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1 )-reticuline], and end products (30-fold for codeine).
2 obal reduction leads to the formation of (-)-codeine.
3 e, benzodiazepines, methadone, morphine, and codeine.
4 nificant only for hydrocodone, tramadol, and codeine.
5 tics and efficacy of tramadol, morphine, and codeine.
6 ted following human metabolism of heroin and codeine.
7 , oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and codeine.
8 lkaloids, including the opioids morphine and codeine.
9 clude remifentanil, methadone, tramadol, and codeine.
10 altered by the administration of naloxone or codeine.
11 orphine from tyramine, norlaudanosoline, and codeine.
12            This is the shortest synthesis of codeine (13 steps, 20% overall yield) and, for the first
13 dy period (326 921 for tramadol, 762 492 for codeine, 3651 for both drugs concomitantly), a total of
14 nancy included 16 202 pregnancies exposed to codeine, 4540 to oxycodone, 1244 to tramadol, 260 to met
15 0-mg codeine equivalents per day (30 mg oral codeine = 5 mg oral morphine) to the mean peak dosage of
16  2 tablets) or combination acetaminophen and codeine 500 mg and 8 mg or 1000 mg and 16 mg (ie, 1 or 2
17 nalogues of morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and codeine-6-glucuronide (C6G) were synthesized and evaluat
18                 Morphine-6-sulfate (M6S) and codeine-6-sulfate (C6S) are mu-selective opiates which h
19                              Oxycodone 5 mg, codeine 60 mg, and tramadol 37.5 mg plus acetaminophen 3
20 n of naloxone (16 mg intravenous; n = 9) and codeine (60 mg oral; n = 7).
21 antinociceptive profile of i.p.-administered codeine (7 mg/kg) at 3 and 48 h (144+/-11% and 155+/-9%
22                            Compound 48/80 or codeine alone was able to achieve maximum MRGPRX2 activa
23 ted for xenobiotics such as methamphetamine, codeine, alprazolam, and morphine, revealing that NIMS c
24                   Acetaminophen, diclofenac, codeine, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin-H2O, and
25  observed between 0.05 and 40 mug mL(-1) for codeine and 0.05 and 42 mug mL(-1) for morphine.
26 one and 300 mg of acetaminophen; or 30 mg of codeine and 300 mg of acetaminophen.
27 -CD(3)]-morphine and the congeners [N-CD(3)]-codeine and [N-CD(3)]-oripavine in urine.
28  DNA concentrations, a sharp anodic wave for codeine and a clear discrimination of codeine and morphi
29 roup; and by 3.9 (95% CI, 3.2 to 4.5) in the codeine and acetaminophen group (P = .053).
30 ere induced by intradermal injection of PAF, codeine and histamine in 14 healthy volunteers.
31 associated with changes in prescriptions for codeine and hydrocodone cough and cold medications to ch
32 on modes were respectively electrostatic for codeine and intercalation for morphine with two anodic p
33 involve CYP 2D6, which acts on drugs such as codeine and is responsible for its conversion to morphin
34                                              Codeine and morphine are among the few natural products
35                                              Codeine and morphine are two closely related BIAs with p
36                 Electrochemical oxidation of codeine and morphine bonded on dsDNA/MWCNTs-PDDA/PGE was
37  validate its capability for the analysis of codeine and morphine in blood serum, urine samples and p
38 bes and DNA was tested in order to determine codeine and morphine in solution.
39 ve for codeine and a clear discrimination of codeine and morphine oxidation peaks were observed.
40  the solution, the electrochemical signal of codeine and morphine was decreased and shifted to more n
41       In this study, the interaction between codeine and morphine with dsDNA was assessed at pH 7.0.
42 and penultimate steps in the biosynthesis of codeine and morphine, respectively, in opium poppy (Papa
43 0.041 and 0.043 mug mL(-1) were obtained for codeine and morphine, respectively.
44 , including most notably the opiates such as codeine and morphine.
45 ificant findings, indicating the presence of codeine and nordiazepam at higher peak intensities, ther
46    The most commonly prescribed opioids were codeine and oxycodone.
47 al transit (tramadol HCl, acetaminophen with codeine and placebo) in a randomized, double-blind, cros
48                                The levels of codeine and thebaine ranged from below LOQ to 348mg/kg a
49                                     Although codeine and tramadol are frequently used in the postoper
50         All opioid-treated patients received codeine and/or oxycodone.
51 searches with terms such as "no prescription codeine" and "Vicodin," over 50% of the links obtained w
52 anitidine), analgesic (paracetamol), opiate (codeine), and aromatase inhibitor anticancer (anastrozol
53 esence of morphine, an increased presence of codeine, and 11-Nor-9-Carboxy-THC (THC-COOH) post-hydrol
54 ll be discussed using tamoxifen, paclitaxel, codeine, and fluorouracil as starting points.
55  photolysis of the pharmaceuticals morphine, codeine, and methamphetamine and, for context, compared
56 caine, benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite), codeine, and morphine in a hair standard reference mater
57 ource of pharmaceuticals including thebaine, codeine, and morphine, but is also harvested for heroin
58 (CYP2D6) bioactivates hydrocodone, tramadol, codeine, and oxycodone to active metabolites that primar
59 ding mephedrone, methadone, cocaine, heroin, codeine, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and their major
60 s of mephedrone, methadone, cocaine, heroin, codeine, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
61 dest drugs, and its derivatives morphine and codeine are among the most used clinical drugs to reliev
62 ted that brain uptake and antinociception of codeine are increased during lambda-carrageenan-induced
63 t that the endogenous alkaloids morphine and codeine are involved in the modulation of convulsions an
64 compared with control, respectively) and [3H]codeine at 3 and 48 h (179+/-6% and 179+/-12% compared w
65                     Using weak opioids (e.g. codeine) at step 2 is debatable with low-dose strong opi
66 lation for morphine with two anodic peaks of codeine being merged into them when DNA concentration wa
67          MRGPRX2 was rapidly internalized on codeine binding in a B-arrestin-1-dependent manner.
68          MRGPRX2 was rapidly internalized on codeine binding in a beta-arrestin-1-dependent manner.
69                                              Codeine, but not PAF or histamine, caused a small but st
70 to codeine over morphine, which differs from codeine by a methyl group.
71 he new method, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and codeine can be quantified from four samples in less than
72                                              Codeine caused a significant but variable histamine rele
73 l other analgesics (co-codamol, paracetamol, codeine, co-dydramol, tramadol, oxycodone, and morphine)
74                                Collectively, codeine degranulates skin mast cells through MRGPRX2, at
75                            Prescriptions for codeine derived from EHR records were used as targeting
76            BOTTOM LINE Weak opioids (such as codeine, dextropropoxyphene, and tramadol) may be effect
77                    PAF, unlike histamine and codeine, did not cause a statistically significant rise
78 Of the 1 093 064 patients with a tramadol or codeine dispensation during the study period (326 921 fo
79                                Activation by codeine displayed profound subject variability and corre
80                                Activation by codeine displayed profound subject variability and corre
81              Dosage escalations of > 2 30-mg codeine equivalents occurred 19 times in 17 LTO patients
82  initial opioid dosage of 5.0 +/- 12.2 30-mg codeine equivalents per day (30 mg oral codeine = 5 mg o
83 ean +/-SD initial dosage was 2.1+/-1.7 30-mg codeine equivalents/day, the mean peak was 3.4+/-3.3 per
84                   Compared with hydrocodone, codeine had a lower adjusted RR of NOWS (0.57; 95% CI, 0
85 11 drugs (amphetamine, cannabidiol, cocaine, codeine, heroine, methamphetamine, morphine, phentermine
86 ve inhibition of morphine glucuronidation by codeine, IC50 (on-line) = 170 vs 580 microM (off-line).
87 unds including buprenorphine, methadone, and codeine in both WWTPs.
88 nds (morphine and/or its glucuronides and/or codeine) in the adult mouse spinal cord using a well-val
89 n brain uptake of a commonly used analgesic, codeine, in relation to the fundamental properties of th
90          It has yet to be determined whether codeine-induced refractoriness could be exploited to des
91                                 Morphine and codeine levels in peripheral tissues (heart, lung, splee
92 alamus (5-10 fold), In contrast to morphine, codeine levels were also increased in the hippocampus (2
93                                              Codeine levels were also markedly increased in hypothala
94 tion of convulsions and that morphine and/or codeine may act as an endogenous anticonvulsant.
95 IAs), including the pharmaceutical compounds codeine, morphine, noscapine and papaverine.
96                                    Morphine, codeine, morphine-6-glucuronide, and morphine-3-glucuron
97 vinylation, we found that the fourth ring of codeine/morphine could be formed.
98 New prescription dispensation of tramadol or codeine (no dispensation in the previous year).
99 riety of opioid medication terms, including "codeine," "no prescription Vicodin," and "OxyContin." Tw
100 enases, thebaine 6-O-demethylase (T6ODM) and codeine O-demethylase (CODM).
101 ged treatment of rheumatic disease pain with codeine or oxycodone was effective in reducing pain seve
102 proaches, we found the presence of morphine, codeine, or morphine glucuronides in gamma-aminobutyric
103    Both aptamers exhibit high specificity to codeine over morphine, which differs from codeine by a m
104         Prescribed opioids such as morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and fentanyl are mu-opioid receptor
105                                 Hydrocodone, codeine, oxycodone, and tramadol were the 4 most commonl
106 on of four representative opioids (morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone) and five stimulants (am
107                  Medications prescribed were codeine, oxycodone, propoxyphene, tramadol, morphine, me
108 n (RSD) using MAI for a mixture of morphine, codeine, oxymorphone, oxycodone, clozapine, and buspiron
109 ode material for the sensitive and selective codeine phosphate (COD) determination in the presence of
110 lyst toward the electroanalytical sensing of codeine phosphate (COD).
111  significant locus associated with low-count codeine prescriptions (1, 2 or 3 prescriptions), while u
112 score for opioid use disorder and numbers of codeine prescriptions.
113  associated with different count patterns of codeine prescriptions.
114                 Elaboration of 15 into (+/-)-codeine proceeds via the previously unknown alpha-epoxid
115 w report that MRGPRX2 is indeed the dominant codeine receptor of dermal mast cells.
116 In the biosynthetic pathway for morphine and codeine, salutaridine is reduced to salutaridinol by sal
117 tion under acidic conditions, arrives at the codeine skeleton 15.
118 enantioselective seven-step synthesis of (-)-codeine starting from simpler starting materials.
119                                              Codeine stimulates skin mast cells and is therefore used
120 significantly involved in drug metabolism of codeine, tamoxifen, and citalopram.
121 not comply with the limits set for morphine, codeine, thebaine and noscapine by Hungarian legislation
122 he content of six opium alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, papaverine and narceine) i
123                            The conversion of codeine to (8S)-8-bromomorphide, a potentially valuable
124                                Compared with codeine, tramadol dispensation was significantly associa
125                                              Codeine-triggered B-arrestin activation was also establi
126                                              Codeine-triggered beta-arrestin activation was also esta
127 (aHR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.34-5.84) compared with codeine; used benzodiazepines (aHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1
128 o convert exogenous Levodopa to 3 +/- 4 mg/L codeine via a 14-step bioconversion process involving ov
129                             Degranulation by codeine was attenuated by stem cell factor, whereas the
130                             Degranulation by codeine was attenuated by stem cell factor, whereas the
131                                              Codeine was the most commonly prescribed opioid, with us
132 tion dispensation of tramadol, compared with codeine, was significantly associated with a higher risk
133    RNA aptamers that bind the opium alkaloid codeine were generated using an iterative in vitro selec
134 ailable data and dispensation of tramadol or codeine were included and followed up to December 31, 20
135 crose (a membrane impermeant marker) and [3H]codeine were investigated using an in situ brain perfusi
136 the endogenous opiate alkaloids morphine and codeine were significantly elevated in specific rat brai
137 vert the pivotal tricyclic intermediate into codeine, which has been demethylated in high yield to mo
138  cases reported using medications containing codeine while pregnant or nursing than did mothers of co
139 d) and, for the first time, allows access to codeine without having to reduce codeinone.

 
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