ライフサイエンスコーパス: cholinergic

1 ghts the state of the field, with a focus on cholinergic action in early visual processing.

2 can increase respiratory activity in part by cholinergic activation of chemosensitive elements of the

3 We hypothesize that during the day cholinergic activation of the largest PDFME via lamina o

4 rotransmitter GABA, our results suggest that cholinergic activity counteracts the effect of GABA with

5 fore is poised to be a positive regulator of cholinergic activity in response to L-DOPA in the dopami

6 We report that inhibiting spontaneous cholinergic activity or reducing starburst amacrine cell

7 reinterpreted in terms of integrated phasic cholinergic activity that mediates specific behavioral a

8 s in combination with a more nuanced view of cholinergic activity will open critical new avenues to a

9 lly supported by light-triggered sympathetic cholinergic activity, which inhibits BM vascular cell ad

10 How the organization of cholinergic afferents confers this level of precision re

11 mechanism, we used optogenetics to stimulate cholinergic afferents in prefrontal cortex brain slices

12 netic stimulation of either glutamatergic or cholinergic afferents to probe the relative roles of dif

13 We found that dialyzing the cholinergic agonist carbachol into HVC increased the pit

14 d insulin secretion evoked by the muscarinic cholinergic agonist Oxo-M.

15 ithin islets can be entrained by pulses of a cholinergic agonist, carbachol (CCh).

16 Cholinergic agonists, ATP, and UTP stimulated contractio

17 lammation because the functions regulated by cholinergic agonists, VIP, and purinergic receptors are

18 ate target to treat cognitive disorders with cholinergic alterations.

19 MECs were stimulated with cholinergic and alpha(1)-adrenergic agonists, vasoactive

20 murine BC revealed high expression levels of cholinergic and bitter taste signaling transcripts (Tas2

21 unc-2(zf35gf) mutants display increased cholinergic and decreased GABAergic transmission.

22 ferential connectivity patterns of starburst cholinergic and GABAergic synapses to ganglion cells, fo

23 ch as retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cholinergic and GABAergic systems, among others.

24 ase was genetically associated not only with cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons (which include dop

25 A1 L6 CT neurons revealed a narrow strip of cholinergic and non-cholinergic projection neurons in th

26 These neurons were cholinergic and showed no immunostaining for other trans

27 that male and female rats with dual cortical cholinergic and striatal DA losses (DL rats) exhibit cue

28 e selection of main targets involved in the "cholinergic" and the "beta-amyloid" hypothesis.

29 omodulatory projections (e.g., serotonergic, cholinergic, and noradrenergic).

30 ous detection of NOS with catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic structures, aiming to esta

31 Injection of muscarinic cholinergic antagonists, scopolamine methyl bromide or q

32 S is first applied to spleen to modulate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), and US stim

33 One target is the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that consists of t

34 Previous studies also show that cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways play crucial role

35 stressor altered sustained attention and the cholinergic attention system in male and female rats.

36 Immunohistochemical staining revealed that cholinergic axonal projections exclusively reached type

37 petitive optogenetic stimulation confined to cholinergic axons is sufficient to trigger a lasting pot

38 ACh release from cholinergic axons is thus sufficient to trigger heterosy

39 In type I acini, the rich network of cholinergic axons terminate within the basolateral infol

40 Selective stimulation of cholinergic axons was sufficient to induce LTP, which wa

41 er cortical pyramidal neurons, interneurons, cholinergic basal forebrain neurons and striatal neurons

42 ICANCE STATEMENT When attention is required, cholinergic basal forebrain neurons may trigger increase

43 ed mouse hippocampal granule cells (GCs) and cholinergic basal forebrain neurons, that the correlatio

44 Cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei densities were determ

45 endocrine cells appear as primary sensors of cholinergic blockade inducing the expansion of tuft cell

46 Peripheral cholinergic blockade of immune reactions fine-tunes this

47 Cholinergic blockade reduces Lgr5-positive intestinal st

48 These included cholinergic cell groups typically identified in other ve

49 n dyskinesia severity and pERK expression in cholinergic cells has been described.

50 Distinct groups of cholinergic cells were observed in the telencephalon, di

51 n tomography (PET) imaging studies implicate cholinergic changes as significant contributors to PIGD

52 First, we show that cholinergic changes in cortical state can vary dramatica

53 cigarettes") likely undergo sensitization of cholinergic circuitry in the Hb-IP system.

54 Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic circuitry represents an early event in the d

55 ronal tracing methods, we identified two new cholinergic connections leading to novel hypotheses on t

56 from aging monkeys with naturally occurring cholinergic depletion.

57 ued turning behavior in rodents modeling the cholinergic-dopaminergic losses observed in Parkinsonian

58 cadian rhythm and entrainment, glutamatergic/cholinergic/dopaminergic synaptic function, calcium and

59 transmission of acetylcholine (ACh) via the cholinergic drug donepezil reduces the extent to which t

60 Cholinergic drugs acting at M1/M4 muscarinic receptors h

61 ns of stimulation and more sensitive to both cholinergic drugs and temperature.

62 choline receptors cause acute postganglionic cholinergic dysautonomia.

63 not limited to muscle-relaxing or autonomic cholinergic effects but that it can act as an analgesic

64 are innervated by medial olivocochlear (MOC) cholinergic efferent fibers.

65 imulates vagal sensory ganglia and activates cholinergic enteric neurons by secreting the neurotransm

66 noids, the analysis showed the presence of a cholinergic entoneural system while the ectoneural plexu

67 tropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, cholinergic enzymes and receptors, markers of monoamine

68 Loss of alpha5 slows cholinergic excitation and delays its peak, and these ef

69 nsate for genetic disruption and permit fast cholinergic excitation of prefrontal attention circuits.

70 and 5% of interneurons, among which are the cholinergic, fast-spiking, and low threshold-spiking sub

71 Increased cholinergic fibers in asthmatic airway biopsies was foun

72 hibition of liver-projecting parasympathetic cholinergic fibers increases blood glucose levels.

73 fferent (OE) nucleus is the likely source of cholinergic fibers innervating the ELL.

74 al genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that cholinergic fibers within the mouse cortex exhibit remar

75 at are strongly determined by the anatomy of cholinergic fibers, the distribution and the signaling m

76 These alterations in central cholinergic function are associated with disruptions in

77 Reconceptualizing cholinergic function as spatially specific, phasic, and

78 n studies by demonstrating the importance of cholinergic function in the dorsal striatum in human beh

79 r show that optogenetic inhibition of either cholinergic, GABAergic, or glutamatergic neurons in the

80 nce supports pharmacological modification of cholinergic, GABAergic, serotonergic or dopaminergic sys

81 We reconstructed the organization of the cholinergic gene locus, and then used in situ hybridizat

82 In contrast, the cholinergic hypothesis argues for a specific pathology o

83 several brain areas not usually regarded as cholinergic, including specific thalamic and hypothalami

84 ponses, implicating CD14(+) monocytes in the cholinergic inflammatory reflex.

85 We probed nicotinic cholinergic influences on acoustic responses of MNTB neu

86 Yet little is known about cholinergic influences on motor cortical regions.

87 assemble in hair cells only coincident with cholinergic innervation and do not express in recombinan

88 spects of the chemoarchitecture, such as the cholinergic innervation of the magnocellular division of

89 We also find that birthdate predicts cholinergic innervation patterns within the amygdala, hi

90 greater understanding of some aspects of the cholinergic innervation to this region, as well as its p

91 erall, however, AChE-staining suggested that cholinergic innervation, neural pathways and function of

92 l week associated with abnormally persistent cholinergic innervation.

93 were positive for HCN4 and received uniform cholinergic innervation.

94 We demonstrate that this cholinergic input enhances neural discrimination of tone

95 0-20%) of postsynaptic neurons that received cholinergic input from ChAT-VIP interneurons also receiv

96 our findings indicate that a loss of central cholinergic input originating from the basal forebrain m

97 central nervous system, we hypothesized that cholinergic input originating from the basal forebrain m

98 escribe novel anatomic projections providing cholinergic input to the MNTB.

99 resent study aimed to identify the source of cholinergic input to the RTN and determine whether choli

100 ely, this study provides a mechanism to link cholinergic input with alpha9alpha10 assembly, identifie

101 sic excitability and responses to excitatory cholinergic input, both by tyramine(honoka) receptor act

102 A mild aversive stimulus activated cholinergic inputs and evoked a bimodal distribution of

103 Cholinergic inputs originating from the peripheral nervo

104 Here, we demonstrate that a loss of cholinergic integrity in the CNS, indexed by longitudina

105 ted cholinergic signaling that depolarizes a cholinergic interneuron (cha-lOLP) and hyperpolarizes a

106 Changes in striatal cholinergic interneuron (ChI) activity are thought to co

107 The data show that NAc cholinergic interneuron activity critically opposes the

108 at basolateral amygdala inputs and striatal cholinergic interneuron synapses on to DMS medium spiny

109 Here we describe a novel, giant, non-cholinergic interneuron within the VLS.

110 chronized pauses in the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChINs) are correlated with ele

111 As striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are positioned to integr

112 Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in the nucleus accumbens

113 s, and a small minority of other neurons are cholinergic interneurons (ChIs).

114 antibodies from children with PANDAS bind to cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the striatum.

115 f VP neurons, GPe cells (actor) and striatal cholinergic interneurons (critic) while monkeys performe

116 d an increase in the firing rate of putative cholinergic interneurons and fast-spiking interneurons.

117 orsal tegmental nuclei synapse with striatal cholinergic interneurons and give rise to excitatory res

118 ed with reduced VAChT expression in striatal cholinergic interneurons and the limbic archicortex.

119 receptor it is highly expressed in striatal cholinergic interneurons and therefore is poised to be a

120 vement control in rodents, and that striatal cholinergic interneurons are an essential node of such c

121 linergic transmission in the striatum, where cholinergic interneurons are modulated by cholinergic ne

122 Tonically active cholinergic interneurons become dysregulated during chro

123 CRF's fast and potent activation of cholinergic interneurons could have far reaching behavio

124 Here we report that striatal cholinergic interneurons express CRF-R1 receptors and ar

125 demonstrated the essential role of striatal cholinergic interneurons for turning behavior as well as

126 nction of the D5 receptor and how it affects cholinergic interneurons in L-DOPA induced dyskinesia, w

127 Cholinergic interneurons make <1% of the cells in the st

128 that acetylcholine and glutamate released by cholinergic interneurons play in habit formation and mal

129 timulation of acetylcholine release from NAc cholinergic interneurons prevented cues from invigoratin

130 NAc cholinergic interneurons provide a critical regulatory i

131 Striatal cholinergic interneurons regulate DA release via axonal

132 rons was seen in Q175 mice at 18 months, but cholinergic interneurons showed dendrite attenuation by

133 6, another marker for the activity status of cholinergic interneurons was also reduced.

134 A small cluster of cholinergic interneurons, expressing the transcription f

135 in vivo and in vitro These afferents engage cholinergic interneurons, which drive dopamine release f

136 cal evoked DA signals rely on recruitment of cholinergic interneurons, which renders DA signals less

137 een causally associated with the activity of cholinergic interneurons.

138 oreceptor-Galpha (i/o) signaling in striatal cholinergic interneurons.

139 the cellular effects of PANDAS antibodies on cholinergic interneurons.

140 ition of acetylcholine release from striatal cholinergic interneurons.

141 at state space, likely through modulation of cholinergic interneurons.

142 Habit formation is modulated by striatal cholinergic interneurons.

143 also likely acts by reducing excitation from cholinergic interneurons.

144 l homeostasis following modifications of the cholinergic intestinal niche.

145 s show that xanomeline robustly induces both cholinergic-like neocortical activation and desynchroniz

146 Human bronchial biopsies were stained for cholinergic marker vesicular acetylcholine transporter (

147 Keratinocytes (KCs) have a functional cholinergic mechanism, suggesting that they respond to A

148 rved within a dose range that did not induce cholinergic-mediated adverse effects.

149 targets of LIN-39, thereby alternative, not cholinergic MN-specific, terminal features become activa

150 ultiple terminal identity traits specific to cholinergic MNs, but also antagonizes LIN-39's ability t

151 STATEMENT In the peripheral nervous system, cholinergic modulation holds the reactivity of macrophag

152 function of these systems and suggests that cholinergic modulation may have anxiolytic effects.

153 Optimal attention performance requires cholinergic modulation of corticothalamic neurons in the

154 However, the effects of cholinergic modulators on the function of anxiety-relate

155 y heterochronic mutants, presynapses of this cholinergic motoneuron are mislocalized to the dendrite

156 proper neurite projection patterning of the cholinergic motor neuron called PDB in C. elegans.

157 we report a molecular mechanism that enables cholinergic motor neurons (MNs) in the C. elegans ventra

158 C-3/Ebf, the terminal selector of C. elegans cholinergic motor neurons (MNs), acts indirectly to prev

159 otor command interneurons, AVA, that control cholinergic motor neurons in the avoidance neural circui

160 No evidence of innervation by excitatory, cholinergic motor neurons was found.

161 activity of interconnected glutamatergic and cholinergic mushroom body output neurons (MBON).

162 d these CS representations bottom-up via the cholinergic NBM.

163 Cholinergic nerves provided the most abundant input to t

164 ure in mice resulted in increased density of cholinergic nerves, which was prevented by inhibiting Tr

165 Cholinergic neuromodulation has been described throughou

166 Interplay between dopaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in the striatum is crucial f

167 An age-related loss of cholinergic neuromodulation may remove key checks on mic

168 ferential recruitment of two basal forebrain cholinergic neuron types generates behavior-specific cor

169 disrupt the presynaptic polarity of this DA cholinergic neuron.

170 We describe remodeling of the cholinergic neuronal network in asthmatic airways driven

171 Age-related degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is linked to cognitive impai

172 Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) modulate synaptic plasticity

173 rlying the selective loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs), a well-recognized character

174 Bursting cholinergic neurons (Burst-BFCNs) fired synchronously, p

175 ight sensitive cation channel exclusively on cholinergic neurons (ChAT-ChR2(H134R)-EYFP).

176 Regular-firing cholinergic neurons (Reg-BFCNs) were found predominantly

177 ever, GABA neurons lie intermingled with the cholinergic neurons and may contribute to or oppose this

178 We identify cholinergic neurons and noradrenergic neurons in an intr

179 ion of melanocortin-4 receptors inhibits DMV cholinergic neurons and optogenetic inhibition of liver-

180 ) on excitability of specific populations of cholinergic neurons and provide a framework for understa

181 NBM cholinergic neurons are mainly under inhibitory control,

182 Increased activity of cholinergic neurons are mediators of airway hyperrespons

183 Chemogenetic activation of septal cholinergic neurons expressing the excitatory hM3Dq DREA

184 nd increased the dendritic complexity of NBM cholinergic neurons in both sexes.

185 , optogenetics and functional mapping reveal cholinergic neurons in the DMN, which project to the cel

186 Inhibition of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum by DREADD (desi

187 aluating strategies to modulate specifically cholinergic neurons in the medial septum.

188 of acetylcholine (ACh) into the cortex from cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (N

189 The cholinergic neurons in the pontomesencephalic tegmentum

190 eus, no serotoninergic raphe neurons nor any cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT that projected to

191 ely results in activation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons increasing release of ACh onto presy

192 ddition, a potential absence of hypothalamic cholinergic neurons is suggestive of unusual patterns of

193 Yet the cholinergic neurons lie intermingled with GABA neurons,

194 re cholinergic interneurons are modulated by cholinergic neurons of the midbrain.

195 SDB GABA neurons monosynaptically project to cholinergic neurons of the ventral MHb.

196 Selective optogenetic activation of DMN cholinergic neurons or electrical activation of the cerv

197 Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons require NGF for maintenance of choli

198 These results indicate that cholinergic neurons residing in the brainstem DMN contro

199 study describes the spatial distribution of cholinergic neurons throughout the brain of the weakly e

200 eveloped hiPSC-derived Aged dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons to model PD and related synucleinopa

201 olonic ICC-IM receive excitatory inputs from cholinergic neurons via M(3) receptor activation.

202 ike previous studies of BF glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons, arousals induced by stimulation of

203 excitation globally, or in glutamatergic or cholinergic neurons, increases longevity.

204 e pontomesencephalic tegmentum, particularly cholinergic neurons, play an important role in cortical

205 n heavily populated by cortically projecting cholinergic neurons, precedes and predicts entorhinal de

206 aturation into GABAergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic neurons, showing entangled electrically acti

207 with losses of basal forebrain and striatal cholinergic neurons, suggesting that falls reflect disru

208 pNon-GABA, which likely included cholinergic, neurons were inhibited during each light pu

209 These findings show cholinergic neuroplasticity in asthma driven by TrkB sig

210 e beneficially altered through modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission and suggest potential for

211 Preclinical evidence implicates cholinergic neurotransmission in the function of these s

212 tored the rapid-onset kinetics of endogenous cholinergic neurotransmission.

213 at Unc-4 functions in lineage 11A to promote cholinergic neurotransmitter identity and suppress the G

214 ell loss in mice with enhanced alpha9alpha10 cholinergic nicotinic receptors gating kinetics ("gain o

215 GC neurons triggered awakening by recruiting cholinergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic arousal pa

216 , and function of the nucleus isthmi (NI), a cholinergic nucleus thought to modulate tectal-dependent

217 We used 11C-donepezil PET/CT to assess cholinergic (parasympathetic) innervation, 123I-metaiodo

218 binding site can allosterically enhance the cholinergic pathway considered vital for attention.

219 neurons enabled learning by employing both a cholinergic pathway that promoted self-stimulation and a

220 nti-inflammatory influence of the peripheral cholinergic pathways on macrophages, our findings indica

221 sis argues for a specific pathology of brain cholinergic pathways.

222 We show that the neurons generated are cholinergic, peptidergic, and ciliated putative proprioc

223 ests transient developmental expression of a cholinergic phenotype in areas important for cognition,

224 The transient cholinergic phenotype of these glutamatergic neurons sug

225 e the developmental timing of this transient cholinergic phenotype, and found that it mirrored the es

226 ergic neurons require NGF for maintenance of cholinergic phenotype, are critical for cognition, and d

227 A better understanding of the cholinergic physiology in diabetic KCs could improve wou

228 o identify new Pitx2 populations and map the cholinergic Pitx2 neurons of the mouse brain.

229 Furthermore, after genetic ablation of cholinergic Pitx2(+) interneurons, M2 receptor-dependent

230 n mechanism of hippocampal sleep dynamics by cholinergic pontine transients may promote systems and s

231 While early born cholinergic populations target deep layers, late born on

232 We report that enhanced cholinergic potentiation attenuates perceptual suppressi

233 d injected into the RTN labelled a subset of cholinergic PPTg neurons that presumably project directl

234 Based on previous evidence that cholinergic PPTg projections may simultaneously activate

235 vealed a narrow strip of cholinergic and non-cholinergic projection neurons in the external globus pa

236 est that degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic projection system is a robust and reliable u

237 ulation of breathing involves recruitment of cholinergic projections from the PPTg to the RTN.

238 we report anatomic evidence revealing novel cholinergic projections to MNTB arising from pontine and

239 Strikingly, birthdated cholinergic projections within the cortex follow an insi

240 rong expression quantitative trait locus for cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha2 subunit (CHRNA2);

241 conditions are altered to promote sustained cholinergic receptor stimulation, it becomes evident tha

242 These results demonstrate that cholinergic receptors are critical to establish attentio

243 pesticides are agonists of insect nicotinic cholinergic receptors, and sub-lethal exposures are link

244 layer, express both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

245 The so-called Cholinergic REM Induction Test revealed that REM sleep a

246 restores the rapid onset of the postsynaptic cholinergic response without triggering desensitization.

247 ical for the rapid onset of the postsynaptic cholinergic response.

248 e, we show that alpha5 subunits permit rapid cholinergic responses in prefrontal cortex and protect t

249 e sensory responses and the winner-takes-all cholinergic responses, and the model correctly predicted

250 Conceptualizations of cholinergic signaling as primarily spatially diffuse and

251 Altogether, our results suggest that cholinergic signaling impairs upper airway dilator muscl

252 pecific function of rapid, phasic, transient cholinergic signaling in attentional contexts.

253 However, the nature of cholinergic signaling in the brain remains controversial

254 Analysis of mice with disrupted cholinergic signaling in the cochlea indicate that this

255 nion Paper: Diverse Spatiotemporal Scales of Cholinergic Signaling in the Neocortex, by Anita A.

256 ce from real-time amperometric recordings of cholinergic signaling indicating a specific function of

257 t the advantage alpha5 confers on endogenous cholinergic signaling is unknown.

258 Here we investigated the cholinergic signaling pathway in the SG of two hard tick

259 isual circuit emerges through light-elicited cholinergic signaling that depolarizes a cholinergic int

260 urons in insects receive light input through cholinergic signaling we tested for effects of neonicoti

261 resilience that Chrna5 confers on endogenous cholinergic signaling, defining a critical window of int

262 high degree of spatiotemporal specificity in cholinergic signaling.

263 Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: Forebrain Cholinergic Signaling: Wired and Phasic, Not Tonic, and

264 tory output from the pFRG, we speculate that cholinergic signalling at the level of RTN region could

265 A role for cholinergic signalling has also been reported.

266 In addition, cholinergic signalling in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RT

267 ergic input to the RTN and determine whether cholinergic signalling in this region influences baselin

268 n, but its advantage in detecting endogenous cholinergic signals is unknown.

269 al (parasympathetic) and local (sympathetic) cholinergic signals regulate day/night oscillations of c

270 dings elucidate synaptic mechanisms by which cholinergic spinal interneurons modulate the final commo

271 gic AC subtypes, Rbfox2 was colocalized with cholinergic starburst ACs, NPY (neuropeptide Y)- and EBF

272 One hypothesis suggests that cholinergic stimulation of islets by pancreatic ganglia

273 We used a novel rat model in which cholinergic stimulation of PFC produced wakefulness desp

274 duced excitability and dopamine release upon cholinergic stimulation.

275 ontribute to the cardioprotective effects of cholinergic stimulation.

276 , we present a case study from neuroscience: cholinergic suppression in the cortex.

277 njection of vesamicol-a VAChT blocker-at the cholinergic synapse, suppressed forced water uptake by d

278 llow the relative roles of glutamatergic and cholinergic synapses in the induction of LTP to be disti

279 viously unappreciated specificity within the cholinergic system and the developmental logic by which

280 he animal literature shows that the striatal cholinergic system is fundamental to reversal learning,

281 STATEMENT Our research demonstrates that the cholinergic system is implicated in modulating binocular

282 Animal studies have shown that the striatal cholinergic system plays a role in behavioral flexibilit

283 The basal forebrain cholinergic system projects broadly throughout the corte

284 arding the modulation of mood by the central cholinergic system, drawing upon studies from human post

285 the human body such as those involved in the cholinergic system.

286 Chat(Cre) marks all known cholinergic systems in the adult brain, but also identif

287 rmation about the anatomical organization of cholinergic systems which impact motor systems of the br

288 models, in the subcortical monoaminergic and cholinergic systems, accompanied by widespread macrovasc

289 One component of the efferent system is cholinergic, the activation of which inhibits afferent a

290 ces correlate with cognition, pathology, and cholinergic tone, and may suggest novel biomarkers and t

291 s of transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) targeting cholinergic transcripts.

292 tudies support a causal relationship between cholinergic transients and behavior.

293 Such oscillations outlast cholinergic transients and thus link transient ACh signa

294 Blocking cholinergic transmission in the hypoglossal motor nucleu

295 sus activity, highlighting the importance of cholinergic transmission in the inhibition of hypoglossa

296 e in the striatum, is a major contributor to cholinergic transmission in the striatal complex.

297 nce of two hierarchically-organized modes of cholinergic transmission in the striatum, where choliner

298 Cholinergic transmission shapes the maturation of glutam

299 cells of Cajal (ICC-IM) are associated with cholinergic varicosities, suggesting a role in mediating

300 and their inputs from projection neurons are cholinergic, yet little is known about the physiological