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1 ons (median of 1 more day than those without coinfection).
2 despite a paucity of evidence for bacterial coinfection.
3 lungs, irrespective of disease status or HIV coinfection.
4 iteria relating to coronavirus and bacterial coinfection.
5 interferes with wild-type RV replication in coinfection.
6 d HIV epidemic, but a lower burden of HIV/TB coinfection.
7 , mouse models, and samples from people with coinfection.
8 impaired monocyte function in helminth-LTBI coinfection.
9 e 1-6 infection, including patients with HIV coinfection.
10 odulate chemokine production in helminth-LTB coinfection.
11 of clinical outcomes in persons with HIV/HCV coinfection.
12 absence of compelling evidence for bacterial coinfection.
13 ines RANTES/CCL5 and PF4/CXCL4 were lower in coinfection.
14 reads by mNGS confirmed the presence of EBOV coinfection.
15 , and possibly does not require helper virus coinfection.
16 cerbated outcomes of influenza and S. aureus coinfection.
17 ibute to milder clinical presentation during coinfection.
18 n a model of lethal influenza virus and MRSA coinfection.
19 evels compared to children without bacterial coinfection.
20 ategies in patients with M. tuberculosis/HIV coinfection.
21 th and attrition among HIV patients with HBV coinfection.
22 out known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection.
23 icantly contribute to animal mortality after coinfection.
24 pirate fluid from children without bacterial coinfection.
25 rst compared with children without bacterial coinfection.
26 D3+CD8+ T cells, which is exacerbated by HIV coinfection.
27 th and attrition among HIV patients with HBV coinfection.
28 MRSA bacterial coinfection, and no bacterial coinfection.
29 ying KS pathogenesis induced by HIV and KSHV coinfection.
30 2.5 months postinfection and at the time of coinfection.
31 rly 1 in 10 patients with candidemia had CDI coinfection.
32 .0276), particularly in TB patients with HIV coinfection.
33 es in mosquitoes are only mildly affected by coinfection.
34 of both organisms to the bloodstream during coinfection.
35 A minority (15%) also had urethral chlamydia coinfection.
36 tients without evidence of tuberculosis (TB) coinfection.
37 en Brucella and Legionella during macrophage coinfection.
38 sity was more limited following heterologous coinfection.
39 leaf miner infestation, bleeding canker, or coinfection.
40 rase (ALT) overtime were examined in HIV-HBV coinfection.
41 s and in the presence of simulated Chlamydia coinfection.
42 d with HCV sustained viral response (SVR) in coinfection.
43 d the intracellular dynamics of VFs during a coinfection.
44 etection of bacteria in a sample imitating a coinfection.
45 lation of 5 x 10(7) CFU M. muris 24 h before coinfection.
46 ssociation with respiratory bacterial/fungal coinfection.
47 more than one type of virus, thus emulating coinfection.
48 tion following simian immunodeficiency virus coinfection.
49 exists between tuberculosis risk and herpes coinfection.
50 b-infected) individuals with and without HIV coinfection.
51 omen reporting drug use and with hepatitis C coinfection.
52 tcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection.
53 profiles is critically important in HIV-HBV coinfection.
54 in vivo, in models of lung and subcutaneous coinfection.
55 irus (EBV) and Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfections.
56 ted to investigate probabilistic outcomes of coinfections.
57 1169 infants were tested for the presence of coinfections.
58 amoeba keratitis, as well as in Acanthamoeba coinfections.
59 mune response that may affect the outcome of coinfections.
60 h non-MRSA (N = 61) or no (N = 79) bacterial coinfections.
61 bout the occurrence and consequences of such coinfections.
62 indow for genome reassortment from same-cell coinfections.
63 infection can affect host susceptibility to coinfections.
64 diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of such coinfections.
66 : 57 with HCV monoinfection, 70 with HIV/HCV coinfection, 122 with HIV monoinfection, and 107 with ne
67 nfection (human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] coinfection = 150) and in a subset of 85 men with testos
74 apparent approximately 60% prevalence of HDV coinfection among these HBV-infected Mongolian subjects,
76 al model for systematic evaluation of TB/SIV coinfection and different treatment regimens and strateg
77 e mammalian immune system, especially during coinfection and during coevolution with manipulative par
80 xic CD4 T cells contribute to CVD in HIV/CMV coinfection and in atherosclerosis via CX3CR1-mediated t
81 t also enhances C. albicans pathogenicity in coinfection and induces extrusion of the swimbladder.
82 te interferon genes MX1, IFI27, and CD169 in coinfection and MX1, LGALS3BP, and TNFAIP6 in HCV monoin
84 ected) macaques to model M. tuberculosis/HIV coinfection and study the impact of ART on TB reactivati
85 increased bacterial load associated with hRV coinfection and thereby to prevent secondary NTHI-induce
86 ummary, the consistent and robust signal for coinfections and comorbidities highlights the strong int
88 erbating factors, such as bacterial or viral coinfections and immunosuppression (corticosteroids).
89 y-nine "core" genes were required across all coinfections and included genes necessary for aerobic re
90 understand the dynamics of respiratory viral coinfections and their impact on the severity of the ill
92 mmunological stage at ART start, hepatitis B coinfection, and residing in Thailand (all P <= .03).
93 V transmission, but not in presence of HIV-1 coinfection, and suggest that the mechanism of vertical
94 immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B virus coinfection, and those treated with both PEG/RBV and DAA
104 us reassortment, including the likelihood of coinfection at the host and cellular levels, mixing and
106 In this review, we focus specifically on coinfections between viruses and other viruses, bacteria
110 alence to calculate precontrol prevalence of coinfection by 5 km2 x 5 km2 pixel, distinguishing diffe
112 so observed a remarkable frequency of nodule coinfection by rhizobia, with mixed occupancy identified
116 d IL-10, was also significantly increased by coinfection compared with M. tuberculosis single infecti
117 populations, including patients with HIV/HCV coinfection, decompensated cirrhosis, liver and kidney t
118 3 [1.4%]; and FLAV, 20 [2.1%]) and 23 (2.4%) coinfections (DENV/CHIKV, 13 [1.4%]; CHIKV/FLAV, 9 [0.9%
120 essive effects of TH2 cytokines, whereas HBV coinfection did not alter schistosome pathogenicity.
121 reased from 49.3% to 60.6% in the absence of coinfections (difference, 11.3%; 95% confidence interval
124 varicella-zoster virus and Toxoplasma gondii coinfection documented by polymerase chain reaction anal
131 predicted prevalence of both infections and coinfection for 2015 and 2025, accounting for the impact
133 ng status, hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus coinfection, group of exposure, nadir CD4 count, CD4:CD8
136 he airway fluid from children with bacterial coinfections had higher levels of neutrophil elastase ac
138 Our findings highlight the importance of HIV coinfection, high preexisting rates of drug-resistant TB
139 d without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection; however, in the ION-4 study, black patients
140 diversity was observed among progeny of both coinfections; however, diversity was more limited follow
142 n by both HIV and HCV.SummaryHCV cure in HIV coinfection improves monocyte and plasma activation mark
145 actinomycetemcomitans change during pairwise coinfection in a murine abscess with each of 15 microbes
149 rent literature surrounding bacterial/fungal coinfection in patients with coronavirus infection.
151 ations for understanding the pathogenesis of coinfection in ZIKV and DENV endemic regions, and is the
155 oV-2 RT-PCR-negative PUIs (n = 30) and viral coinfections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive PUIs (n = 45)
158 (Mtb) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection increases mortality, accelerates progression
163 .HIV/human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 coinfection is believed to decrease survival of coinfect
164 type 1 (HTLV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection is high in certain Indigenous Australian pop
165 cute genotype 1 or 4 HCV infection and HIV-1 coinfection is similar to historic rates with interferon
170 these findings introduce a model for how EBV coinfection may influence HPV-positive (HPV-pos) OSCC pa
173 more days than term infants) and cases with coinfections (median of 1 more day than those without co
174 This CTMC model is based on our previous coinfection model, expressed in terms of a system of ord
177 courses, and therapies in children with MRSA coinfection, non-MRSA bacterial coinfection, and no bact
181 Our findings indicate that influenza virus coinfection occurs more often than previously reported a
186 ited by other herpesviruses and the frequent coinfection of HIV-positive individuals by KSHV, we soug
190 se the same bat vector species and potential coinfections of these or subsequent hosts may alter the
191 A total of 306 participants (62% with HIV-1 coinfection, of whom 71% received antiretroviral therapy
192 nts with and without hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zambia.
196 characteristics, and estimated the impact of coinfections on rotavirus VE using a test-negative desig
197 e of bacterial coinfection (P = .01), fungal coinfection (P < .01), decreased body mass index (P = .0
199 nontuberculous mycobacteria responsible for coinfections particularly in patients with human immunod
200 contribution of enhanced urease activity to coinfection pathogenesis, and screened for enhanced urea
202 ion in neonates with cCMV indicates that CMV coinfection plays a major role in the residual burden of
204 er BMI, IV drug use, lower baseline CD4, HCV coinfection, prior osteonecrosis, prior fracture, cardio
206 illness complicated by group A Streptococcus coinfection, progressing to acute respiratory distress s
210 and other coronavirus) and bacterial/fungal coinfection reported in English, Mandarin, or Italian we
213 nced fibrosis, who achieve SVR with DAA, HIV-coinfection seems to be associated with a lower risk of
214 th suspected ZIKV infection for dengue virus coinfection should be considered in dengue-endemic count
215 aspirate fluid from children with bacterial coinfection showed decreased respiratory burst and killi
222 ork suggests that immune responses to common coinfections, such as herpesviruses, may sustain HIV tis
225 , mNGS detected seven subsequently confirmed coinfections that were not initially requested by qPCR.
226 ing, we reveal the presence of mansonellosis coinfections that were undetectable by standard diagnost
227 aphic findings, hospitalization rates, viral coinfections, the mean duration of antimicrobial treatme
232 , and is the 1(st) report of an experimental coinfection using the rhesus macaque model for ZIKV and
233 tric case, with picornavirus and influenza A coinfection, visited 3 different schools while symptomat
237 ciated with elevated CXCL10 and tuberculosis coinfection was associated with elevated soluble CD14.
239 e of the IL-17A response in colonization and coinfection was investigated in WT, RoRgammat-/- and RAG
240 erans referred for echocardiography, HIV/HCV coinfection was not associated with a clinically signifi
243 Compared with 76 monoinfected patients, coinfection was significantly associated with cardiopath
244 serogroup B (aRRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.3); HIV coinfection was twice as common with W and Y diseases (a
245 rmation on VF trafficking during dsRNA virus coinfection, we rescued two recombinant infectious bursa
253 tal) were Plasmodium ovale monoinfections or coinfections where P. ovale was the dominant species.
254 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection who are at high risk for liver disease progr
256 titis media was modeled in BALB/c mice using coinfection with 1 x 10(4.5) PFU of influenza A virus ME
257 of dual influenza virus infection, including coinfection with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (
258 us, and productive AAV2 replication requires coinfection with a helper virus (e.g., adenovirus or her
259 Correspondingly, there is no evidence for coinfection with an HBV-related hepadnavirus based on vi
260 iae, and its transition to a pathogen during coinfection with an influenza virus, influenza A H1N1 A/
263 gal infection in nine patients (6.7%), and a coinfection with both pathogens in eight patients (5.0%)
264 l of polymicrobial IAI and demonstrated that coinfection with Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aur
267 disease control and should consider possible coinfection with different viruses, which can be associa
269 survival defects of H. parainfluenzae during coinfection with H. influenzae are topics for future wor
273 es were compared to those obtained following coinfection with homologous, genetically tagged, pH1N1 v
277 h IL-17A reduces S. pneumoniae colonization, coinfection with influenza virus elicits a robust innate
279 anscriptional responses to monoinfection and coinfection with M. gallisepticum and LPAIV highlighted
280 versity present in some samples is caused by coinfection with multiple distinct strains and provide r
285 ent Candida spp infections had high rates of coinfection with sexually transmitted infections (24.4%-
287 In this study, we investigated the impact of coinfection with T. gondii on the innate virus-directed
291 ion about the occurrence and consequences of coinfection with these pathogens across age-classes of a
292 Taken together, these results suggest that coinfection with these viruses could lead to the generat
293 differentially expressed genes suggest that coinfection with virulent M. gallisepticum and LPAIV ind
294 ication, and an interfering phenotype during coinfection with wild-type rotavirus, indicating the imp
296 a longer duration of diarrhea and protozoal coinfections with increased odds of hospitalization.
300 , an 11.3% decrease in VE due to presence of coinfections would explain an important fraction of the