of k values from the excess chemical potential of anions in water suggests that anio

195 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against an ATP chemical potential of approximately 12 kcal mol(-1), wit

196 is work, the compositional dependence of the chemical potential of cholesterol in cholesterol/phospha

197 The chemical potential of cholesterol was found to be much h

198 ral base pair would increase the genetic and chemical potential of DNA.

199 We have computed the absolute chemical potential of glycine oligomers at infinite dilu

200 be dynamically switched off by lowering the chemical potential of graphene.

201 xygen reduction reaction (ORR); however, the chemical potential of H2 replaces an external electrical

202 ter simulations, we show that regulating the chemical potential of lipid species is sufficient to rep

203 As the chemical potential of O2 increases chemisorbed oxygen fo

204 te cooling may be accomplished by tuning the chemical potential of photons without using coherent las

205 unctional theory techniques to calculate the chemical potential of possible Ti arrangements on an Al(

206 lalities when temperature, pressure, and the chemical potential of solute 3 are fixed.

207 cal ionic strength that increases the excess chemical potential of sorbed and uncharged organic react

208 This suggests that the chemical potential of TG is lower in the vicinity of aqu

209 which is attributed to the increasing excess chemical potential of the alcohols in the pores, increas

210 gradients across coupling membranes into the chemical potential of the beta-gamma anhydride bond of A

211 The former is achieved by the chemical potential of the bridge groups, while the latte

212 ion of ceMoS(2) by triggering a shift in the chemical potential of the ceMoS(2) surface as a function

213 ce is the perturbation by the protein of the chemical potential of the cosolvent.

214 osmolytes stabilize proteins by raising the chemical potential of the denatured ensemble, and the un

215 A metal will fix the chemical potential of the electrons and perturb the elec

216 radient flow batteries for energy storage in chemical potential of the engineered solutions.

217 The method also estimates the chemical potential of the factor that defines the thresh

218 ying SrTiO3 substrates, we control the local chemical potential of the films.

219 TP hydrolysis; the system harnesses the full chemical potential of the hydrolysis reaction to the syn

220 By expressing the excess chemical potential of the ion as a sum of mean-field eps

221 The excess or nonideal chemical potential of the native state and of each denat

222 The exploration of the chemical potential of the nitro group and a putative rea

223 , detailed thermodynamic calculations on the chemical potential of the organic contaminant reveal tha

224 n from the photodiode due to a change in the chemical potential of the photons under an applied rever

225 olutions made in different solvents based on chemical potential of the proton in the solutions.

226 dependently determining the etching rate and chemical potential of the reaction, respectively.

227 sequence is linearly dependent on the water chemical potential of the solution, set using several ve

228 h other in the 0D complex by controlling the chemical potential of the system via Le Chatelier's prin

229 tion as a reagent in chemical reactions; the chemical potential of this reagent is tunable by the lig

230 Here, we lower the chemical potential of three-dimensional (3D) Bi2Se3 film

231 This study undoubtedly shows that both the chemical potential of water and its physical state influ

232 e the energies of quantum levels, the formal chemical potentials of bands obey the Rydberg-Ritz combi

233 Controlling the solution and lattice chemical potentials of Cd(2+) and Mn(2+) allows Mn(2+) d

234 Here, we show that the chemical potentials of chalcogenide materials near the e

235 on derived from ab initio calculation of the chemical potentials of light elements dissolved in solid

236 , which depends on the nanowire diameter and chemical potentials of precursors.

237 a measure of the mutual perturbations of the chemical potentials of the cosolvent and the protein.

238 ration; and the large difference between the chemical potentials of the gaseous growth species and th

239 sharp peaks at the tilt dependent effective chemical potentials of the left-handed and right-handed

240 driving force for motion is the gradient of chemical potentials of the proteins.

241 ntiometric measurement for comparison of the chemical potentials of the proton in different solutions

242 ble to change the temperature, pressure, and chemical potentials of the several components in any the

243 h an association constant K(AB) is to equate chemical potentials of the species on the left- and righ

244 K-12, conformationally couples the rates and chemical potentials of the two reactions that it catalyz

245 roperties of materials are determined by the chemical potentials of their constituents.

246 arget complex that catalyzes and couples the chemical potentials of two reactions: GTP hydrolysis and

247 alose considerably elevates the activity (or chemical potential) of KCl, raising the salt activity co

248 reveal that the organic species has a higher chemical potential on the permeate side of the membrane

249 his correlation highlights the effect of the chemical potential on the SERS enhancement at the end of

250 aracterized either by an increased effective chemical potential or by a reduced effective temperature

251 scenario is often destroyed by an incorrect chemical potential or competing instabilities.

252 ctance of the point contact as a function of chemical potential or confinement.

253 ctrochemical polarization to tune the oxygen chemical potential over many orders of magnitude.

254 rium thermodynamic models that this "uphill" chemical potential permeation of the organic does not re

255 that is strictly a measure of the cosolvent chemical potential perturbation by the protein in the te

256 tate through a selective energy input, e.g., chemical potential, photoirradiation, mechanical grindin

257 ng a multidimensional landscape where oxygen chemical potential plays a decisive role.

258 The observed chemical potential profile is in excellent agreement wit

259 antial changes in specific components of the chemical potential profiles are found far from the mutat

260 , concurrent measurements of resistivity and chemical potential provide the temperature-dependent cha

261 nding domain, and its magnitude by the local chemical potential rather than the applied current.

262 fying dissipative effects in temperature and chemical potential regimes far from perfect quantization

263 We analyze and determine the chemical potential relative to the energy of the threefo

264 However, neither water density nor excess chemical potential reliably indicates the thermodynamic

265 Measurements of the chemical potential resolve the energies of the four-fold

266 n of a phase diagram as a function of oxygen chemical potential, revealing a variety of reconstructed

267 ependence of the electron, hole, and exciton chemical potentials reveals strong correlation effects a

268 sed to determine interfacial temperature and chemical potential(s) that are consistent with nonequili

269 inimize the distance in the hyperdimensional chemical potential space to Y(2)Mn(2)O(7), thus providin

270 a general expression for s as a function of chemical potential, temperature and gap magnitude for th

271 ablishes a catalytic pathway that allows the chemical potential that had been transferred to the APS

272 able energy, then jumps occur in cholesterol chemical potential that lead to its precipitation from t

273 st, Dy(2)Ge(2)O(7), with a radically altered chemical potential that stabilizes a large fraction of m

274 dity is observed in the compressibility, the chemical potential, the entropy, and the heat capacity,

275 n of ideal and nonideal contributions to the chemical potential, the equation of motion shows a purel

276 Depending on the chemical potential, the FIs induce either an anomalous o

277 by the proton motive force, composed of the chemical potential, the proton gradient (DeltapH), and t

278 By tuning conditions toward low oxygen chemical potential, this metastable state and the result

279 By using electrical gating to move the chemical potential through the "Moire bands", we demonst

280 Our chemical potential titrations describe the thermodynamic

281 How these two kinds of proteins convert chemical potential to a proton transmembrane electrochem

282 nes operate far from equilibrium by coupling chemical potential to repeated cycles of dissipative nan

283 also find that the magnetic field pulls the chemical potential to the chiral n = 0 Landau level in t

284 ism is required for allocation of associated chemical potential to the distinct demands, such as ATP

285 dynamic consequences of the resulting proton chemical potential to the oxidation reaction driving the

286 This causes the receptor's chemical potential to vary across the membrane.

287 ides a means for controlling the quantity of chemical potential transferred to the APS reaction.

288 g up to the optimum level does not shift the chemical potential, unlike in ordinary Fermi liquids.

289 We probed its chemical potential using double bilayer graphene heteros

290 e spatial dependence of these states and the chemical potential variation within the flat bands, we i

291 n at (T, pel), including its vapor pressure, chemical potential, volume, internal energy, enthalpy an

292 precedent resonant length measurement using chemical potential waves analogous to laser detection.

293 It is shown that suitable linear chemical potential waves can, in fact, be manufactured b

294 Considering the quasi-Fermi levels as chemical potentials, we demonstrate that increasing the

295 iliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantu

296 ynamically equivalent, because the change in chemical potential when transferring water from the inte

297 a) gives the fraction of the overall binding chemical potential where the LA complex is established.

298 emical interaction described by an offset in chemical potential, which likely reflects the difference

299 how dopant segregation is affected by oxygen chemical potential, which varies over a wide range in el

300 Adjusting the chemical potential with the use of the electric field ef