ライフサイエンスコーパス: chloroplast

1 through the stomata, and ultimately into the chloroplast.

2 light on plant cells, especially within the chloroplast.

3 because of K redistribution from vacuole to chloroplast.

4 of control of the signaling function of the chloroplast.

5 ponents and direct pathogen targeting of the chloroplast.

6 ly understood lipid remodeling events in the chloroplast.

7 eby modulates carotenoid accumulation in the chloroplast.

8 mation at the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast.

9 domonas that has on average 10 pyrenoids per chloroplast.

10 energy occurs in thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast.

11 iameter and an increased number of grana per chloroplast.

12 a reduction in the translational capacity of chloroplasts.

13 ts but had no effect on its function in leaf chloroplasts.

14 protein that is targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts.

15 rters/translocators mediating Pi import into chloroplasts.

16 s, located in the cytosol, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

17 ed guiding peptide targets their delivery to chloroplasts.

18 pB proteins in the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts.

19 scription to their evolutionary descendants, chloroplasts.

20 in CcmM35 within tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chloroplasts.

21 a red-type Rubisco able to assemble in plant chloroplasts.

22 p I and group II introns in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

23 photosynthetic fixation embedded within the chloroplasts.

24 ting the co-localization of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

25 olymerases present in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.

26 at least an 80% reduction relative to normal chloroplasts.

27 oth PSII biogenesis and PSII repair in plant chloroplasts.

28 teins are targeted to either mitochondria or chloroplasts.

29 gesting the cells but maintaining functional chloroplasts.

30 oscillations of [Ca(2+) ] in the cytosol and chloroplasts.

31 of starch granules that form in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.

32 le as the putative disaggregase chaperone in chloroplasts.

33 deficiency responses, elevated Fe content in chloroplasts (1.2-1.5-fold), chlorosis, structural damag

34 us domain of ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 3 (ARC3), a crucial regulator of chloroplas

35 cellular bacteria, only the mitochondria and chloroplasts abandoned their independence billions of ye

36 We also demonstrated that macro-chloroplasts accumulate the same amount of heterologous

37 ing it reduced phototropin's sensitivity for chloroplast accumulation movement.

38 Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all possess an outer membrane populated wit

39 Slug chloroplasts also rapidly build up a strong proton-motiv

40 e-S client protein maturation in Arabidopsis chloroplasts among other SUF components.

41 that has been coopted for a function in the chloroplast, an organelle derived from endosymbiosis of

42 ruence among phylogenies of both nuclear and chloroplast analyses lent considerable support to the co

43 t the availability of 2Fe-2S clusters in the chloroplast and cytosol is linked to Fe homeostasis in p

44 y SAL1/FRY1, a phosphatase enzyme located in chloroplast and mitochondria.

45 ot a single case of simultaneous loss of the chloroplast and mitochondrial editing target or of AEF1

46 the absence of day respiration (C (*) ) and chloroplast and mitochondrial investment in the mestome

47 abolites within three compartments: cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondrion.

48 The expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes encoding the PSI subunits

49 tochondria to diffuse directly into both the chloroplast and the cytosol.

50 gnificant difference in height between macro-chloroplast and wild-type lines.

51 2-1.5-fold), chlorosis, structural damage to chloroplasts and a high seedling mortality rate.

52 onses that result in Fe over-accumulation in chloroplasts and enhanced ROS accumulation.

53 Mitochondria, chloroplasts and Gram-negative bacteria are encased in a

54 NPC6 is associated with the chloroplasts and microsomal membranes, and hydrolyzes ph

55 s, RCD1 integrates organellar signaling from chloroplasts and mitochondria to establish transcription

56 ase suitable for elevating mutation rates in chloroplasts and mitochondria.

57 U RNA editing in the transcriptomes of plant chloroplasts and mitochondria.

58 mport into isolated pea (Pisum sativum) leaf chloroplasts and root leucoplasts and identified two tra

59 ulation of RNA-editing efficiency in damaged chloroplasts and suggests that MORF2 is involved in retr

60 lin with a variant with dual-localization in chloroplasts and the nucleus, which mediate chilling tol

61 r collapse of photosynthesis, degradation of chloroplasts, and eventually death.

62 Biological processes of carbon fixation in chloroplasts, and respiration in mitochondria of the pla

63 changes on gene expression in differentiated chloroplasts are discussed.

64 Plant chloroplasts are equipped with a complex set of up to 20

65 increases in Ca(2+) in both the cytosol and chloroplasts are gated by the nuclear circadian oscillat

66 nd mechanisms that allow preservation of the chloroplasts are unknown.

67 HI1, which is critical for the biogenesis of chloroplast ATP synthase oligomycin-sensitive chloroplas

68 itochondrial (nad5eU1580SL) and an essential chloroplast (atpFeU92SL) RNA editing site in parallel in

69 CLPP has essential roles in chloroplast biogenesis and maintenance, but the signific

70 Phytochromes initiate chloroplast biogenesis by activating genes encoding the

71 Chloroplast biogenesis depends on an extensive interplay

72 Chloroplast biogenesis describes the transition of non-p

73 Deep insights into chloroplast biogenesis have been obtained by mutant anal

74 Chloroplast biogenesis requires the import of thousands

75 f chlorophyll catabolic genes, impairment of chloroplast biogenesis, and reduction of carotenoid synt

76 limitations of using enlarge compartments in chloroplast biotechnology are discussed.

77 Chloroplast biotechnology is a route for novel crop meta

78 ring cold acclimation, the properties of the chloroplast change markedly.

79 Here, we investigated how the chloroplast chaperonin (Cpn60) facilitated the thylakoid

80 CPN60alpha2, which encodes a subunit of the chloroplast chaperonin complex CPN60.

81 content in the pepper fruit by modulation of chloroplast compartment size were previously identified

82 his bacterium to preevaluate the kinetic and chloroplast compatibility of engineered RsRubisco, an is

83 e inferred from genetic modification of core chloroplast components and direct pathogen targeting of

84 Chloroplasts constantly experience photo-oxidative stres

85 In addition, chloroplasts contain an NADPH-dependent redox system, te

86 Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts contain photosynthetic protein complexes th

87 hloroplast ATP synthase oligomycin-sensitive chloroplast coupling factor.

88 nd of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplast (cp)ATP synthase assembly mutant cgl160, wit

89 nduced longer distances between neighbouring chloroplasts (D(chl-chl) ) and decreased the chloroplast

90 ing RuBisCO synthesis and degradation within chloroplasts, defence and ageing at leaf levels, nitroge

91 he ROS singlet oxygen ((1) O(2) ) leading to chloroplast degradation and eventually cell death.

92 Here we have mapped mutations that suppress chloroplast degradation in the fc2 mutant and demonstrat

93 act as signals to induce acclimation through chloroplast degradation, cell death and nuclear gene exp

94 (1) O(2) , however, could be uncoupled from chloroplast degradation, suggesting that PPR30 and mTERF

95 d WPGD2 fusion proteins import into isolated chloroplasts, demonstrating a functional targeting seque

96 l surface exposed to intercellular space and chloroplast density induced longer distances between nei

97 rmone modulation of immunity and surmise how chloroplast-derived reactive oxygen species underpin chl

98 e, we describe the role of VENOSA4 (VEN4) in chloroplast development and acclimation to adverse growt

99 Chloroplast development and chlorophyll content in the i

100 derived carotenoids serve essential roles in chloroplast development and photosynthesis.

101 educed chloroplast gene expression, impaired chloroplast development and reduced chloroplast stress s

102 leaf growth, vascular and vein development, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis through its

103 , which are key regulators of Kranz anatomy, chloroplast development, and plant growth, respectively.

104 arious roles in plant development, including chloroplast development, but the underlying molecular me

105 omologs, bin2-3 bil1 bil2, displays abnormal chloroplast development, whereas the gain-of-function mu

106 by which BRs modulate photomorphogenesis and chloroplast development.

107 m, suggesting that BIN2 positively regulates chloroplast development.

108 n the early stages, controlled by the proper chloroplast differentiation and by the PHYTOCHROME (PHY)

109 OG OF ARC6 (PARC6), another key regulator of chloroplast division, suggesting a role of OR(His) in co

110 HLOROPLASTS 3 (ARC3), a crucial regulator of chloroplast division.

111 nt analysis revealed that the amyloplast and chloroplast DNA of MR219 were identical to each other.

112 A molecular analysis was conducted using six chloroplast DNA sequences from leaf material from across

113 ple are [Ca(2+) ] increases in the stroma of chloroplasts during light-to-dark transitions; however,

114 Despite numerous independent losses of the chloroplast editing site by C-to-T conversion and at lea

115 tion of the reporter gene product in tobacco chloroplasts encoded in the second ORF.

116 varying deficiencies in the accumulation of chloroplast-encoded proteins.

117 assays showed that OsPHT2;1 localized to the chloroplast envelope and functioned as a low-affinity Pi

118 Profiling chloroplast envelope membranes was achieved by a cross c

119 ensive view of the protein repertoire of the chloroplast envelope, we analyzed this membrane system i

120 way allows the regulation of redox-sensitive chloroplast enzymes in response to light.

121 arding the redox regulatory network of plant chloroplasts, focusing on the functional relationship of

122 Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas r einhardtii), chloroplast gene expression is tightly regulated posttra

123 These mutants exhibited broadly reduced chloroplast gene expression, impaired chloroplast develo

124 e deficient in post-transcriptional steps of chloroplast gene expression.

125 n shown to involve regulatory adjustments in chloroplast gene expression.

126 lants upregulate the translation of a single chloroplast gene, psbA, during acclimation to high light

127 We generated alignments of 72 chloroplast genes and 7621 homologous nuclear-encoded pr

128 spite lack of phylogenetic signal across all chloroplast genes and the majority of nuclear genes.

129 scriptional reprogramming of nuclear-encoded chloroplast genes during disease and defence and look at

130 ocal treatments, the expression of all other chloroplast genes remained virtually unaltered.

131 that impact the expression of psbA and other chloroplast genes.

132 photosynthetic complexes are encoded in the chloroplast genome and cotranslationally inserted into t

133 he family Caricaceae, only the Carica papaya chloroplast genome and its nuclear and mitochondrial gen

134 The chloroplast genome is an integral part of plant genomes

135 Here, we sequenced and assembled the chloroplast genome of Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.

136 oa, we report the complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genome sequences of quinoa accession PI 6148

137 In the C. papaya chloroplast genome, there are 46 RNA editing loci with a

138 mitochondrial genomes were sequenced, and no chloroplast genome-wide comparison across genera was con

139 bp, smaller than 160,100 bp of the C. papaya chloroplast genome.

140 gene positively selected in the V. pubescens chloroplast genome.

141 In the last 3 decades, chloroplast genomes from a few economically important cr

142 across Jersey are attempting to sequence the chloroplast genomes from daffodils that they have collec

143 The chloroplast genomes of Pulsatilla were very similar and

144 Here, we compared the complete chloroplast genomes of seven Pulsatilla species.

145 NP number differentiating any two Pulsatilla chloroplast genomes ranged from 112 to 1214, and provide

146 l but two of the introns found in angiosperm chloroplast genomes.

147 asymmetric evolution between the nuclear and chloroplast genomes.

148 dentified in both V. pubescens and C. papaya chloroplast genomes.

149 Overall, this study provides plentiful chloroplast genomic resources, which will be helpful to

150 show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) chloroplast glutamyl peptidase (CGEP) is a homo-oligomer

151 The chloroplast glutamyl-tRNA (tRNA(Glu)) is unique in that

152 In addition, the chloroplast has an active uracil salvage pathway.

153 The chloroplast has recently emerged as pivotal to co-ordina

154 or reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in chloroplasts, has been demonstrated recently to be a hig

155 While most algae have 1 pyrenoid per chloroplast, here we describe a mutant in the model alga

156 olic threshold switch mechanism that weakens chloroplast identity.

157 ast-derived reactive oxygen species underpin chloroplast immunity through indirect evidence inferred

158 strategies to directly or indirectly target 'chloroplast immunity'.

159 NCED3 function in ABA synthesis (expression, chloroplast import, and thylakoid binding), the differen

160 reduces starch granule numbers that form per chloroplast in Arabidopsis, and ss5 mutant starch granul

161 d specificity of QD with chemical cargoes to chloroplasts in plant cells in vivo (74.6 +/- 10.8%) and

162 ranes composed of lipids related to those of chloroplasts in plants to accommodate the complexes of p

163 tic proplastids to photosynthetically active chloroplasts in the cells of germinating seeds.

164 enerate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the chloroplast, including dark-light transitions, high ligh

165 Finally, our results suggest that chloroplasts inside E. timida rely on oxygen-dependent e

166 ribute to the long-term functionality of the chloroplasts inside the slugs.

167 an sea slugs are able to maintain functional chloroplasts inside their own cells, and mechanisms that

168 Chloroplasts integrate nearly all thylakoid transmembran

169 ulence strategies of diverse pathogens - the chloroplast integrates, decodes and responds to environm

170 In particular, the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts results in an enhanced st

171 cing of the majority of the approximately 20 chloroplast introns in land plants.

172 interplay between the nucleus, cytosol, and chloroplasts, involving regulatory nucleus-encoded chlor

173 The multisubunit ACCase in the chloroplast is activated by a shift to pH 8 upon light a

174 Thus, the chloroplast is of utmost importance for cold acclimation

175 OTP86, an RNA editing factor, and cpPNP, the chloroplast isozyme of polynucleotide phosphorylase.

176 to the photosynthetic light reactions of the chloroplasts it steals from the alga Acetabularia acetab

177 ting multiple processes across plant organs (chloroplast, leaf and whole plant) and is a first-step t

178 differentiate into various functional types (chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts, etc.) that have

179 In mature plant chloroplasts, light stimulates the recruitment of riboso

180 Macro-chloroplast lines exhibited delayed growth at anthesis;

181 e generated Solanum tuberosum (potato) macro-chloroplast lines overexpressing the tubulin-like GTPase

182 The maize chloroplast-localized 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (

183 In summary, OsPHT2;1 functions as a chloroplast-localized low-affinity Pi transporter that m

184 t the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has a chloroplast-localized Sec14-like protein (CPSFL1) that i

185 We report here functional investigation of chloroplast-localized TF (TIG1) in the green alga (Chlam

186 Here we use multiple nuclear and chloroplast loci to estimate a time-calibrated phylogene

187 ally active organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.

188 laborated to curate this library for rbcL, a chloroplast marker suitable for species-level identifica

189 pts accumulation is directly affected by the chloroplast maturation status in both vegetative and fru

190 Chloroplast membranes are unique in their lipid makeup,

191 logous to the translocons of outer and inner chloroplast membranes, respectively.

192 as been recruited as a signaling molecule of chloroplast metabolic status.

193 and reduced GSH/GRX systems of the cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria and nucleus, we have only scr

194 the cytosol, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes.

195 the context of our current understanding of chloroplast-mitochondrial interactions within photosynth

196 owever, there was only a minor difference in chloroplast morphology, likely because of K redistributi

197 the responses under red and blue light, the chloroplast movement mechanism had no effect on the rate

198 toreceptor phototropin2 (phot2) mediates the chloroplast movement mechanism under excess blue light a

199 apture and gas exchange in plants, including chloroplast movement, changes in stomatal conductance, a

200 nases that function to mediate phototropism, chloroplast movement, leaf flattening, and stomatal open

201 hese data cast doubt upon the existence of a chloroplast movement-dependent component of NPQ Therefor

202 lso evaluated the photoprotective ability of chloroplast movements both during the early onset of pho

203 component of NPQ Therefore, the influence of chloroplast movements on photoprotection should be thoro

204 In chloroplasts, much of this regulation occurs at the post

205 nanotubes selectively deliver plasmid DNA to chloroplasts of different plant species without external

206 osynthesis from tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in chloroplasts of the protist Euglena gracilis We show tha

207 Upon loss of either its chloroplast or mitochondrial target, a uniquely dual-tar

208 ase of (1)O(2) induces SAFE1 degradation via chloroplast-originated vesicles.

209 In addition to photosynthesis, chloroplasts perform a variety of important cellular fun

210 e FDX-FTR-TRXs redox systems for fine tuning chloroplast performance in response to changes in light

211 and FDX-FTR-TRXs, participate in fine-tuning chloroplast performance in response to changes in light

212 their activity, nor does FAD4 require other chloroplast peroxiredoxins under standard growth conditi

213 Although most of chloroplast PG assembly occurs at the inner envelope mem

214 Unlike other lipid classes, chloroplast PG in nearly all plants contains a substanti

215 fab1 leaves, phosphatidylglycerol, the major chloroplast phospholipid, contains >40% high-melting-poi

216 Molecular components of chloroplast photoprotection are closely aligned with tho

217 ke are well established, but the function of chloroplast Pi homeostasis is poorly understood in Oryza

218 for example, fast-replicating or aggressive chloroplasts (plastids) that are incompatible with the h

219 y phenolic pigmentation, while glacier algal chloroplasts positioned beneath shading pigments remain

220 provide a unique opportunity to investigate chloroplast proliferation in the central cluster and the

221 roplast protein degradation and the types of chloroplast proteases implicated in this process have re

222 to desiccation and low temperature involved chloroplast protection: enhanced thermal energy dissipat

223 Loss of CGEP upregulated the chloroplast protein chaperone machinery and 70S ribosoma

224 Although the pathways of chloroplast protein degradation and the types of chlorop

225 Under stress, intensive chloroplast protein remodeling and degradation can occur

226 at the tRNA deficiencies lead to compromised chloroplast protein synthesis and the observed whole-pla

227 genes involved in chlorophyll catabolism and chloroplast protein turnover were subdued in bzip60-2, a

228 ns and also interacts with MYOSIN-RESEMBLING CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN, a proposed structural protein influ

229 ports the concept that peptides derived from chloroplast proteins can function as regulators of plant

230 independent loci (PPR30 and mTERF9) encoding chloroplast proteins predicted to be involved in post-tr

231 plasts, involving regulatory nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins, as well as nucleocytosolic photore

232 ation processes during the remodeling of the chloroplast proteome under stress conditions and discuss

233 The chloroplast proteome, pigment composition, and photosynt

234 Chloroplast proteostasis is governed by a network of pep

235 te the (1) O(2) signaling pathways to induce chloroplast quality control pathways and/or cell death.

236 challenged by the alternate locations of the chloroplast rbcL gene and nuclear RbcS genes.

237 10.8%) and more specific tunable changes of chloroplast redox function than chemicals alone.

238 Moreover, dek5 chloroplasts reduce inorganic phosphate uptake with at l

239 e carotenoid biosynthesis mutant, carotenoid chloroplast regulation 2 (ccr2), that has no prolamellar

240 ted predominantly have carbon processing and chloroplast-related functions.

241 Under blue light, plant chloroplasts relocate to different areas of the cell.

242 t leaf transmittance changes associated with chloroplast relocation affect measurements of nonphotoch

243 Furthermore, chloroplast relocation had no effect on the high-light t

244 we show that the plastoquinone pool of slug chloroplasts remains oxidized, which can suppress reacti

245 R RICE1 (SLR1) and OsFSD2 in the nucleus and chloroplasts, respectively, to integrate chilling tolera

246 ulm) was steam-sterilised and then juiced; a chloroplast-rich fraction (CRF) was recovered from the j

247 as well as other qualitative changes in the chloroplast RNA population.

248 The chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) d

249 Using chloroplast RNA-sequencing and other molecular assays, w

250 ing intermediates generated by splicing, and chloroplast RNAs.

251 distribution in Spinacia oleracea leaves and chloroplasts shows that sufficient Cl(-) is present for

252 The 43 kDa subunit of the chloroplast signal recognition particle, cpSRP43, is an

253 rmed this allele as causal for the increased chloroplast size in Cvi-1.

254 impaired chloroplast development and reduced chloroplast stress signaling.

255 nt cells impaired their ability to cope with chloroplast stress, including exposure to excessive ligh

256 SAFE1 is localized in the chloroplast stroma, and release of (1)O(2) induces SAFE1

257 units in the high-molecular-mass fraction of chloroplast stromal extracts.

258 opy revealed a deficiency of carotenoid-rich chloroplast structures (e.g., eyespot and plastoglobules

259 l side of the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast suggest a possible role of membrane transpor

260 chloroplasts (D(chl-chl) ) and decreased the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space

261 and Poales or, vice versa, for the remaining chloroplast target after a deep loss of the mitochondria

262 ondrial target also after deep losses of the chloroplast target among Asterales, Caryophyllales and P

263 to endosperm amyloplasts by fusing the Waxy1 chloroplast targeting the peptide coding sequence to the

264 in the central cluster and the remodeling of chloroplasts that have been displaced by the vacuole to

265 In chloroplasts, the full-length OsCYP20-2 promotes OsFSD2

266 In isolated chloroplasts, the membrane integration of imported Plsp1

267 Sea slugs increase the longevity of the chloroplasts they steal from algae by limiting the harmf

268 f 16:1t is linked to the redox status of the chloroplast through PRXQ associated with the thylakoids.

269 ns of photosynthesis take place in the plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane, a complex three-dimensio

270 in flu Without SAFE1, grana margins (GMs) of chloroplast thylakoids (Thys) are specifically damaged u

271 ons such as mitochondrial ATP synthesis, the chloroplast thylakoids, vesicle trafficking, and transla

272 line acyltransferase (LPCAT) activity at the chloroplast to form PC before conversion to galactolipid

273 argeted to the endoplasmic reticulum and the chloroplast to lower 16:0 in leaf lipids of fab1 plants.

274 This review covers the contribution of the chloroplast to pathogen associated molecular pattern and

275 and mTERF0, is a necessary prerequisite for chloroplasts to activate the (1) O(2) signaling pathways

276 e not just consequences but requirements for chloroplasts to differentiate into chromoplasts.

277 The capacity of chloroplasts to synthesize phytohormones and a diverse r

278 he carotenoid pathway, elicits an artificial chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation in leaves.

279 at the outer and inner envelope membranes of chloroplast (TOC-TIC) complex, upon light exposure is a

280 scriptomic experiments to analyze changes in chloroplast transcript accumulation and translation in l

281 r time-course data revealed almost unaltered chloroplast transcript levels and only mild changes in r

282 homogenous plant Rubisco by rbcL-rbcS operon chloroplast transformation.

283 ams to maximize performance and accuracy for chloroplast transit peptides and demonstrate this techni

284 TOC159 import receptor during proplastid to chloroplast transition.

285 tment and the fine-tuning of dNTP levels for chloroplast translation and development.

286 The psrp mutant is globally defective in chloroplast translation, and has varying deficiencies in

287 strongly disrupted in the splicing of three chloroplast tRNAs: trnI, trnV and trnA.

288 , in the control of the reducing activity of chloroplast TRXs as well as in the rapid oxidation of st

289 hanges in weather, chlorophyll fluorescence, chloroplast ultrastructure, and changes in pigment-prote

290 hanism under excess blue light alongside the chloroplast unusual positioning1 (chup1) protein.

291 hemicals to plant photosynthetic organelles (chloroplasts) using a guiding peptide recognition motif.

292 represent considerable advantages that make chloroplasts valuable targets in agricultural biotechnol

293 ow a defect in thylakoid structure, and lack chloroplast vesicles.

294 ectedly, division of the large Chlamydomonas chloroplast was delayed in the cells lacking F-actin; as

295 and the mechanisms behind ROS signaling from chloroplasts, we have used the Arabidopsis thaliana muta

296 Macro-chloroplasts were successfully transformed by biolistic

297 vement of C(i) from the environment into the chloroplast, where primary CO(2) assimilation occurs.

298 eved to play a significant role in supplying chloroplasts with ATP produced in the mitochondria.

299 Envelope membrane proteins integrate chloroplasts with the cell, but envelope biogenesis mech

300 e phase-separated compartment in Arabidopsis chloroplasts, with liquid-like properties similar to a p