ライフサイエンスコーパス: chloride ion

1 motif, which is involved in the binding of a chloride ion.

2 mately 11 kcal/mol free energy barrier for a chloride ion.

3 than 2 compared to the same concentration of chloride ion.

4 ligand of the facial triad is replaced by a chloride ion.

5 ufficient lifetime to be trapped by external chloride ion.

6 , the radius of which is less than that of a chloride ion.

7 found to be more stabilizing than monovalent chloride ion.

8 ed-phenyl groups to C-1 with displacement of chloride ion.

9 ring of acivicin with the displacement of a chloride ion.

10 ees, that rapidly metabolizes TCE, releasing chloride ion.

11 e histidine ligand is lost and replaced by a chloride ion.

12 l chloride from S-adenosine-L-methionine and chloride ion.

13 opening of unsymmetrical phenonium ions with chloride ions.

14 idyl-derived building block and iron(II) and chloride ions.

15 endent low-affinity binding of extracellular chloride ions.

16 sodium ions while hindering translocation of chloride ions.

17 aF, demonstrating specific interactions with chloride ions.

18 ical activity, is modulated by intracellular chloride ions.

19 death of amacrine cells was not mediated by chloride ions.

20 ization due to an increase in conductance to chloride ions.

21 channels with a permeability to calcium and chloride ions.

22 of 0.48 micromol of the degradation product, chloride ions.

23 screening of the membrane surface charges by chloride ions.

24 gether to form a single conductance pore for chloride ions.

25 gest that this current is largely carried by chloride ions.

26 tabilization of interkringle interactions by chloride ions.

27 (3) final washing for unloading the lithium chloride ions.

28 nanoparticles (Apt-Au NPs), bismuth ions and chloride ions.

29 ayer, in close proximity to bound sodium and chloride ions.

30 y maintaining a hyperpolarizing gradient for chloride ions.

31 te, sorbate, citrate, phosphate, acetate and chloride ions.

32 efer nitrate as substrate but cannot exclude chloride ions.

33 pect to the self-assembly in the presence of chloride ions.

34 ent probe which is collisionally quenched by chloride ions.

35 olution kinetics of AgNPs in the presence of chloride ions.

36 N, D352K) increased relative permeability of chloride ions.

37 g by 4-8-fold in the presence and absence of chloride ion (a negative regulator).

38 antly, the presence of a catalytic amount of chloride ion accelerates the oxygen activation step via

39 Chloride ion accumulated in the planted beds correspondi

40 KCC1 is an important transporter involved in chloride ion accumulation in the olfactory epithelium, b

41 e active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions across cell membranes.

42 t allows fluorescent, ratiometric sensing of chloride ions across the entire physiological regime.

43 ial generated by the transport of sodium and chloride ions across the skin.

44 We discovered that chloride ions activate the V. cholerae Cpx pathway, rais

45 s that respond reversibly and selectively to chloride ion activity is demonstrated.

46 emetalation was enhanced by the inclusion of chloride ion additives in the reaction.

47 Specifically, chloride ions adsorb onto the Ag UPD adlayer and effect

48 alide anions measured to date, comparable in chloride ion affinity to silver salts.

49 2,4-dinitrophenoxychlorodiazirine (13) with chloride ions affords dichlorodiazirine (4).

50 termini, two transmembrane helices, a bound chloride ion and a disulphide-rich, multidomain extracel

51 we report the structure of SyrB2 with both a chloride ion and alphaKG coordinated to the iron ion at

52 utive elimination of biologically compatible chloride ion and carbon dioxide.

53 However, it was independent of chloride ion and little affected by scavengers of hypoch

54 type relationship between the binding of the chloride ion and metal cation to a rotaxane.

55 Co-crystallized chloride ion and the crystal structure of the H213S vari

56 The contributions of sodium and chloride ions and of osmotic stresses to the ischemia-ev

57 on-coupled chloride transporters, which move chloride ions and protons across the membrane in opposit

58 o molecules interacting with silver, namely, chloride ions and small soluble biothiols in addition to

59 The chloride ions and the AuNPs present catalyse the starch-

60 The neuronal K/Cl transporter KCC2 exports chloride ions and thereby influences the efficacy and po

61 the tin(IV) chloride precursor is dissolved, chloride ions and water coordinate octahedrally to tin(I

62 nder study consisted of a cryptand molecule, chloride ion, and 319 water molecules.

63 Here, we report that, in the presence of O2, chloride ion, and L-Trp as cosubstrates, purified RebH d

64 bH active site from the reaction of FADH(2), chloride ion, and O(2).

65 2) (provided by a partner flavin reductase), chloride ion, and oxygen as cosubstrates.

66 bed with various substrates (2-methylbutane, chloride ion, and para-substituted aryl sulfides).

67 lex ways with concentration, the presence of chloride ion, and the presence of accelerating ligands.

68 hydrogen-bonded network of water molecules, chloride ions, and amino acid residues.

69 ls thus formed are impermeable to sodium and chloride ions, and are blocked by blockers of voltage-ga

70 otein performance is critically dependent on chloride ions, and intrinsic protein charges also play a

71 d negative charge in the corneal matrix when chloride ions are adsorbed onto the matrix.

72 s account for all the electrical current and chloride ions are blocked.

73 ions of bromate, sulfuric acid, bromide, and chloride ions are frozen.

74 Along with Mn, calcium and chloride ions are necessary cofactors for proper functio

75 e previously reported to be capable of using chloride ion as a substrate to form the highly microbici

76 distant histidine imidazoles at 1.95 A and a chloride ion at 2.25 A, with elimination of the water mo

77 The urea can bind a chloride ion at the membrane surface via hydrogen bonds

78 to form hydrogen bonds to the leaving group chloride ion at the transition state enable both factors

79 n the generator electrode is used to produce chloride ions at a constant rate.

80 serine inhibition appears to be modulated by chloride ion, becoming positively cooperative in its pre

81 ld not be attributed to direct alteration of chloride ion binding amino acids.

82 ion, was altered by regulating the amount of chloride ions bound to the matrix.

83 channel is dependent on the concentration of chloride ions but not of cations.

84 take was independent of sodium, potassium or chloride ions, but strongly dependent on the presence of

85 We constructed a novel optical indicator for chloride ions by fusing the chloride-sensitive yellow fl

86 = 0.243, free r = 0.296) has shown that this chloride ion can be replaced by bromide.

87 presence of physiological concentrations of chloride ions, can also react with nitrite, forming the

88 Thus, chloride ion catalyzes the interconversion of these two

89 ntly been shown to express a glioma-specific chloride ion channel (GCC) that is sensitive to chloroto

90 ct enterotoxin enhancement of the intestinal chloride ion channel as a basis for diarrhoeal disease.

91 ing the function of this inhibitory receptor/chloride ion channel complex.

92 nsmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride ion channel constructed from two membrane-spann

93 zed at the luminal surface and corrected the chloride ion channel defect in these cells.

94 he benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA-A chloride ion channel enhance cognitive performance in an

95 alterations of the homodimeric human muscle chloride ion channel hClC-1.

96 irus (HCMV) and identified the voltage-gated chloride ion channel inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-

97 he benzodiazepine-gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)-chloride ion channel macromolecular complex in the patho

98 This encodes a chloride ion channel on the apical surface of epithelial

99 s of a single amino acid (alanine302) in the chloride ion channel pore of the protein.

100 e fragment of Nt-Syr1 prevents potassium and chloride ion channel response to ABA in guard cells and

101 nsmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride ion channel that also serves as a receptor for

102 ransmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride ion channel that controls fluid and electrolyte

103 ulator (CFTR) protein is a small conductance chloride ion channel that may interact directly with oth

104 nsmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride ion channel, but its relationship to the primar

105 acular degeneration caused by mutations in a chloride ion channel, human bestrophin-1 (hBest1).

106 identified that a proapoptotic mitochondrial chloride ion channel, mtCLIC/CLIC4, is induced by Myc.

107 ng the insulin receptor, the muscle-specific chloride ion channel, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+

108 diating its actions chiefly via a pentameric chloride ion channel, the GABAA receptor.

109 ite suggested a modification of an intrinsic chloride ion channel, the morphological appearance of th

110 omosome 11, which encodes a Ca(2+)-dependent chloride ion channel.

111 ctance regulator (CFTR) gene, encoding for a chloride ion channel.

112 abscisic acid (ABA) regulates potassium and chloride ion channels at the plasma membrane of guard ce

113 n-3 (5-HT(3)) receptors, and glutamate-gated chloride ion channels of proteasome invertebrate phyla.

114 Ligand-gated heteropentameric GlyRs form chloride ion channels that contain the alpha(1) and beta

115 expressed in L929 cells produced functional chloride ion channels that were both spontaneously activ

116 ofiling ion flux through human intracellular chloride ion channels using live-cell based techniques,

117 ve identified two salt bridges in human CFTR chloride ion channels, Arg(352)-Asp(993) and Arg(347)-As

118 GABAA receptors are brain inhibitory chloride ion channels.

119 mission between neurons through formation of chloride ion channels.

120 rystal structure and in vitro studies reveal chloride ion (Cl(-)) binds to a hydrophobic pocket withi

121 e influence of Donnan equilibria on neuronal chloride ion (Cl(-)) distributions.

122 s in intestinal epithelial cells, leading to chloride ion (Cl(-)) efflux through the CFTR Cl(-) chann

123 ges such as glucose malabsorption, increased chloride ion (Cl(-)) secretion, and epithelial barrier d

124 complexes because of a strong affinity for a chloride ion (Cl(-)); however, little information is ava

125 en hydrogen chloride (HCl) and water to form chloride ions (Cl(-)) and hydrated protons (H(3)O(+) or

126 , higher plants restrict the accumulation of chloride ions (Cl(-)) in the shoot by regulating their t

127 nucleophile, respectively, and we observed a chloride ion close to the active site.

128 n aqueous media is particularly sensitive to chloride ion concentration and propose that this sensiti

129 diffusion equation describing the change of chloride ion concentration at the sensor microelectrode

130 nsity of lucigenin decreases with increasing chloride ion concentration due to dynamic quenching.

131 To quantify the scale of this phenomenon, chloride ion concentration in exudate of compressed cart

132 was determined for each patient based on the chloride ion concentration of the fluids they received d

133 lorine species toward COD with an increasing chloride ion concentration under chlorine radicals (Cl.,

134 e recognize changes in fatty acid synthesis, chloride ion concentration, and/or pH.

135 n the Pieta indicates the conditions of high chloride ion concentrations (i.e., activities) and/or lo

136 to achieve distinct levels of intracellular chloride ion concentrations in neurons.

137 vitro, and assessed the impact of defective chloride ion conductance, genotype, and colonization sta

138 e regulation of epithelial calcium-activated chloride ion conductance.

139 itude and range of functions served by gated chloride-ion conduction in biological membranes, such as

140 born neurons owing to their high cytoplasmic chloride ion content.

141 A reduced susceptibility to inhibition by chloride ions contributed to the higher activation rate

142 hypothesis that an ionic current carried by chloride ions contributes to bradykinin (BK)-induced mem

143 t GCN4-pIQI is a trimeric coiled coil with a chloride ion coordinated by one buried glutamine residue

144 157, and both variant structures have a new chloride ion coordinating the active site iron.

145 Potassium chloride ion cotransporters (KCCs) are part of a family

146 ell surface and synapses, where they conduct chloride ion current when activated by GABA.

147 oocytes potentiated LPA-induced oscillatory chloride ion currents through a pertussis toxin-insensit

148 MPO-dependent probe activation is chloride ion dependent and is negated in flow cytometry

149 As we have evidence of chloride-ion dependent innate antiviral response in epit

150 pholipid membrane of the lipobeads to enable chloride ion detection.

151 onitoring of the increasing concentration of chloride ions diffusing across the interelectrode gap.

152 Rates of chloride ion diffusion in narrow (ca. 3 microm thick), r

153 Chloride ions do not affect the absorption maximum of th

154 On the other hand, chloride ion does not inhibit AAP up to concentrations o

155 EF) cells we show that Prom1 is required for chloride ion efflux induced by calcium ion uptake, and d

156 culations [B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)] establish that chloride ion exchange reactions with both formyl and ace

157 Calcium stimulation elicited chloride ion export in normal RPE but not in RPE derived

158 ng Meisenheimer complex (EMc) is followed by chloride ion expulsion to form arylated enzyme (EAr).

159 ng Meisenheimer complex (EMc) is followed by chloride ion expulsion which forms the arylated intermed

160 talytic triad in a hydrolase is rescued by a chloride ion (Fig.

161 del for fungal TRK proteins, suggesting that chloride ions flow through a central pore formed by symm

162 the literature show that mucosal-to-serosal chloride ion flux in rabbit ileum after exposure to secr

163 a biosensor that visualizes calcium-induced chloride ion flux in the cell.

164 <0.001) with increases in serosal-to-mucosal chloride ion flux.

165 w the availability of substantial amounts of chloride ions for reaction at the interface, and quantum

166 In the absence of a chloride ion, formation of the low-spin heme species was

167 The SN2 displacements of chloride ion from CH3Cl, C2H5Cl, and C2H4Cl2 by acetate

168 Loss of chloride ion from imidazol-2-yl complex 4a activates the

169 ton exchange involving the dissociation of a chloride ion from the ruthenium metal center.

170 riazole foldamer to help extract hydrophilic chloride ions from increasingly aqueous solutions.

171 The pigment permits protons and chloride ions from solution access to the active site as

172 splacement of a solvent molecule, possibly a chloride ion, from arginine 141alpha.

173 N(2)X(2)N(2)' structures with either a bound chloride ion (g(x) = 2.10, g(y) = 2.04, g(z) = 2.23, A(z

174 In the native enzyme a bound chloride ion has been identified at the amino terminus o

175 nopores with sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions have been explored as a function of the nu

176 Chloride ions have been hypothesized to interact with th

177 Here we discuss the evolving story on chloride ion homeostasis in CNS neurons and its role in

178 ions containing sufficient concentrations of chloride ion, however, a lower energy pathway via a halo

179 hedral-like structure that immediately loses chloride ion in an S(N)1-like solvolysis.

180 onformation-dependent binding of an anion (a chloride ion in our simulations) to a previously unrecog

181 the non-substrate ligands contained a bound chloride ion in the AdoMet carboxylate-binding pocket, e

182 t at pH 5 and below that are able to oxidize chloride ion in the surrounding solution to form Cl(2)(*

183 sing domestic wastewater samples, with added chloride ion in variable concentrations.

184 '-bipyrazine backbones were found to oxidize chloride ions in acetone solution.

185 In the presence of ubiquitous chloride ions in groundwater/industrial wastewater, the

186 regulation of the internal concentration of chloride ions in halophytic plant cells.

187 ion free energies for potassium, sodium, and chloride ions in liquid water and formamide.

188 ength-dependent release and then reuptake of chloride ions in nonaqueous solutions.

189 tally relevant concentrations of bromide and chloride ions in polar ice mimics.

190 he desolvation penalty for the sodium versus chloride ions in the central hydrophobic region of the p

191 The concentration of chloride ions in the cytoplasm and subcellular organelle

192 e channel (ClC-1) and reduced conductance of chloride ions in the sarcolemma.

193 Single-layer EPADs for sensing of chloride ions include wax-defined sample and reference z

194 Chloride ion incorporation tends to disorder the nanopar

195 of protomers is chloride-dependent, whereby chloride ions induce interactions of the protomers' trim

196 However, the strong chloride ion influx conducted by receptors containing th

197 pretreated cells significantly increased the chloride ion influx in response to GABA and THIP (delta-

198 ongly outwardly rectifying (corresponding to chloride ion influx), whereas currents from edited alpha

199 o remove excessive neuronal excitability via chloride ion influx.

200 ential-of-mean-force profiles for sodium and chloride ions inside the transmembrane region.

201 Chloride ions interfered with the oxymercuration reactio

202 responsive probe that was less sensitive to chloride ion interference.

203 The inoculated trees excreted 50% more chloride ion into the rhizosphere, indicative of increas

204 putative phosphate recognition site where a chloride ion is coordinated near the active site.

205 iation of a flexible polyhydroxy alkane with chloride ion is described and the bound receptor is char

206 In the case of the E142L mutant, a chloride ion is located in the position occupied by Glu-

207 A well-ordered chloride ion is positioned adjacent to the Cys43-SSCoA d

208 Malate, along with potassium and chloride ions, is an important solute for maintaining tu

209 Chloride ions lack binding co-operativity in facilitatin

210 Increases in chloride ion levels in the bathing solution results in c

211 r gaseous copollutants, nitrate, sodium ion, chloride ion, magnesium, and nickel remained significant

212 Chloride ion may not be the relevant physiological TTR s

213 te, pyrophosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride ions may be binding at the active site of both

214 c chloride ion sensor, which is suitable for chloride ion measurements in biological fluids.

215 chanisms, kinetics, and functionality of the chloride ion-mediated protomer assembly by using a singl

216 Our results show that sodium and chloride ions modulate kainate receptor dimer affinity a

217 he lumen is dependent on apical secretion of chloride ions, most notably by the CFTR channel, which h

218 It is determined that the chloride ions move through the pore with ease, similarly

219 and chloride shunt conductance, evidenced by chloride ion movement through the stellate cells, leadin

220 ysiological processes that require sustained chloride ion movement.

221 oride channel TMEM16A provides a pathway for chloride ion movements that are key in preventing polysp

222 In the low intracellular chloride milieu, chloride ions of cisplatin may exchange for cellular SH

223 adamantyl chloride and 1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl chloride ion pairs were not independent of their ROCCl o

224 dichloroethane showed that the homoadamantyl chloride ion pairs, produced by either the direct or rin

225 ted to [2-norbornyl cation (carbon monoxide) chloride] ion pairs in MeCN or 1,2-dichloroethane soluti

226 e coupled dynamics of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions play a critical role in the development an

227 We address the role chloride ions play in film formation of mixed-halide per

228 permeation of potassium ions as compared to chloride ions: Potassium ions, being larger than sodium

229 The presence of chloride ions produced an equilibrium of stable silver c

230 entry region close to the mutation, where a chloride ion replaces the missing carboxyl and a 2-A shi

231 rejection of magnesium, calcium, sodium, and chloride ions, respectively.

232 l barrier (leaky-flux diarrhea) and/or alter chloride ion secretion (secretory diarrhea).

233 Abnormal chloride ion secretion is believed to provide the osmoti

234 Effect Transistor (ISFET) pH electrodes, and Chloride-Ion Selective Electrodes (Cl-ISE) directly expo

235 or identical subunits surrounding a central chloride ion-selective channel gated by GABA.

236 ClC type, the only known molecular family of chloride-ion-selective channels.

237 To stabilize the chloride ion sensing lipobeads we coimmobilized hexadeca

238 perties of fluorescence-based submicrometric chloride ion sensing lipobeads.

239 To further improve their chloride ion sensitivity, we also immobilized the chlori

240 he study resulted in a unique submicrometric chloride ion sensor, which is suitable for chloride ion

241 contained only lucigenin were ineffective as chloride ion sensors due to poor partition of the water-

242 As [Au(CN)2](-) and chloride ions share the same permeation pathway, these r

243 antly, in the latter system, the presence of chloride ion source in the starting solutions used for t

244 cations from the DNA phosphates but also of chloride ions specifically associated with the proteins.

245 T-84 intestinal epithelial cells to secrete chloride ion, suggesting that alpha-defensins from Panet

246 ation, it was shown that CcO.Cl contains one chloride ion that is released into the medium by a singl

247 mber of 7, followed by the dissociation of a chloride ion that is stabilized by solvation.

248 The structure reveals bound calcium and chloride ions that appear to contribute to catalysis and

249 bond donors are introduced to interact with chloride ions that are underutilized as hydrogen bond ac

250 esized to define a folded binding pocket for chloride ions that unfolds with UV light to liberate the

251 Chloride ion, the majority salt in nature, is approximat

252 For complete degradation of cis-DCE to chloride ions, the apparent Vmax/Km for the Escherichia

253 placement studies suggest that permeation of chloride ions through glioma chloride channel is obligat

254 HOCl is produced from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions through the action of myeloperoxidase.

255 ](-2) with AlCl(3) and (2) coordination of a chloride ion to a coordinatively unsaturated vanadium ce

256 assisted by hydrogen bond donation departing chloride ion to a greater extent than that of tert-butyl

257 quires O2 and alpha-ketoglutarate as well as chloride ion to carry out monochlorination of the -CH3 g

258 The addition of chloride ion to E181Q increases the lumirhodopsin I-lumi

259 Nalpha to give 2 which rapidly captures the chloride ion to form 5.

260 intermediate (EMc), followed by expulsion of chloride ion to form an arylated enzyme intermediate (EA

261 rmediate (EMc), followed by expulsion of the chloride ion to form an arylated enzyme intermediate (EA

262 leasing a proton (formally EtOH(2)(+)) and a chloride ion to the medium.

263 ctivity of D274G can be rescued by exogenous chloride ions to a level comparable with that of D274E.

264 vates the bestrophin anion channel, allowing chloride ions to flow down their electrochemical gradien

265 e pore selectively allows negatively charged chloride ions to pass through at an average rate of one

266 yric acid receptor (GABAR) 'gates', allowing chloride ions to permeate membranes and produce fast inh

267 netic equation that describes the binding of chloride ions to prestin.

268 e reversible abstraction and introduction of chloride ions to the Pt(II) centers.

269 trolled abstraction from and introduction of chloride ions to this system, which showed that these pr

270 erturbation of calcium, sodium, hydrogen, or chloride ion transport across the plasma membrane.

271 ble complex between a protein that activates chloride ion transport and a member of the mitogen-activ

272 This defect alters chloride ion transport and impairs water transport acros

273 Cystic fibrosis (CF), a chloride ion transport disorder, is caused by mutations

274 t P2YRs transduce mechanically evoked reflex chloride ion transport in rat distal colon.

275 tes, the classic defect of forskolin-induced chloride ion transport is not replicated in the caecum,

276 el (CLIC) gene family has been implicated in chloride ion transport within various subcellular compar

277 uit current (Isc) indicative of electrogenic chloride ion transport.

278 BPIPP inhibited chloride-ion transport stimulated by activation of guany

279 The synthetic transformations involved chloride-ion-triggered 6-endo cyclization of o-alkynylis

280 We demonstrate that the chloride ion tunes the spectral properties of phR via tw

281 ers have been created to "catch and release" chloride ions upon light irradiation of end-appended azo

282 anionic serine octamers coordinated with two chloride ions using a novel technique coupling ion mobil

283 acid, which engages a conserved arginine and chloride ion via its carboxyl head group.

284 Selective transport of chloride ions via an antiport mechanism and channel form

285 nt, the counteranion, the co-cation, and the chloride ion was carried out at 325 nm, a wavelength at

286 A chloride ion was modeled in this site, and its identity

287 , the GABA(A) channel reversal potential for chloride ions was positive to the baseline membrane pote

288 se two parameters, since the availability of chloride ions was the main limiting factor in the format

289 Solutions of urea with chloride ions were electrolyzed using a bismuth doped Ti

290 e solvent-protected heme is coordinated by a chloride ion, which is, in turn, stabilized by Asn7.

291 Chloride ions, which maintain the compact Pg conformatio

292 small entities such as partially dehydrated chloride ions while excluding larger molecules such as a

293 n DAT, dopamine, cocaine, and the sodium and chloride ions whose gradients power uptake processes.

294 A cluster of manganese, calcium, and chloride ions, whose binding environment is optimized by

295 l calculations predict that in the gas phase chloride ions will strongly attract hydroxl radicals.

296 The reactions of chloride ion with a series of alkyl chloronitriles, RCH(

297 Rates of SN2 reactions of chloride ion with methyl- and tert-butyl-substituted chl

298 el comprises a decamer with 52 symmetry, ten chloride ions with 23 water molecules and has been refin

299 voids in the graphene sheets are occupied by chloride ions with an equivalent number of nitrogen atom

300 C271A mutant crystallographic structure of a chloride ion within 3.5 A of the nonreactive N(eta) subs