ライフサイエンスコーパス: ciliates

1 , diatoms, haptophytes, dinoflagellates, and ciliates).

2 mpact, such as the micro- and macronuclei in ciliates).

3 s are surprisingly common in some species of ciliates.

4 e allosteric regulation first appears in the Ciliates.

5 lveolates, that also includes the SC-lacking ciliates.

6 le variation in chromosomal processing among ciliates.

7 istantly related organisms such as yeast and ciliates.

8 nscrambling, in the genome of stichotrichous ciliates.

9 etic code has changed in several lineages of ciliates.

10 ell type, which is capable of ingesting prey ciliates.

11 eins that coat the surface of hymenostomatid ciliates.

12 ngth during the evolution of four oxytrichid ciliates.

13 size to the full-length telomerase RNAs from ciliates.

14 d, comprising 21 tintinnids and 11 aloricate ciliates.

15 estigating the DNA elimination mechanisms of ciliates.

16 ntributes to membrane curvature induction in ciliates.

17 compact, gene-rich somatic genomes of other ciliates.

18 nery closely related to the one described in ciliates.

19 has so far only been shown in one species of ciliates.

20 es and molecular components with free-living ciliates.

21 -dependent system found in other contractile ciliates.

22 odes arose after Stentor branched from other ciliates.

23 ound intracellularly in Onychodromopsis-like ciliates.

24 ally regulated genome rearrangements in some ciliates.

25 ep in the evolution of secretory granules in ciliates.

26 chanism is in fact used extensively in these ciliates.

27 y and diverse single-celled organisms called ciliates.

28 ms as diverse as fungi, animals, plants, and ciliates.

29 lutionally conserved between vertebrates and ciliates.

30 as colonies are consumed by copepods but not ciliates.

31 s important link using mechanistic models of ciliates, a clade of single-celled eukaryotes that eithe

32 ymena thermophila is the best studied of the ciliates, a diversified and successful lineage of eukary

33 Morphospecies are particularly common among ciliates, a group of unicellular eukaryotes that separat

34 t in animals, plants, trypanosomes, Giardia, ciliates, alga, and slime molds [3-8].

35 ngle-domain heme proteins found in bacteria, ciliates, algae and plants.

36 Like most anaerobic ciliates, all studied species of the APM clade host symb

37 Because ciliates also are distant relatives of vertebrates, fung

38 in the plants' digestive chambers, including ciliates, amoebae, and soil mites.

39 DNA elimination occurs in unicellular ciliates and a variety of metazoans, including invertebr

40 es and viromes of more than 100 uncultivated ciliates and amoebae from diverse environments.

41 and viruses, with stark differences between ciliates and amoebae.

42 ndent origins of the germ-soma separation in ciliates and animals.

43 to the Alveolata, a group that also includes ciliates and dinoflagellates.

44 oacidin in several lower organisms including ciliates and flagellates suggest the protein plays a rol

45 odynamic efficiencies comparable to those of ciliates and flagellates.

46 omatic nuclei in two groups of protozoa: the Ciliates and Foraminifera.

47 ic biomass but a relatively low diversity of ciliates and fungi, which significantly impacts feed dig

48 were exposed to chemical cues from copepods, ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, respectively

49 In yeast, ciliates and mammals, the G-rich strand of the telomere

50 oflagellates and apicomplexan parasites from ciliates and may have accompanied the acquisition of pla

51 y digitize and track the dynamics of complex ciliates and mine these data for the hidden structure, p

52 ired for programmed DNA elimination (PDE) in ciliates and nematodes.

53 shown to be enriched in meiotic chromatin of ciliates and nematodes.

54 onment (bioconcentration) was limited in the ciliates and no quantum dot enrichment (biomagnification

55 ging plastid-lacking chromalveolates such as ciliates and oomycetes would be explained by plastid los

56 diverging Viridiplantae taxa, as well as in ciliates and other Diaphoretickes lineages.

57 l differences between ATP synthase dimers of ciliates and other eukaryotes, the formation of ATP synt

58 biological studies previously impossible in ciliates and other motile species.

59 In ciliates and plants, TERs are transcribed by RNA polymer

60 or the existence of IESs in phyllopharyngean ciliates and suggest that IES processing in C. uncinata

61 for studying interactions between parasitic ciliates and their vertebrate hosts.

62 ate the changes in organelle function in the Ciliates and then later used to link amino acid cataboli

63 ans who were interested in the locomotion of ciliates and who considered the undulations of the envel

64 Protists (mostly Rhizaria, Syndinales, and ciliates) and metazoa (predominantly pelagic mollusks an

65 Protists, including amoebae, flagellates, ciliates, and algae, are also vital constituents of glob

66 ties had an increased abundance of fungi and ciliates, and decreased abundances of diatoms and cercoz

67 insects, nematodes, fungi, plants, amoebas, ciliates, and excavates spontaneously and rapidly phase-

68 he telomerase holoenzyme described in yeast, ciliates, and humans.

69 ods, dominated by epizootic protists such as ciliates, and metazoan parasites.

70 tant for telomerase activity in vertebrates, ciliates, and yeast.

71 tophytes, and stramenopiles) and alveolates (ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates) share a co

72 Ciliates are a group of microbial eukaryotes defined by

73 Ciliates are among the very few eukaryotes in which the

74 Ciliates are an ancient and diverse group of microbial e

75 ear DNA molecules of a group of hypotrichous ciliates are anomalous in composition, consisting of 61%

76 mber and position in the beta-TP genes among ciliates are in sharp contrast to the stability of the i

77 onuclear versions of genes in stichotrichous ciliates are interrupted by multiple, short, non-coding

78 rmline (micronuclear) genome of hypotrichous ciliates are interrupted by multiple, short, non-coding,

79 rm-line (micronuclear) genes in hypotrichous ciliates are interrupted by numerous, short, noncoding,

80 Ciliates are microbial eukaryotes that separate their nu

81 Ciliates are microbial eukaryotes that undergo extensive

82 These planktonic ciliates are not able to attach to the ice.

83 Ciliates are powerful unicellular model organisms that h

84 nts with those in animals, in plants, and in ciliates are remarkable because these distinct histone H

85 Ciliates are single-cell eukaryotes, widely dispersed in

86 ed protist, Euplotes; bacterial symbionts of ciliates are still poorly known because of a lack of ext

87 Ciliates are well known for their unusual tricks of nucl

88 ddress the purported asexuality in colpodean ciliates as an exemplary lineage.

89 A prominent group of granule proteins, in ciliates as well as in vertebrate neuronal and endocrine

90 t in high levels of copy number variation in ciliates, as dividing daughter cells can have variable c

91 influenced by salinity variations; tintinnid ciliates attained high abundance and richness at high sa

92 We sequenced eRF1 from four ciliates: B. americanum, a heterotrich that independentl

93 t the EC(50)) as compared to fish, daphnids, ciliates, bacteria, zebrafish embryo, and cell lines.

94 In ciliates, both mechanisms are readily observed.

95 Single cells are consumed by ciliates but not copepods, whereas colonies are consumed

96 elopment of left-right asymmetry not only in ciliates, but perhaps also in development of left-right

97 t underlie membrane trafficking processes in ciliates, calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding protei

98 These results indicate that the ciliates can be useful bioindicators in stressed environ

99 Plankton such as ciliates can reduce the abundance of virions in water, b

100 sertion that the unusual genomic features of ciliates can result in rapid and unpredicted patterns of

101 We discuss the potential usefulness of the ciliates' characteristic nuclear duality for further ana

102 cronucleus from the germline micronucleus in ciliates, chromosome rearrangements occur in which speci

103 A characteristic feature of ciliates (ciliated protozoans) is their nuclear dimorphi

104 ses from a wide variety of algae, as well as ciliates (close relatives of apicomplexa), to determine

105 th runoff variables, while the bacterivorous ciliates Colpidium colpoda, Glaucoma scintillans, and Vo

106 Ciliates comprised the majority of protozoan species ric

107 Chilodonella uncinata, like all ciliates, contains two distinct nuclei in every cell: a

108 from other budding yeasts, vertebrates, and ciliates, define a minimal universal core for telomerase

109 In some ciliates, DNA from precursor segments in the MIC genome

110 wo other hallmarks of nuclear development in ciliates-domesticated DDE-family transposases and editin

111 heless, some unicellular lineages, including ciliates, early-branching fungi and the alga Chlamydomon

112 he likely scenarios for algal-gene origin in ciliates either via multiple rounds of horizontal gene t

113 In contrast, chemical cues from grazing ciliates enhance colony formation by >25%, a response th

114 m the peroxisomes to the mitochondria as the Ciliates evolved away from plants, fungi, and other prot

115 In plants, fission yeast, ciliates, flies and mammalian cells, short interfering R

116 Ciliates, followed by dinoflagellates, Syndiniales, rhiz

117 ebae, calonymphids, chlorophyte green algae, ciliates, foraminifera).

118 imentally investigate how Stylonychia lemnae ciliates form feeding clusters of independent cells arou

119 Chlororviruses (i) can lure ciliates from a distance, using them as a vector; (ii) d

120 y of soil organisms, including other amebas, ciliates, fungi, and nematodes, as contaminants.

121 , a response that should be adaptive because ciliates grow three times faster when fed solitary cells

122 Ciliates have instead evolved distinct nuclei that coexi

123 Ciliates have long provided model systems to study pheno

124 Such base triples in ciliates have not been previously reported.

125 Studies from budding yeast and ciliates have suggested that telomerase extension of tel

126 Ciliates have two types of nuclei: a germ line micronucl

127 ellular forms of spirochetes, cyanobacteria, ciliates, heliozoans, amoeba, and many others.

128 s develop patterns, they are most obvious in ciliates; hence, we have turned to a classical unicellul

129 microbial ecosystems consisting of algae and ciliates, imaged in toto at single-cell resolution with

130 oskeletal organization in free-living cells, ciliates in particular, in which these processes are mos

131 ly important clades of microbial eukaryotes, ciliates in the subclasses Oligotrichia and Choreotrichi

132 The unusual genome architecture of ciliates, in particular, with its process of amitosis in

133 Three well-studied ciliates include Oxytricha trifallax, Tetrahymena thermo

134 In some ciliates including Oxytricha, the macronuclear genome is

135 giant ciliate Stentor coeruleus.(16)(,)(17) Ciliates, including Stentor, have highly polarized cell

136 In binuclear ciliates, including Tetrahymena thermophila, DNA elimina

137 reveals numerous genetic code alterations in ciliates, including UGA --> tryptophan in Blepharisma am

138 typic variables, such as partitioning of the ciliates into distinct size classes and clumping of the

139 Macronuclear development in ciliates is characterized by extensive rearrangement of

140 at the template recognition element found in ciliates is conserved in human telomerase RNA.

141 When the antenna from the Ciliates is spliced onto human GDH, it was found to full

142 discovered 6 mA methyltransferase complex in ciliates, is composed of MTA1, MTA9, p1 and p2 subunits

143 he insertions--which we find in apicomplexa, ciliates, land plants, and charophyte green algae--direc

144 Thus, among the ciliates, Loxodes genomes most resemble those of convent

145 many eukaryotes but are most exaggerated in ciliates, making them ideal model systems for epigenetic

146 early evolutionary events that gave rise to ciliates, malaria parasites, and coral symbionts.

147 that the use of noncanonical stop codons in ciliates may have coevolved with codon usage biases to a

148 genes in the mature MAC genome, making these ciliates model organisms to study the process of somatic

149 vel lineages of free-living marine anaerobic ciliates, Muranotrichea, cl. nov. and Parablepharismea,

150 e compare the diverse mechanisms employed by ciliates, nematodes, copepods, and lamprey to downsize t

151 Gene family evolution in ciliates occurs through complex processes including gene

152 Ciliates of Euplotes species constitutively secrete plei

153 programmed +1 translational frameshifting in ciliates of the Euplotes genus.

154 among protists within aquatic ecosystems.(1) Ciliates of the Mesodinium rubrum species complex are un

155 Certain ciliates of the subclass Scuticociliatia (scuticociliate

156 e feeding behavior of Tetrahymena pyriformis ciliates on 13 viruses, including bacteriophages, enteri

157 We demonstrate that ciliates optimize their feeding efficiency by designatin

158 protect the macronuclear telomeres from the ciliates Oxytricha and Euplotes.

159 Within a single class of ciliates, Paramecium and Tetrahymena species have long b

160 he IESs in C. uncinata with those of 'model' ciliates-Paramecium, Tetrahymena, Euplotes, Oxytricha an

161 Sessile ciliates, particularly Epistylis and Vorticella, dominat

162 However, the high motility of ciliates presents a major challenge in studies using liv

163 overage varies by life strategy: for sessile ciliates, prey encounter is most efficient when cilia ar

164 almost all colpodean and oligohymenophorean ciliates, probably facilitating the extended survival of

165 with larval cultures that did not encounter ciliates, proteins implicated in the response to ciliate

166 nes scrambled in as many as 51 pieces, these ciliates rely on sequence and structural cues to rebuild

167 isting of stramenopiles, dinoflagellates and ciliates represented in both the transcript and protein

168 process of gene unscrambling in hypotrichous ciliates represents one of nature's ingenious solutions

169 l metabolism of representatives from the APM ciliates reveals functional adaptations of metabolic pat

170 ly involve heterotrophic protists, including ciliates, Rhizaria (amoebae, foraminifera, radiolaria) a

171 germ line and soma into distinct cell types, ciliates separate germ line and soma into two distinct n

172 Despite the fact that all ciliates share similar forms of DNA rearrangement, there

173 This DNA elimination pathway in ciliates shares extensive similarity with piRNA-mediated

174 In ciliates, small RNAs have been shown to target foreign s

175 Unlike in other ciliates studied to date, we did not find canonical germ

176 data are consistent with the hypothesis that ciliates such as T.thermophila utilize a Rad51-dependent

177 In ciliates such as Tetrahymena thermophila, the resulting

178 explain DNA rearrangements in some groups of ciliates, such as Stylonychia or Oxytricha, where extens

179 ly in Archaeplastida but also in diatoms and ciliates, suggesting that PRC2 deposited H3K27me3 to sil

180 o a family of kinases shared with plants and ciliates, suggesting that related CDPKs may have a funct

181 y definition elements in mammals, yeast, and ciliates suggests diverse mechanisms for template bounda

182 eport a DNA 6mA methyltransferase complex in ciliates, termed MTA1c.

183 We have found that free-living ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium lost the eukaryotic

184 16 proteins of possible algal origin in the ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium tetraurelia.

185 ranged in bands around oral structures while ciliates that swim display diverse ciliary arrangements

186 In the stichotrichous group of ciliates the organization of DNA in the MIC is dramatica

187 In ciliates, the cortical pattern is propagated during "tan

188 have provided insight into the phylogeny of ciliates, the few studies assessing intraspecific variat

189 n the germline micronucleus of spirotrichous ciliates, the gene segments, or macronuclear destined se

190 ins mediate self/nonself recognition in both ciliates, the mechanisms of mating type determination di

191 emove internal segments of DNA, and, in some ciliates, the reordering of scrambled gene segments.

192 ic G-rich overhangs are precisely defined in ciliates; the length and the terminal nucleotides are fi

193 etic elements with the exocytic machinery of ciliates, their free-living relatives.

194 rocess, which we call MDS shuffling, enables ciliates to generate novel genetic material and gene pro

195 of heterochromatin in organisms ranging from ciliates to humans and provide further evidence that HP1

196 n diverse organisms ranging from unicellular ciliates to multicellular nematodes.

197 tionary consequences of viable mechanisms in ciliates to transmit acquired characters may create an a

198 protein enzyme in organisms ranging from the ciliates to yeast to humans.

199 rast to all other non-plant eukaryotes (from ciliates to yeast to sea urchins to mammals) where sperm

200 odons at internal mRNA positions in Euplotes ciliates ultimately specify ribosomal frameshifting by o

201 Some species of ciliates undergo massive DNA elimination and genome rear

202 t the above hypothesis, we take advantage of ciliates-unicellular eukaryotes that contain in the same

203 In a process similar to exon splicing, ciliates use DNA splicing to produce a new somatic macro

204 We propose that ciliates used a large number of NRK paralogues to differ

205 In ciliates, variable surface protein genes encoding the im

206 s (IESs) and gene scrambling in hypotrichous ciliates we determined the structure of the micronuclear

207 standing of the evolution of anaerobiosis in ciliates, we predicted the mitochondrial metabolism of c

208 st the idea of a photosynthetic ancestry for ciliates, we used the 27,446 predicted proteins from the

209 Pathogenic ciliates were associated only with WS and not YBD lesion

210 Aloricate ciliates were poorly represented at most sites but were

211 re analyzed on days 4-10 post-fertilization; ciliates were present on days 8 and 10 post-fertilizatio

212 ion at microtubule-rich structures unique to ciliates, whereas the fourth is not expressed under cond

213 tem, the replication band (RB) in spirotrich ciliates, which is a localized, motile hub that traverse

214 otrichs, and might exist in other classes of ciliates with heavily fragmented MAC chromosomes.

215 Comparison to other ciliates with nonscrambled genomes and long macronuclear

216 e usage frequency of CAG(Q) is much lower in ciliates with reassigned TAA(Q) and TAG(Q) codons than i

217 -motif proteins are expanded massively in 10 ciliates with reassigned TAA(Q) and TAG(Q) codons.

218 Distantly related ciliates with similar codes show characteristic changes

219 small RNA biogenesis mechanisms, even among ciliates with similar DNA elimination processes, and thu

220 Peritrichs are a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution.

221 s (with a small number of flagella) and from ciliates (with tens or more).

222 study raises the possibility that taxa like ciliates, with only female meiosis, may therefore underg

223 don reassignment is surprisingly frequent in ciliates, with UGA --> tryptophan occurring twice indepe

224 orm a major clade of obligate anaerobes (APM ciliates) within the Spirotrichea, Armophorea, and Litos

225 size and sequence between telomerase RNAs of ciliates, yeasts, and mammals.