ライフサイエンスコーパス: choroid

1 vea of the human eye (iris, ciliary body and choroid).

2 rrounding tissues (such as neural retina and choroid).

3 ocapillaris and larger vessels in the deeper choroid.

4 lyzed to assess abnormalities of the RPE and choroid.

5 ER2::LUC bioluminescence rhythm in mouse RPE-choroid.

6 ion and abduction compress the peripapillary choroid.

7 ivascular inflammatory infiltrate within the choroid.

8 to primarily originate from and involve the choroid.

9 ng the internal and external layers, and the choroid.

10 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid.

11 s of UM arising from the ciliary body and/or choroid.

12 l structure of underlying retinal layers and choroid.

13 r retina nourished by the profusely perfused choroid.

14 ut RNFL changes preceded those affecting the choroid.

15 arization) associated with drusen and a thin choroid.

16 y, and the individual vascular layers of the choroid.

17 wed by atrophy of the outer retina, RPE, and choroid.

18 delivered by blood vessels in the underlying choroid.

19 gnificance of MCs and their degranulation in choroid.

20 n at the level of the outer retina and inner choroid.

21 r vascular diseases involving the retina and choroid.

22 ore prevalent in AMD than those in the outer choroid.

23 longer than nonmyopic eyes and have thinner choroids.

24 ranulation of mast cells was observed in the choroid 15 minutes after the injection and increased up

25 conjunctiva (6/31, 19%), eyelid (2/31, 6%), choroid (2/31, 6%), and orbit (1/31, 3%).

26 region of signal hypertransmission into the choroid, (2) a corresponding zone of attenuation or disr

27 The melanoma involved the choroid (938/1059, 89%), ciliary body (85/1059, 8%), or

28 l pigment epithelium, the presence of a thin choroid, a perivascular choroidal inflammatory infiltrat

29 The thinning of the macular choroid (affected or not by choroidal neovascularization

30 ding to a reduction of leukocytes within the choroid after CNV induction.

31 iabetic patients without DR showed a thicker choroid and a thinner retina, particularly in inner laye

32 a Reference Algorithms were used to quantify choroid and choriocapillaris thicknesses.

33 Thicker choroid and higher CVD were also correlated with poor tr

34 y described with lipid globules found in the choroid and in neovascular membranes.

35 n (QO2) relies on oxygen availability by the choroid and is contingent upon retinal tissue oxygen ten

36 actors independently associated with thicker choroid and larger choroidal volume.

37 mplanted in unintended locations: within the choroid and off center by 2 mm.

38 ncreased in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid and positively correlated with choroidal degener

39 ad concomitant peripapillary 3 mm or greater choroid and postlaminar optic nerve involvement; and 15

40 al thickness, while CSC patients had a thick choroid and predominantly nonvascularized, serous PEDs w

41 apy using IL-1 receptor antagonist preserves choroid and prevents protracted outer neuroretinal anoma

42 of sunitinib in retinal pigmented epithelium/choroid and retina for more than six months.

43 ition, the inner and outer boundaries of the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as well as

44 tegy for the therapeutic preservation of the choroid and RPE in age-related retinal disorders.

45 easurable; however, at the nevus margin, the choroid and sclera appeared normal.

46 tinoic acid-binding proteins secreted by the choroid and sclera during visually guided ocular growth.

47 texture and ambiguous boundaries between the choroid and sclera in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

48 ing the PCAs showed no filling of the entire choroid and the optic disc in both groups of animals.

49 etected, preceded by oxidative stress in the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium.

50 ellular and molecular landscape of adult RPE/choroid and uncover a Hedgehog-regulated choroidal immun

51 individual retinal layers, optic nerve head, choroid, and lamina cribrosa.

52 ith hypertransmission of OCT signal into the choroid, and leading to loss of the outer nuclear layer

53 e human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid are complex tissues that provide crucial support

54 Choroids are thinner in longer, more myopic young adult

55 e binarized using ImageJ software, and total choroid area (TCA), luminal area (LA), and stromal area

56 c findings in dome-shaped macula suggest the choroid as a target for possible treatment strategies.

57 h structural changes of the outer retina and choroid as seen on co-registered spectral domain OCT (SD

58 s to investigate whether a thinner subfoveal choroid at 11 years of age predicted axial eye elongatio

59 A thin subfoveal choroid at age 11 years did not predict axial eye elonga

60 r druse displayed hypertransmission into the choroid at week 52 on B-scan imaging and was classified

61 In a subgroup of the rabbit eyes, localized choroid atrophy was induced by cryopexy before TA-film i

62 Both nasal and temporal peripapillary choroid averaged 9-19 mum thinner in adduction and abduc

63 , where the vessels of larger caliber of the choroid became recognizable and their appearance inverte

64 t association between worse BCVA and thinner choroids below a threshold of 300 mum, raising the possi

65 orizontal line scan can represent the entire choroid but subfoveal center point measurements are only

66 rs of microvasculature of the retina and the choroid by comparing consecutive B-scans.

67 elanoma, 8720-8790) and site (retina, C69.2; choroid, C69.3; and ciliary body, C69.4) from 1975 throu

68 scleral interface with focal thinning of the choroid can be considered a normal variation without cli

69 thickness in a vascular tissue, such as the choroid, can be useful to evaluate the effect of obesity

70 ulk RNA sequencing, we categorized mouse RPE/choroid cell types and characterized the tissue-specific

71 of 103 UM from all sites of the uveal tract (choroid, ciliary body, iris).

72 or retina (PVRL) or the eyelid, conjunctiva, choroid, ciliary body, lacrimal gland, or orbit (OA-uvea

73 tudy and control groups for effect of IOP or choroid circulation.

74 h phase advances and phase delays of the RPE-choroid clock, thus suggesting that - as in other tissue

75 crophages and the retinal pigment epithelium/choroid complex.

76 luated for hyporeflective areas in the outer choroid consistent with collections of fluid using enhan

77 Although the choroid contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related m

78 ly inhibition of IL-1beta receptor preserved choroid, decreased subretinal hypoxia, and prevented RPE

79 All layers of the retina and choroid demonstrate maldevelopment and varying degrees o

80 will spawn a search for additional roles of choroid ECs in RPE physiology and disease.

81 Here we study the contribution of choroid ECs to this process by comparing their gene expr

82 eyes (21%), juxtapapillary in 31 (31%), and choroid elsewhere in 47 (48%).

83 etinal pigment epithelium (RPE), fenestrated choroid endothelial cells (ECs) and Bruch's membrane, a

84 ies in a microvascular sprouting assay using choroid explants.

85 tep in eye development is the closure of the choroid fissure (CF), a transient structure in the ventr

86 tein A-I mRNA was significantly increased in choroids following retinoic acid treatment.

87 med on macular and peripheral regions of RPE-choroid from 7 human donor eyes in 2 independent experim

88 y, these findings define important roles for choroid gammadelta T cells in maintaining tissue homeost

89 Both RNFL and choroid had the same trend (increased thickness, followe

90 While the abundance of MCs in the choroid implies their fundamental importance in the eye,

91 ufts of BVNs), and stalks of origin from the choroid in 26 eyes (55.3%, 26 stalks) on the en face pla

92 sory retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid in 4 eyes (44%).

93 in cases 1, 3, and 4; the neural retina and choroid in case 1; and in the optic nerve in case 4.

94 l to evaluate scleral thickness and anterior choroid in equivocal cases.

95 ation), along with the significantly thicker choroid in exudative AMD eyes before treatment initiatio

96 led morphologic and vascular features of the choroid in eyes with high myopia.

97 y, and the individual vascular layers of the choroid in eyes with Stargardt disease on SD OCT.

98 The choroid in high myopic eyes was thickest temporally comp

99 tatively demonstrated the involvement of the choroid in LHON pathology.

100 To describe changes in the retina/choroid in patients with Serpiginous Choroiditis (SC) by

101 n embryonic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid in the absence of light.

102 is not well understood, and the role of the choroid in the pathogenesis of AMN remains controversial

103 f vascular flow abnormality in the retina or choroid in this elusive disease.

104 IL-1beta was found to be cytotoxic to choroid in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo.

105 riable analyses showed significantly thinner choroids in eyes with more myopia and longer AL at all l

106 deposits, ready to bind proteins at the RPE/choroid interface.

107 ning extracellular lipid droplets at the RPE/choroid interface; proteins and lipids then attach to th

108 Conversely, thinning of the choroid is the common outcome in chronic LHON and in DOA

109 suprachoroidal space, between the sclera and choroid, is an alternative delivery technique developed

110 The choroid layer is a vascular layer in human retina and it

111 studies have shown that the thickness of the choroid layer is correlated with the diagnosis of severa

112 rary advances, automatic segmentation of the choroid layer remains a challenging task due to low cont

113 osed and implemented an automatic method for choroid layer segmentation in OCT images using deep lear

114 ly automatic methods exist in the context of choroid layer segmentation, more effective and accurate

115 tal retinal, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid layer thickness were significantly lower after s

116 was to segment out Bruch's Membrane (BM) and choroid layer to calculate the thickness map.

117 ies of morphological operations, whereas the choroid layer was segmented using a deep learning approa

118 chment, the choroidal stalks were all in the choroid layer.

119 uggest that vascular compromise of the inner choroid may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMN.

120 oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroid neovascularization.

121 oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroid neovascularization.

122 degenerative changes in the retina, RPE, and choroid of Cd46(-/-) mice that are consistent with human

123 the periphery, fovea, pigment epithelium and choroid of light-responsive adult human retinas, and per

124 oproteins B48 and A1 are elevated in the RPE/choroid of the aged CFH-H/H mice compared with age-match

125 tein synthesis were markedly up-regulated in choroids of chick eyes during the recovery from induced

126 rotein detected in the conditioned medium of choroid or sclera had an apparent Mr of 27,000 Da.

127 ogeneity between telencephalic and hindbrain choroid plexi contributes to region-specific, age-depend

128 st predictor of higher log(sCD27) levels and choroid plexitis was the best predictor of higher log(NF

129 icular abnormalities, namely ependymitis and choroid plexitis were seen in HIV- but not in HIV+ subje

130 The choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium is a source of secreted

131 Barrier properties of the choroid plexus (ChP) help protect the brain from the ext

132 Here we show that WNT5A is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP) of the developing hindbrain, but no

133 The choroid plexus (ChP) regulates brain development by secr

134 The CSF is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP), a protective epithelial barrier th

135 , resulting in leukocyte infiltration of the choroid plexus (ChP).

136 We examined leukocyte trafficking via the choroid plexus (CP) following neonatal stroke in relatio

137 ffic into the brain via multiple routes, the choroid plexus (CP) has been identified as a uniquely ed

138 cells to the CNS involves activation of the choroid plexus (CP) of the brain for leukocyte trafficki

139 SVZ stem cell niche is the lateral ventricle choroid plexus (LVCP), a primary producer of CSF.

140 Choroid plexus abnormalities have been implicated in bot

141 hese findings suggest the involvement of the choroid plexus across the psychosis spectrum with a pote

142 tor of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both at the choroid plexus and at the astrocytic end feet and defect

143 s that inhabit the parenchyma, meninges, and choroid plexus and discuss their roles in CNS homeostasi

144 8 T cells resulted in lytic infection of the choroid plexus and ependymal lining, marked meningitis,

145 structural changes in the epithelium of the choroid plexus and in the ependyma, such as asymmetrical

146 in the cell nuclei of the epithelium of the choroid plexus and in the ependymal cells surrounding th

147 lia and perivascular macrophages, as well as choroid plexus and meningeal macrophages, dendritic cell

148 several regions of the brain, including the choroid plexus and meninges.

149 lammation-induced CCC phosphorylation in the choroid plexus and reduces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hyp

150 annexin A5 would exert a protective role in choroid plexus and this protection is lost as Abeta accu

151 rs that are secreted by distant neurons, the choroid plexus and vasculature.

152 n this research was the visualization of the choroid plexus and ventricular system, which seems to be

153 rain inflammation, our findings pinpoint the choroid plexus as an important target for future researc

154 Stromal choroid plexus BAMs are also considerably reduced.

155 e arrival of cephalic mesenchyme and stromal choroid plexus BAMs was only partially restricted.

156 Aquaporin 4 (AQ4) is not expressed in the choroid plexus but is expressed in the astrocytic end fe

157 Temporary disruption of the choroid plexus by microbubble-enhanced ultrasound is the

158 Since the choroid plexus can mediate interaction between periphera

159 Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare brain tumor tha

160 This study describes new mouse models of choroid plexus carcinoma and uses them to investigate th

161 Here we report the generation of a choroid plexus carcinoma cell line; Children's Cancer Ho

162 Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are poorly understood a

163 all survival in a cohort of 29 patients with choroid plexus carcinomas, a characteristic LFS tumor (P

164 tion rate in children presenting with ACC or choroid plexus carcinomas, and in females with breast ca

165 Endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV-CPC) is an alternative

166 Choroid plexus cell cultures from rats were used to anal

167 Annexin A5 addition to choroid plexus cell cultures restored the Abeta-induced

168 expression of viral receptor ACE2 in mature choroid plexus cells expressing abundant lipoproteins, b

169 l types (eg, neurons, endothelial cells, and choroid plexus cells), most notably microglia and/or mac

170 ing in the dura mater, subdural meninges and choroid plexus consisted of distinct subsets with tissue

171 s, as well as choroid plexus familiality and choroid plexus covariance with clinical, cognitive, brai

172 s the multiple drivers of disease, including choroid plexus CSF hypersecretion, ependymal denudation,

173 ipoprotein- and ACE2-expressing cells of the choroid plexus epithelial barrier.

174 hat TMEM67 is required for the regulation of choroid plexus epithelial cell fluid and electrolyte hom

175 Transcriptome analysis of FACS-purified choroid plexus epithelial cells also predicts their cell

176 ntial vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), in primary murine choroid plexus epithelial cells and immortalized cell li

177 This BCSFB is formed by the choroid plexus epithelial cells and is important in main

178 ate that skeletal muscle myoblasts and brain choroid plexus epithelial cells are particularly suscept

179 live virus to demonstrate viral tropism for choroid plexus epithelial cells but little to no infecti

180 CNS) microvascular endothelial cells and the choroid plexus epithelial cells form the endothelial blo

181 Protein localization in choroid plexus epithelial cells indicates that aquaporin

182 The choroid plexus epithelial cells may have selectively enh

183 s and astrocytes were sparsely infected, but choroid plexus epithelial cells underwent robust infecti

184 Native 5-HT2C receptors in choroid plexus epithelial cells were evaluated using flu

185 The choroid plexus epithelium (CPE) secretes higher volumes

186 ning for rh Bri2 BRICHOS was observed in the choroid plexus epithelium as well as in the cerebral cor

187 to increase the permeability of immortalized choroid plexus epithelium monolayers in vitro.

188 However, the choroid plexus epithelium remains an obstacle to deliver

189 derived C3 activates the C3a receptor in the choroid plexus epithelium to disrupt the blood-CSF barri

190 w that infection with SARS-CoV-2 damages the choroid plexus epithelium, leading to leakage across thi

191 sing the cerebrospinal fluid produced by the choroid plexus epithelium.

192 subset residing on the apical surface of the choroid plexus epithelium.

193 AD choroid plexus exhibited progressive reduction of annexi

194 and axis II cluster A relatives, as well as choroid plexus familiality and choroid plexus covariance

195 carried out a mass proteomic-based study in choroid plexus from AD patients and we found several dif

196 arise, in part, from regional differences in choroid plexus gene expression, we defined the transcrip

197 macrophages accumulated in the meninges and choroid plexus in early inflammation and in the perivasc

198 Our findings suggest involvement of the choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of CRPS.

199 The choroid plexus is an important physiological barrier and

200 Perivascular, subdural meningeal and choroid plexus macrophages are non-parenchymal macrophag

201 e populations, with the notable exception of choroid plexus macrophages, which had dual origins and a

202 order-associated meningeal, perivascular and choroid plexus macrophages.

203 The choroid plexus may be an important target in future rese

204 nate lymphoid cells (ILC2) accumulate in the choroid plexus of aged brains.

205 ed in the cerebral cortex, pineal gland, and choroid plexus of both rats and humans via in situ hybri

206 Strikingly, we identified the choroid plexus of the mouse lateral ventricle as the maj

207 expression of simian virus 40 (SV40) TAg in choroid plexus or intestinal villi requires at least one

208 We optimized a protocol to generate choroid plexus organoids from hiPSCs and showed that pro

209 In choroid plexus primary cultures, Abeta administration re

210 temporal lobe regions (amygdala, hippocampus/choroid plexus region of interest) compared to younger c

211 bral folate delivery primarily occurs at the choroid plexus through FRalpha and PCFT; inactivation of

212 We used choroid plexus tissue samples and CSF from mild cognitiv

213 A previous choroid plexus transcriptomic analysis of schizophrenia

214 uable tools for understanding the biology of choroid plexus tumors and for testing novel approaches t

215 , we serendipitously found a 21% increase in choroid plexus volume in 12 patients suffering from comp

216 The purpose of this study was to examine choroid plexus volume in probands across the psychosis s

217 Choroid plexus volume was quantified (using FreeSurfer)

218 red with healthy control subjects; and total choroid plexus volume was significantly heritable.

219 Choroid plexus volume was significantly larger in proban

220 ll as around it (in the meningeal spaces and choroid plexus) has been shown to be important for brain

221 SF sources (including neural progenitors and choroid plexus).

222 facial nucleus, 0.39 ug . g(-1) +/- 0.10 in choroid plexus, 0.29 ug . g(-1) +/- 0.05 in caudate-puta

223 ta (Abeta) deposits may cause impairments in choroid plexus, a specialised brain structure which form

224 , and the eye, and is secreted by the liver, choroid plexus, and retinal epithelium, respectively.

225 human brain, with relatively high levels in choroid plexus, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

226 CLIO-NPs were also found in the choroid plexus, indicating inflammation of the ventricul

227 expression of the prolactin receptor in the choroid plexus, it has been hypothesized that the recept

228 as binding of (11)C-dihydroergotamine in the choroid plexus, pituitary gland, and venous sinuses as e

229 loss of Folr1-mediated folate uptake at the choroid plexus, providing a therapeutic approach for neu

230 and photoreceptors, and the ciliary body and choroid plexus, the sources of aqueous humor and cerebro

231 ion factor promoting PNN development, in the choroid plexus, where it is produced, as well as in parv

232 m Cell, Silva-Vargas et al. (2016) show that choroid plexus, within the lateral ventricles of the adu

233 n, Cre activity was mainly restricted to the choroid plexus, without significant recombination detect

234 bstantia nigra, but not the basal ganglia or choroid plexus.

235 pressed in kidney, in astrocytes, and in the choroid plexus.

236 ed with age); thalamus and white matter; and choroid plexus.

237 e effects of annexin A5 on Abeta toxicity in choroid plexus.

238 oparticles (NPs) using SVCT2 transporters of choroid plexus.

239 inding sites overlapped in kidney and in the choroid plexus.

240 ephalic) versus fourth ventricle (hindbrain) choroid plexus.

241 lt2st3 was found in the olfactory organs and choroid plexus.

242 white matter, hemispheric white matter, and choroid plexus.

243 original spouting vessels (stalks) from the choroid, polypoidal structures, and BVNs on OCTA.

244 Ocular injury to the retina or choroid, poorer visual acuity, and pupillary defect were

245 Those with diffuse invasion of the choroid, postlaminar optic nerve, and/or anterior chambe

246 lifespan of an organism, we believe that RPE-choroid preparation may represent a new and unique tool

247 eveloped a retinal pigment ephithelium (RPE)-choroid preparation to monitor the circadian clock using

248 In the first experiment, total RPE/choroid preparations were evaluated and expression profi

249 d treatment of retinal vascular diseases and choroid-related inflammatory blinding disorders.

250 mages in many cases, though eyes with a thin choroid resulting in isoreflective GA lesions may be cha

251 on-invasively assess vascular lesions of the choroid/retina in patients with SC with a high degree of

252 ugh the sclera, without penetrating into the choroid/retina, in order to target injection into the su

253 On B-scans, the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor

254 ) group: hypertransmission of light into the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium loss, and loss of ou

255 tive and quantitative characteristics of the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and retina were com

256 he development of ischemic infarction of the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, outer part of the r

257 tina, macula, and retinal pigment epithelium/choroid) reveals features of regulatory element evolutio

258 htness and reflectivity of the pixels in the choroid, RPE band, and overlying vitreous to be quantifi

259 Mean choroid, RPE, PR, and ONL thicknesses were compared acro

260 tissues were manually segmented (prelamina, choroid, sclera, and lamina cribrosa [LC]).

261 ium (RPE), which lies between the retina and choroid/sclera, appears to play a crucial role in this p

262 in plasma and in retinal pigment epithelium/choroid/sclera, establishing that human CFH regulates ac

263 ar mesenchyme (POM) canonically activated by choroid-secreted Indian Hh, reduces proliferation of POM

264 The automated choroid segmentations were validated against manual segm

265 -culture, in vitro/in vivo and ex vivo human choroid sprouting angiogenesis assays, while lncEGFL7OS

266 roducible when measured to the border of the choroid stroma (SCT) than the vascular lumen (VCT) or sc

267 n (vascular choroidal thickness, VCT), outer choroid stroma (stromal choroidal thickness, SCT), or in

268 al vessel lumen, (2) the outer border of the choroid stroma, and (3) the inner border of the sclera,

269 h PSF showed significantly thicker subfoveal choroid than eyes without PSF (305+/-61 mum vs. 200+/-70

270 Males tended to have a thicker choroid than females; however, the difference was not si

271 Eyes with advanced AMD had thinner choroids than eyes without AMD (posterior mean, -73.8; 9

272 ) can cause severe changes in the retina and choroid that may result in marked visual impairment in i

273 f subfoveal sub-retinal fluid (SRF), central choroid thickness (CCT), mean number of PDT treatments n

274 (RPE) layer atrophy or absence, followed by choroid thickness in absence of subretinal drusenoid dep

275 cause significant changes in the retina and choroid thickness over 1 year period.

276 lly, restoration of Igf1r expression rescued choroid thickness.

277 tudies suggest that vascular response of the choroid to sildenafil decreases with age, but is not aff

278 ertransmission of the SD-OCT signal into the choroid together with decreased near-infrared autofluore

279 rategy was used to automatically segment the choroid using SS-OCT structural images.

280 volume (CVV), choroidal stroma volume (CSV), choroid vascularity index (CVI), and the choroidal strom

281 nd allow local drug delivery to the diseased choroid via light-triggered targeting.

282 A thicker baseline subfoveal choroid was associated with increased five-year axial el

283 The choroid was imaged using enhanced-depth imaging spectral

284 Thinner peripapillary choroid was independently associated with thinner RNFL g

285 (n = 7) or those for which the status of the choroid was not assessable (n = 35) were excluded.

286 d 20% (n = 4) of eyes affected by STGD; dark choroid was present in 0% of GA eyes and 65% of STGD eye

287 Choroid was significantly thicker under the fovea (242.2

288 terms of distribution profile, peripapillary choroid was thickest (150.04 +/- 59.72 mum) at the super

289 The choroid was thickest at the superior-inner, inferior-inn

290 The choroid was thinner, 155 +/- 72 mum, with preplus or plu

291 lecting distress of the neuroretina, RPE, or choroid were assessed and included ellipsoid zone discon

292 , changes in lumen/stroma ratio in the outer choroid were not found to differ between controls and AM

293 hyporeflective tubular structures within the choroid were observed in the vortex vein.

294 of vascular lumen/stroma ratio in the outer choroid were performed.

295 The choroid, which provides vascular supply to the outer ret

296 te neovascularization in both the retina and choroid, which suggests that inhibition of this pathway

297 esolution vascular imaging of the retina and choroid with amplified penetration depth.

298 Evaluation of the choroid with EDI-OCT does not appear to be a reliable to

299 o reach the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid with minimal subsequent systemic exposure.

300 uter retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid, with outer retinal tubulations frequently obser