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1 e agents (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, or chlorambucil).
2 ctiveness of the well-known anticancer drug (chlorambucil).
3 utinib monotherapy, or obinutuzumab and oral chlorambucil.
4 d in patients who progressed on obinutuzumab-chlorambucil.
5 osphonium derivative of the nitrogen mustard chlorambucil.
6 tected CLL cells from apoptosis induction by chlorambucil.
7 lt in a major clinical benefit compared with chlorambucil.
8 ing first-line therapy with fludarabine with chlorambucil.
9 ng agents temozolomide (TMZ), carmustine and chlorambucil.
10 cyclophosphamide, or fludarabine, than with chlorambucil.
11 abine plus cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, or chlorambucil.
12 icity induced by fludarabine, cladribine, or chlorambucil.
13 apy, and 14 (8%) patients given obinutuzumab-chlorambucil.
14 lorambucil, fludarabine, or fludarabine plus chlorambucil.
15 lorambucil, fludarabine, or fludarabine plus chlorambucil.
16 remission and progression-free survival than chlorambucil.
17 tients were assigned to receive obinutuzumab-chlorambucil.
18 t does not respond to initial treatment with chlorambucil.
19 is pH dependent for both mechlorethamine and chlorambucil.
20 from the cytotoxicity of a nitrogen mustard, chlorambucil.
21 ely 4-fold resistance to the anticancer drug chlorambucil.
22 e run were conjugated at one or both ends to chlorambucil.
23 rutinib and 0.7 years (95% CI, 0.4-1.2) with chlorambucil.
24 nib, and 15 (9%) patients given obinutuzumab-chlorambucil.
25 less intense regimens like obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil.
26 tuzumab plus chlorambucil, or rituximab plus chlorambucil.
27 ior to rituximab when each was combined with chlorambucil.
28 ravenously, every 28 days, for 6 courses) or chlorambucil (0.4 mg/kg body weight [BW] with an increas
30 es]) or chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab (oral chlorambucil [0.5 mg/kg bodyweight on days 1 and 15 of e
31 lorambucil-obinutuzumab group (six cycles of chlorambucil [0.5 mg/kg, orally, on days 1 and 15 of eac
34 omly assigned patients (1:1) to receive oral chlorambucil (10 mg/m(2)) on days 1-7 of a 28 day treatm
35 cycle one, and 500 mg/m(2) thereafter) plus chlorambucil (10 mg/m(2)/d all cycles; day 1 through 7)
37 tinum (2.4 mg/kg), carboplatinum (50 mg/kg), chlorambucil (12 mg/kg), BCNU (13.2 mg/kg), or TBI (80 c
40 meter per day for 5 days every 28 days) plus chlorambucil (20 mg per square meter every 28 days).
41 tients, 33 of whom received prednisolone and chlorambucil, 37 ciclosporin, and 38 supportive therapy
44 travenously daily for 5 days every 28 days), chlorambucil (40 mg per square meter, given orally every
45 two groups (median overall survival for oral chlorambucil 5.9 [range 0-17.8] years and for observatio
46 h stable disease continued to be given daily chlorambucil 6 mg/m(2) PO for 14 consecutive days every
50 with single-agent fludarabine compared with chlorambucil alone or the combination of both agents had
51 ab in MALT Lymphoma) was launched to compare chlorambucil alone versus chlorambucil plus rituximab in
52 group (109 [50%] patients; vs 98 [43%] given chlorambucil alone), with neutropenia being the most com
53 obinutuzumab-chlorambucil, as compared with chlorambucil alone, prolonged overall survival (hazard r
54 r clinical outcomes than does treatment with chlorambucil alone, while also being tolerable for patie
58 inutuzumab-chlorambucil vs. 11.1 months with chlorambucil alone; hazard ratio for progression or deat
59 rituximab-chlorambucil vs. 11.1 months with chlorambucil alone; hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.34 to
60 ival in the other two groups (56 months with chlorambucil and 55 months with combined treatment).
62 tor increased their sensitivity to acrolein, chlorambucil and cisplatin between 1.9-fold and 3.1-fold
63 Leukemia 4 (UK LRF CCL4) trial that compared chlorambucil and fludarabine with and without cyclophosp
64 intensive CIT, the combination treatment of chlorambucil and obinutuzumab or ofatumumab is an option
65 f 142 patients treated with fludarabine plus chlorambucil and one (0.5%) of 188 receiving fludarabine
67 tance to the cytotoxic drugs fludarabine and chlorambucil and to the novel p53-elevating agent nutlin
69 bine plus cyclophosphamide, bendamustine, or chlorambucil) and anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab, ofatumu
70 (chlorambucil, rituximab, and rituximab plus chlorambucil), and was confirmed in the validation set.
71 ine significantly improved PFS compared with chlorambucil, and in patients with WM, it improved OS.
72 iven luciferase activity by cisplatin, BCNU, chlorambucil, and melphalan and also induced endogenous
74 apeutic option; however, response rates with chlorambucil are low, and more effective treatments are
75 ent failure was significantly shorter in the chlorambucil arm (11 vs 18 months; P = .004), but no dif
76 he fludarabine arm versus 69.8 months in the chlorambucil arm (95% CI, 61.6 to 79.8 months; P = .014)
78 cies were significantly more frequent in the chlorambucil arm with 6-year cumulative incidence rate o
80 ved in the fludarabine arm compared with the chlorambucil arm: PFS, 36.3 versus 27.1 months (P = .012
87 with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil or rituximab-chlorambucil, as compared with chlorambucil monotherapy,
89 h 6) or chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab (oral chlorambucil at 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight on days 1 and 15 of
90 rds (namely, mechlorethamine, melphalan, and chlorambucil), at least in the mouse embryonic stem cell
92 AFC content) in animals given carboplatinum, chlorambucil, BCNU, and TBI, but not in animals treated
96 binutuzumab-chlorambucil than with rituximab-chlorambucil, but the risk of infection was not increase
97 Interaction effects of fludarabine versus chlorambucil by age group (PFS, P = .046; OS, P = .006)
98 7 of a 28 day treatment course or to receive chlorambucil by this schedule plus intravenous ofatumuma
101 In this study MT was incubated in vitro with chlorambucil (CHB) under conditions where only 1:1 coval
103 progression-free survival over obinutuzumab-chlorambucil chemoimmunotherapy, providing a chemotherap
106 , which combines the DNA crosslinking moiety chlorambucil (Chl) with a sequence-selective hairpin pyr
109 nthracyclines induced greatest resistance to chlorambucil, cisplatin, carboplatin, and cladribine.
110 ges based on a COUPY scaffold, incorporating chlorambucil (CLB) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) as b
111 1, a 3-arm phase 3 trial comparing frontline chlorambucil (Clb) vs Clb plus rituximab (Clb-R) or Clb
114 risons), which were in turn better than with chlorambucil (complete response rate 7%, overall respons
116 tigate whether the addition of ofatumumab to chlorambucil could lead to better clinical outcomes than
117 uced by treating patients with prednisolone, chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, anthracycline, or fludar
118 l, showing that the observed protection from chlorambucil cytotoxicity was absolutely dependent upon
119 Conclusion Rituximab in combination with chlorambucil demonstrated superior efficacy in mucosa-as
122 ples from the LRF CLL4 trial, which compared chlorambucil, fludarabine, and FC, were screened by TaqM
124 ed intergroup study comparing treatment with chlorambucil, fludarabine, or fludarabine plus chlorambu
125 Patients were randomized to therapy with chlorambucil, fludarabine, or fludarabine plus chlorambu
127 d, anti-CD20 antibody recently approved with chlorambucil for the initial therapy of chronic lymphocy
128 , a phase 3 study of first-line ibrutinib vs chlorambucil for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic le
129 trial (NCT02242942), comparing obinutuzumab+chlorambucil (GClb) vs obinutuzumab+venetoclax (VenG).
131 r groove, it is inaccessible to the tethered chlorambucil group of the ODN during the search for homo
132 significantly lower in the prednisolone and chlorambucil group than in the supportive care group (19
133 oups but were higher in the prednisolone and chlorambucil group than in the supportive care only grou
134 signment of patients to the fludarabine-plus-chlorambucil group was stopped when a planned interim an
139 (ODNs) bearing the reactive nitrogen mustard chlorambucil have been used as sequence-directed affinit
140 anticancer activity/selectivity of the drug chlorambucil, herein we report the synthesis and antican
141 NA modifications induced by formaldehyde or chlorambucil in mixtures of calf thymus DNA, yeast RNA a
142 mission after treatment with fludarabine and chlorambucil in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukem
144 red the efficacy of fludarabine with that of chlorambucil in the primary treatment of chronic lymphoc
145 d with that of rituximab, each combined with chlorambucil, in patients with previously untreated CLL
148 ion, 6 months' therapy with prednisolone and chlorambucil is the treatment approach best supported by
150 ow-up of 7.4 years, addition of rituximab to chlorambucil led to significantly better EFS (hazard rat
151 suggesting that the addition of rituximab to chlorambucil may improve efficacy with no unexpected adv
153 inib monotherapy, compared with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil (median not reached with acalabrutinib and
154 er drugs cisplatin, etoposide, mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, melphalan, and carmustine [1,3-bis(2-chlor
156 domly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either chlorambucil monotherapy (6 mg/m(2)/d orally on weeks 1
157 obinutuzumab have shown superior efficacy to chlorambucil monotherapy and are standard first-line tre
159 or rituximab-chlorambucil, as compared with chlorambucil monotherapy, increased response rates and p
160 orably with previously published results for chlorambucil monotherapy, suggesting that the addition o
162 erior progression-free survival (PFS) versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab in older/comorbid patients w
163 treatment with ibrutinib + venetoclax versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab regardless of MRD status at
168 earance of 30 to 69 ml per minute to receive chlorambucil, obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil, or rituxim
169 tuzumab and acalabrutinib vs 27.8 months for chlorambucil-obinutuzumab (both P < .0001); estimated 72
173 d PFS with acalabrutinib +/- obinutuzumab vs chlorambucil-obinutuzumab (P < .0001, P <= .0009, and P
175 CLL14 (venetoclax-obinutuzumab [Ven-Obi] vs. chlorambucil-obinutuzumab [Clb-Obi])) using error-correc
176 binutuzumab group and 77 had occurred in the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95%
177 t-treatment infections) and 30 deaths in the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group (of which 10 were due to
178 ly, including a 5-week dose ramp-up]) or the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group (six cycles of chlorambu
179 ing the primary analysis, one patient in the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group had a serious adverse ev
180 uzumab group and in 48.1% of patients in the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group, and grade 3 or 4 infect
182 he venetoclax-obinutuzumab group than in the chlorambucil-obinutuzumab group: 88.2% (95% CI, 83.7 to
183 ed superior progression-free survival versus chlorambucil-obinutuzumab in patients with previously un
184 h longer PFS in both acalabrutinib arms than chlorambucil-obinutuzumab including in patients with hig
190 a site containing all four bases and bearing chlorambucil on an interior base was shown to efficientl
192 months (10.6-13.8) in the group assigned to chlorambucil only (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.45-0.72;
193 single agents, such as the established drugs chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide, or the newer purine an
195 ty-seven patients were randomized to receive chlorambucil or fludarabine, alone or with cyclophospham
200 analogue, bendamustine, anti-CD20 antibody, chlorambucil, or alemtuzumab as first-line or second-lin
204 hs of alternating cycles of prednisolone and chlorambucil, or supportive treatment plus 12 months of
205 the advantage of double therapy (rituximab + chlorambucil) over single therapy (rituximab or chloramb
207 ere more frequent with fludarabine than with chlorambucil (P=0.08), although, overall, toxic effects
208 ) after single-agent therapy (fludarabine or chlorambucil) (P = .001), but the presence of only seven
210 FS and OS was improved with fludarabine over chlorambucil (PFS: hazard ratio [HR] = 0.6, 95% CI, 0.5
211 ession-free survival than did patients given chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.22-0.4
214 8-day cycles, for a total of six cycles]) or chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab (oral chlorambucil [0.5 m
215 y 1000 mg on day 1 of cycles 2 through 6) or chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab (oral chlorambucil at 0.5
216 hed [95% CI 33.6-non-estimable]) than in the chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab group (19.0 months [15.1-
217 sepsis) and two (1%) of 214 patients in the chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab group (n=1 septic shock,
218 n death) and one (1%) of 115 patients in the chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab group (neuroendocrine car
224 bination of ibrutinib plus obinutuzumab with chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab in first-line chronic lym
225 ination of venetoclax plus obinutuzumab with chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab in patients with previous
226 y improve progression-survival compared with chlorambucil plus obinutuzumab, thereby providing a limi
228 , 2011, we randomly assigned 221 patients to chlorambucil plus ofatumumab and 226 patients to chloram
229 (95% CI 19.0-25.2) in the group assigned to chlorambucil plus ofatumumab compared with 13.1 months (
230 eater adverse events were more common in the chlorambucil plus ofatumumab group (109 [50%] patients;
233 aunched to compare chlorambucil alone versus chlorambucil plus rituximab in patients not previously g
234 udy (Randomized Trial of Chlorambucil Versus Chlorambucil Plus Rituximab Versus Rituximab in MALT Lym
235 d to assess how the addition of rituximab to chlorambucil (R-chlorambucil) would affect safety and ef
239 t was shown that in MCF7 cells resistance to chlorambucil requires both intact MRP1-dependent efflux
240 Combination therapy with fludarabine plus chlorambucil resulted in significantly more infections t
241 mab-chlorambucil, as compared with rituximab-chlorambucil, resulted in prolongation of progression-fr
242 yamine-based chemoselective glycosylation of chlorambucil revealed sugar- and linker-dependent partit
244 nongastric lymphomas, in each treatment arm (chlorambucil, rituximab, and rituximab plus chlorambucil
245 vely; trend over dose categories, P =.04) or chlorambucil (RRs = 3.8 and 8.4 for duration < 10 months
246 17 to 18, and 21 to 22) or a combination of chlorambucil (same schedule as above) and rituximab (375
247 of MRP1 alone failed to confer resistance to chlorambucil, showing that the observed protection from
248 utropenia were more common with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil than with rituximab-chlorambucil, but the r
249 e SO may be a lifelong condition and because chlorambucil therapy may offer long-term, drug-free remi
252 The randomized WM1 study (Trial Comparing Chlorambucil to Fludarabine in Patients With Advanced Wa
254 one (0.5%) of 188 receiving fludarabine; no chlorambucil-treated patients developed t-MDS or t-AML (
256 m was to compare administration of immediate chlorambucil treatment with a policy of delaying chloram
259 rambucil treatment with a policy of delaying chlorambucil until clinical progression necessitated its
260 The IELSG-19 study (Randomized Trial of Chlorambucil Versus Chlorambucil Plus Rituximab Versus R
262 pecified before randomization as alternating chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolon
263 improved side-effect profile, the regimen of chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone
265 free survival, 26.7 months with obinutuzumab-chlorambucil vs. 11.1 months with chlorambucil alone; ha
266 .24; P<0.001; and 16.3 months with rituximab-chlorambucil vs. 11.1 months with chlorambucil alone; ha
267 total cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil was 118 gm and 6.5 gm, respectively, over a
270 g oligonucleotide with a terminally appended chlorambucil was shown to label a target guanine residue
271 ponding values for 181 patients treated with chlorambucil were 4 percent and 33 percent (P< 0.001 for
272 Previously, combinations of fludarabine and chlorambucil were abandoned because of increased toxicit
274 rge cumulative doses of cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil were associated with the development of MDS
277 rutinib with or without obinutuzumab against chlorambucil with obinutuzumab in patients with treatmen
279 the addition of rituximab to chlorambucil (R-chlorambucil) would affect safety and efficacy in patien