ライフサイエンスコーパス: chloramine

1 ctants in the formation of nitrosamines from chloramine.

2 in California were treated with chlorine and chloramine.

3 tertiary alcohols or C-tertiary amines using chloramine.

4 to yield long-lived, selectively reactive N-chloramines.

5 ve and quantitative determination of organic chloramines.

6 st hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, and chloramines.

7 ochlorous acid (HOCl), chlorine (Cl(2)), and chloramines.

8 creases NDMA(UFC) by competing for available chloramines.

9 ably, OSCN(-) reacts faster than SCN(-) with chloramines.

10 moke might promote nucleobase oxidation by N-chloramines.

11 For ROP with 1.4 mg/L as Cl(2) chloramines, 0.5 log 1,4-dioxane removal was achieved in

12 For ROP without chloramines, 0.5 log 1,4-dioxane removal was achieved in

13 mizing H(2)O(2) (an added photo-oxidant) and chloramines (a carry-over photo-oxidant) doses.

14 is of significance because they are organic chloramines, a family of compounds that is perceived to

15 The reaction pathway involves chloramine and aldehyde intermediates, and converts the

16 These trade-offs between chloramine and H(2)O(2) as oxidants, and the recommended

17 peaks correlated with the formation of an N-chloramine and the product of its subsequent reaction wi

18 nts of HOBr produced by the decomposition of chloramines and bromamines.

19 s, we propose a reaction mechanism involving chloramines and chloramides as reaction intermediates, w

20 Net formation and decomposition of chloramines and cyanogen chloride (CNCl) were measured f

21 pathways in both cases (i.e., reactions with chloramines and free chlorine).

22 These results indicate that long-lived chloramines and HOCl generated by myeloperoxidase can ge

23 fter the AOP from reactions between residual chloramines and NDMA precursors in the AOP product water

24 cursors and natural organic matter (NOM) for chloramines and reduced interactions of precursors with

25 labeled dT(40) and SSB was also generated by chloramines and the complete myeloperoxidase-hydrogen pe

26 The rapid formation of chloramines and their slow decay indicate that they are

27 er (NOM) concentrates treated with chlorine, chloramine, and medium pressure ultraviolet (UV) irradia

28 s of drinking water DBPs formed by chlorine, chloramine, and ozone are presented.

29 As) from the popular disinfectants chlorine, chloramine, and ozone.

30 tion of apoB lysine residues, formation of N-chloramines, and increases in the relative electrophoret

31 nts were the dominant source of NDMA and its chloramine- and ozone-reactive precursors.

32 (RO) permeate often includes the de facto UV/chloramine AOP because chloramines applied upstream perm

33 hlorine AOP and approximately 35% for the UV/chloramine AOP such that (*)OH was generally more import

34 The performance of the UV/chloramine AOP was comparable to the UV/H2O2 AOP for deg

35 ludes the de facto UV/chloramine AOP because chloramines applied upstream permeate RO membranes.

36 e the principal initial targets of HOCl, and chloramines are a significant product.

37 -offs between Legionella and mycobacteria if chloramines are applied as secondary disinfectant residu

38 principal product was chloropicrin, because chloramines are commonly assumed to react similarly to,

39 Inorganic chloramines are commonly used drinking water disinfectan

40 Previous research has indicated that lysine chloramines are cytotoxic and genotoxic to human cells.

41 Chloramines are the second most used secondary disinfect

42 an occur in water distribution systems where chloramines are used as the disinfectant.

43 found that diketonitrile reacts faster with chloramine as pH values decreased, consistent with an at

44 tilities have switched from free chlorine to chloramines as a secondary disinfectant.

45 ons were incorporated into a widely accepted chloramine autodecomposition model, providing a comprehe

46 ty threshold to disinfectants such as ozone, chloramine B, and free chlorine.

47 inogenic N-nitrosamines as byproducts during chloramine-based drinking water disinfection.

48 ard free energies of formation for inorganic chloramines, bromamines, and bromochloramines, based on

49 d observed that a sublethal bolus of glycine chloramine, but not H(2)O(2), significantly inhibited DN

50 Preozonation followed by chlorine or chloramine can significantly increase HNM formation.

51 acity of the hemodialysis equipment to clear chloramine can vary as a function of external factors.

52 ge in the disinfectant from free chlorine to chloramine caused an increase in lead corrosion.

53 Overall, chloramine chemistry alters the Cl. production mechanism

54 Chloramine chemistry is complex, with a variety of react

55 ations and included (1) the unified model of chloramine chemistry revised with HNO as a direct produc

56 f incrementally increased doses of chlorine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, and copper-silver disinfec

57 Effects of disinfectant (chloramines, chlorine), water age (2.3 days, 5.7 days),

58 tion from solar irradiation of chlorine- and chloramine-containing irrigation droplets and uptake thr

59 The increasing use of chlorine- or chloramine-containing irrigation waters to minimize food

60 Spraying with chloramine-containing waters in the dark minimized chlor

61 Chlorination of ammonia or chloramine-containing waters induces breakpoint chlorina

62 Model system studies demonstrated that N-chloramines convert uracil to 5-chlorouracil.

63 otolysis) accounted for approximately 50% of chloramine decay and approximately 80% of free chlorine

64 iously unidentified end product of inorganic chloramine decomposition.

65 Chloramine degradation rates and Coulombic efficiencies

66 After formation, organic chloramines degrade into aldehydes, nitriles and N-chlor

67 d DNA methyltransferase 1 activity, but only chloramine depleted SAM, suggesting that removal of subs

68 Chloramine did not similarly inhibit solder corrosion ov

69 artmannella vermiformis and the depletion of chloramine disinfectant residuals by nitrifying bacteria

70 ium bisulfite as an electron donor to quench chloramine disinfectant residuals in municipal wastewate

71 h chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, UV, and chloramine disinfection are critically reviewed.

72 A kinetic model for conditions relevant to chloramine disinfection of drinking water (pH 6-9 and ca

73 e of water disinfection byproducts formed by chloramine disinfection of model phenolic acids is descr

74 , conventional practices, including chlorine-chloramine disinfection, flushing of DWDS, nutrient remo

75 arily by measuring NDMA formed under the low chloramine dose uniform formation conditions protocol (N

76 ammonia are rapidly converted to bromine and chloramines during chlorination.

77 Typically, electron-deficient N-chloramines effectively react with aryne intermediates g

78 Chloramines eliminated culturable Legionella and prevent

79 Chloramines, especially trichloramine, are emerging prec

80 Chloramines eventually decompose to irreversibly damage

81 shows that chlorine disinfection followed by chloramines for maintaining a distribution system residu

82 using chlorine as a primary disinfectant and chloramines for maintenance of a distribution system res

83 With the chloramine formation assay, the total reactive amines we

84 s initially chlorinated, which suggests that chloramine formation is the first step in tyrosine chlor

85 e oocyte recording medium identified organic chloramines formed by the interaction of HOCl with HEPES

86 In addition, chloramines formed by the interaction of HOCl with tauri

87 The lysine chloramines formed lysine nitrile and lysine aldehyde at

88 The arginine chloramines formed ornithine nitrile at ~3% yield over ~

89 sodes were caused by inadequate clearance of chloramine from the tap water used for portable dialysis

90 In this paper, the formation of organic chloramines from chlorination of lysine, tyrosine and va

91 is proposed to be a Lys-epsilonNH-Cl (lysine chloramine) from reaction of enzyme-generated HOCl with

92 s with taurine chloramine or with long lived chloramines generated from modified Lys or Arg.

93 l-induced apoptosis is mediated by aminoacyl chloramines generated in the culture media and can be mi

94 Chloramines in drinking water may form N-nitrosodimethyl

95 onstrate that SCN(-) reacts efficiently with chloramines in small molecules, in proteins, and in Esch

96 Using a reliable test method to identify chloramines in the water prior to entering the hemodialy

97 its reactive intermediates (such as organic chloramines) inhibit ENaC by affecting channel gating, w

98 afe water supply, but the use of chlorine or chloramine leads to exposure to disinfection byproducts

99 This covalent enzyme chloramine likely plays a key role in directing regiospe

100 ing the mask increases reactive formation of chloramines, likely related to uptake of ammonia and HOC

101 A kinetic model indicates that under chloramine-limited UFC test conditions, the increase in

102 ed with chloramination, ozone addition after chloramines maintained a higher RO flux.

103 We conclude that, though residual chloramine may increase mycobacterial biomass in a DWDS,

104 These reactions of SCN(-) and OSCN(-) with chloramines may repair some of the damage that is inflic

105 HE was exposed to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chloramines, MPO/H2O2/chloride, and activated human neut

106 has been developed by aryne insertion into N-chloramine, N-bromoamine, and N-iodoamine bonds via two

107 ClNO(2) and chloramine (NH(2)Cl, NHCl(2), NCl(3)) production occurre

108 ependence of the photolysis of two inorganic chloramines (NH(2)Cl and NHCl(2)) and their subsequent r

109 relative rates of chlorination at amine and chloramine nitrogens are a function of pH and depend on

110 During formation potential testing with chloramines, nitrosamine yields from IOM were measured f

111 (precursor test conducted in the presence of chloramines) of TSNAs in treated water from two wastewat

112 free chlorine within seconds but reacts with chloramine on the time scale of hours to days.

113 of UV-C and UV-C/H(2)O(2) in the presence of chloramines on the N-nitrosodimethylamine formation pote

114 roduced by neutrophils, H(2)O(2) and glycine chloramine, on maintenance DNA methylation in Jurkat T l

115 o commonly applied disinfectants, copper and chloramines, on water chemistry and the growth of Legion

116 implying that Lys79 probably does not form a chloramine or bromamine intermediate as previously propo

117 mimicked by treatment of cells with taurine chloramine or with long lived chloramines generated from

118 (-) and I(-) after disinfection by chlorine, chloramines, or ozone.

119 rometry (LC-MS) to demonstrate that HOCl and chloramines oxidize GSSG to two irreversible products in

120 zed the effects of different combinations of chloramines, ozone, and biological activated carbon (BAC

121 led balancing in a model proposed for the UV/chloramine process.

122 Net chloramine production was observed at a higher current d

123 one may serve as a key branching point, with chloramines promoting the formation of dichloroacetamide

124 mbient specific and total N-nitrosamines and chloramine-reactive and ozone-reactive N-nitrosamine pre

125 specific and total N-nitrosamines as well as chloramine-reactive and ozone-reactive precursors in 47

126 effective than O(3)/GAC for the reduction in chloramine-reactive N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precur

127 itidine substantially increased NDMA and its chloramine-reactive precursors in urine.

128 involved synthesis of polymers bearing less chloramine-reactive quaternary ammonium groups with dipr

129 polymer-bound tertiary amine groups to less chloramine-reactive quaternary ammonium groups.

130 raminated DWDS in the United States (initial chloramine residual = 3.8 +/- 0.1 mg L(-1)) and a DWDS i

131 se DBPs measured after re-establishment of a chloramine residual within the facilities than prior to

132 hing rapidly restored the total chlorine (as chloramine) residual and decreased bacterial gene target

133 In this study, degradation of chloramine residuals within authentic municipal wastewat

134 vailable sulfonyl nitrenoid sources known as chloramine salts (R3SO2NClNa), essentially by simply sti

135 hat incorporated subsequent free chlorine or chloramine scavenging by the (*)Cl and (*)OH daughter ra

136 chloramine transport profiling measured by a chloramine-sensitive microelectrode revealed a broader d

137 and arginine cationic side chains to neutral chloramines should alter protein structure and function

138 ormation was much less significant in sunlit chloramine solutions.

139 Dichloramine is the chloramine species known to react with NDMA precursors t

140 ctivation of sqKv1A channels in oocytes, and chloramine T (Chl-T) accelerated inactivation.

141 The oxidant chloramine T (ChlorT, 1 mM) weakly inhibited 8C, but pot

142 ylalkenes with V(2)O(3)Dipic(2)(HMPA)(2) and chloramine T as the quantitative source of N.

143 125I-labeled-IGF-I was prepared using the chloramine T method.

144 These products could then be iodinated with chloramine T to give the 125I-derivatives.

145 se of labeling human FGF-1 with Na(125)I and chloramine T, it was observed that the protein lost its

146 for the first time by simple treatment with chloramine T, while phenotellurazinimides remain elusive

147 te was mimicked by the thiol-oxidizing agent chloramine T.

148 o methionine oxidation caused by the oxidant chloramine-T (Ch-T) without altering other functional ch

149 The oxidant chloramine-T (ChlorT, 1 mM) weakly (~25%) inhibited LRRC

150 000, bromelain-contained gel (F1), bromelain-chloramine-T (F2), and bromelain-chlorhexidine gel (F3).

151 tion targets in catalase were detected using chloramine-T as a milder oxidant.

152 de determination was made through the use of chloramine-T as carbonyl reagent.

153 The bromelain-chloramine-T gel (F2) produced the smoothest smear-free

154 es, we labeled protomeric fibronectin by the chloramine-T method or with 125I-Bolton-Hunter reagent,

155 was compared with (131)I-RS7 (labeled by the chloramine-T method) in paired-label biodistribution stu

156 furo[2,3-b]pyridine 4 was synthesized by the chloramine-T method.

157 on to 131I linked to MAb by the conventional chloramine-T methodology.

158 ole formation in the presence of inexpensive chloramine-T trihydrate.

159 exposure to epifluorescence illumination or chloramine-T) abolished inactivation.

160 the oxidant, which is a fluorous analogue of chloramine-T, was obtained.

161 block of persistent late hNav1.4 currents in chloramine-T-pretreated cells by mexiletine was 7.5 +/-

162 postulated to involve the actions of taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl) derived via halide-dependent myelope

163 However, inorganic chloramines themselves produce by-products that are poor

164 Taurine chloramine (TN-Cl) is one of the most abundant compounds

165 tion of diketonitrile with free chlorine and chloramine to form DCAN.

166 26 mA/cm(2) cathodic current density reduced chloramines to ammonia and avoided oxidation at the IrO(

167 regeneration upon Cl[+1] transfer from their chloramines to tyrosines.

168 er distribution systems (DWDSs) due to their chloramine tolerance.

169 by treating CaMKII with diamide or histamine chloramine, two thiol-oxidizing agents.

170 d kinetics of nitromethane transformation by chloramines, unlike those for free chlorine, are unknown

171 more cytotoxic than those treated with only chloramine using either dose metric.

172 oducts (DBPs) after treatment by chlorine or chloramines weighted by metrics of toxic potency in 10 f

173 Samples treated with UV+chloramine were more cytotoxic than those treated with o

174 Chloramines were applied to organic precursors serving a

175 HOCl, Cl(2), and chloramines were observed during disinfection and concen

176 Meanwhile, chloramines, which are added to prevent biofouling, pass

177 let (UV) irradiation followed by chlorine or chloramine, with and without nitrate or iodide spiking.

178 h continuous flow, and it did not occur with chloramine, with intermittent flow, or if orthophosphate

179 by ClO(2) reactions with produce as inactive chloramines without scavenging ClO(2).