ライフサイエンスコーパス: concentration gradient

1 tric field, and spontaneously diffuse with a concentration gradient.

2 port of sodium ions down their transmembrane concentration gradient.

3 bout the net ion flux through a pore under a concentration gradient.

4 -Rs and respond to S1P by migrating across a concentration gradient.

5 between the flux of any species and its own concentration gradient.

6 Most commonly, a component diffuses down the concentration gradient.

7 t TAPL translocates peptides against a large concentration gradient.

8 of retinol by maintaining an inward-directed concentration gradient.

9 to the phloem of leaf minor veins against a concentration gradient.

10 lycans (GAGs), which establishes a chemokine concentration gradient.

11 gen directs tissue patterning according to a concentration gradient.

12 oise ratio as the particles moved down their concentration gradient.

13 ic force in the PCM arising from an inherent concentration gradient.

14 es containing purified Cx26 in response to a concentration gradient.

15 senvelope bridge in discrete steps against a concentration gradient.

16 y the transmembrane diffusion of ions down a concentration gradient.

17 c device that generates continuously varying concentration gradient.

18 is depleted from the hot region and builds a concentration gradient.

19 nce of output droplets that define a digital concentration gradient.

20 rochannels in the presence of the surfactant concentration gradient.

21 al cargo between liquid phases to generate a concentration gradient.

22 ure controlled plate reader, and a multiwell concentration gradient.

23 nality as they migrated up a chemoattractant concentration gradient.

24 ransport solutes into the disk against their concentration gradient.

25 the DMB body into the cytosol, driven by its concentration gradient.

26 drive accumulation of galactosides against a concentration gradient.

27 s to speed up at low ionic strength and high concentration gradient.

28 a permselective membrane induced by a solute-concentration gradient.

29 transport of lipopolysaccharide against its concentration gradient.

30 l molecules, provided the driving force of a concentration gradient.

31 or molecules across cell membranes, creating concentration gradients.

32 port of a wide range of biomolecules against concentration gradients.

33 reating nucleoid-bound, self-organizing ParA concentration gradients.

34 diatoms is a passive process driven by small concentration gradients.

35 ial for efficient transport of urea at small concentration gradients.

36 great enough to provide substantial vertical concentration gradients.

37 anization at least partly reflecting agonist concentration gradients.

38 ther type of ion to reproducibly generate pH/concentration gradients.

39 that minimizes smoothing in the direction of concentration gradients.

40 ctants because of steep temporal and spatial concentration gradients.

41 molecules, many of which are distributed in concentration gradients.

42 transport of Na(+) and other ions down their concentration gradients.

43 wn to drive the formation of solute-specific concentration gradients.

44 ll translocation of substrates against their concentration gradients.

45 actions spontaneously produce spatiotemporal concentration gradients.

46 c ions to flow into or out of the cell along concentration gradients.

47 ters and metabolites are transported against concentration gradients.

48 n the passive polymer polystyrene, driven by concentration gradients.

49 junctions, and driven by local pressure and concentration gradients.

50 sue patterning through their distribution in concentration gradients.

51 Parallel (multichip) screening of ferric ion concentration gradients (0-40 mM) and temperature (23-75

52 border-associated enzymes, leading to a high concentration gradient across the cell monolayer.

53 ry of the phase transition due to the proton concentration gradient across the film-depth.

54 his results in the establishment of a proton concentration gradient across the lipid membrane, which

55 m ATP hydrolysis to pump protons against the concentration gradient across the membrane.

56 nergy of O2 reduction to generate the proton concentration gradient across the membrane.

57 grammable pump control algorithm to generate concentration gradients across a chain of droplets.

58 ns responsible for transporting ions against concentration gradients across biological membranes.

59 ution in vivo, we quantified arterial-venous concentration gradients across the human cerebral and fe

60 t in pathway flux by the generation of large concentration gradients across the microcompartment shel

61 iomolecules, and notably transport against a concentration gradient, across these bilayers has yet to

62 ke allows development of a nuclear/cytosolic concentration gradient against a background of passive d

63 emporal pulses, spatial stripes and a linear concentration gradient, all delivered in the fluid phase

64 The concentration gradients allow spontaneous interchannel s

65 iption factor is distributed as a long-range concentration gradient along the anterior posterior (AP)

66 ints in the embryo, thus generating a stable concentration gradient along the anterior-posterior axis

67 single N phase, by generating an appropriate concentration gradient along the width of the microchann

68 However, in vivo measurement of a TNF-alpha concentration gradient and activities within a granuloma

69 rial population preparation, strength of the concentration gradient and duration of exposure to the g

70 n addition, if the directions of the applied concentration gradient and electric field are identical,

71 aded a Matrigel matrix following a glutamine concentration gradient and enhanced the invasion of tumo

72 The concentration gradient and the initial rate of FFA influ

73 Flux was dependent on the direction of the concentration gradient and the R(S) of the individual tr

74 ings suggest that the formation of the MEG-3 concentration gradient and the segregation of P granules

75 whereby partition complexes create an ATPase concentration gradient and then climb up this gradient t

76 AmtB-mediated K(+) uptake occurred against a concentration gradient and was membrane potential-depend

77 d not follow a consistent pattern across the concentration gradient and were imprecisely estimated.

78 l ApNEAAT1 transport is driven by amino acid concentration gradients and is not coupled to transmembr

79 luidic platform, and preparation of barcoded concentration gradients and libraries.

80 for nongeometric properties such as internal concentration gradients and mechanical tensile forces.

81 e plant hormone auxin to induce differential concentration gradients and modulate plant physiology.

82 roscopy and synchrotron techniques to assess concentration gradients and reactive processes, includin

83 ic environmental chamber, even under varying concentration gradients and slight changes of the chambe

84 motility depends on factors such as nutrient concentration gradients and soluble factor signaling.

85 imultaneously allow the generation of linear concentration gradients and the mapping of concentration

86 connection between the apparent kinetics of concentration gradients and the rates of GFP maturation.

87 Cargo transport is performed against concentration gradients and through the exchange of chem

88 significantly affected by in planta and soil concentration gradients and when concentration centroids

89 chemotax in a wide range of chemoattractant concentration gradients, and thus need inhibitory proces

90 stigated the effect of cis/trans electrolyte concentration gradients applied over alpha-hemolysin nan

91 These findings suggest that the MEX-5/6 concentration gradients are directly coupled to the esta

92 onstrate that distinct time-averaged protein concentration gradients are established.

93 Upon solar evaporation, salt concentration gradients are formed between the millimete

94 from an area where there is a strong arsenic concentration gradient as a consequence of mining impact

95 ely on spatial sensing, with cells following concentration gradients as long as these are present.

96 In particular, an ionic concentration gradient at the end of the nanopipette, ge

97 eral mixing mechanism that strongly enhances concentration gradients at pore-scale.

98 of extracellular CCL19 and CCL21, which form concentration gradients at specific microanatomical loca

99 e diffusive gas exchange is dependent on the concentration gradient between air and surface water and

100 tional transport of phospholipids down their concentration gradient between membrane leaflets.

101 r beet (Beta vulgaris) maintains a steep Suc concentration gradient between the shoot (source) and th

102 culating conjugates that produce a sustained concentration gradient between the vasculature and solid

103 cular half-life of such conjugates creates a concentration gradient (blood vs. tumor) for an extended

104 lyzes accumulation of galactosides against a concentration gradient by coupling galactoside and H(+)

105 Binding frequency is patterned into a concentration gradient by the polarity landmarks Tea1 an

106 is transported, in many instances against a concentration gradient by transduction of the energy sto

107 K- channels regulate transmembrane salt concentration gradients by transporting K(+) ions select

108 We find that a concentration gradient can be established in a long dilu

109 thermore, we showed that the lifetime of the concentration gradient can be fine-tuned by localization

110 tumor cells than in normal tissues, and such concentration gradients can be exploited as a tool for t

111 tical and numerical results demonstrate that concentration gradients can foster a mode of adaptation

112 d to the Debye layer, the region with strong concentration gradients close to the membrane, which is

113 as diffusion constantly strives to erase all concentration gradients, concentration cells produce onl

114 nd net efflux of K(+), down their respective concentration gradients, converts the erythrocyte cytoso

115 bottom of the well, it is conceivable that a concentration gradient could arise across the fluid laye

116 gnet, concomitant with the introduction of a concentration gradient (decrease in temperature).

117 a higher fraction of pmf stored as a proton concentration gradient (DeltapH).

118 ear a surface resulting from, for example, a concentration gradient, depletion in density, or surface

119 strains the steepness of the chemoattractant concentration gradient detectable by spermatozoa.

120 governed by the interplay between the local concentration gradient, diffusion, and collective intera

121 Accumulation of galactoside against a concentration gradient does not involve a change in Kd f

122 onally fast transport of water vapor under a concentration gradient driving force.

123 ticle theory is exploited to approximate the concentration gradients during the sedimentation process

124 Protein concentration gradients encode spatial information acros

125 pendence of the motor speed borne out of the concentration gradient evolution within the motor soluti

126 ure of electrocatalysts, but also by immense concentration gradients existing between the electrode s

127 pically acceptable, and all models predicted concentration gradients extending approximately 100 m fr

128 transport of matter associated with chemical concentration gradients (Fick's law), is treated as a se

129 These elongated domains provide a concentration gradient for directional charge diffusion

130 pistil, especially, free Ca(2+) providing a concentration gradient for pollen tube guidance and invo

131 show that tubular structures tend to retain concentration gradients for a longer time compared with

132 that maximizes drift velocity along chemical concentration gradients for a wide range of environments

133 rt here the application of nonlinear analyte concentration gradients for determining kinetic rates an

134 Second, antibiotic concentration gradients form within granulomas, with low

135 otron hard X-ray fluorescence to observe the concentration gradient formation within Li-ion battery e

136 EM (HAM) family transcription factors form a concentration gradient from the epidermis to the interio

137 y preferentially loads target tissues with a concentration gradient from the surface or point of rele

138 We demonstrate a variety of combined pH/concentration gradients from a mixture of ethylenediamin

139 ylates and inhibits Cdr2, and forms cortical concentration gradients from cell poles.

140 , niclosamide dissipated protons (down their concentration gradient) from lysosomes to the cytosol, e

141 the potential of the system to be used as a concentration gradient generator through analysis of the

142 components to design and construct a tunable concentration gradient generator with a scalable number

143 across Droplet Interface Bilayers against a concentration gradient gives a new facet to droplet netw

144 the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum against the concentration gradient, harvesting the required energy b

145 We also find that the concentration gradients have a fine resolution and are r

146 inhomogeneous samples such as a biochemical concentration gradient in a capillary configuration.

147 synthetic community (SynCom) across a wide P concentration gradient in an agar matrix, we demonstrate

148 In our hypotheses, this induces a concentration gradient in an aqueous sodium alginate sol

149 maternally provided bicoid mRNA, establish a concentration gradient in Drosophila early embryonic dev

150 During embryogenesis, morphogens form a concentration gradient in responsive tissue, which is th

151 ranscription factor, Dorsal, forms a nuclear concentration gradient in the early Drosophila embryo, p

152 permeable walls, without any preimposed ion-concentration gradient in the liquid phase.

153 By creating a radial drug concentration gradient in the nanoparticle, controllable

154 ees were subjected to subsurface contaminant concentration gradients in a greenhouse study.

155 he challenge of producing microfluidic-based concentration gradients in a way that every droplet repr

156 These trees were then analyzed for azimuthal concentration gradients in aboveground tree tissues, rev

157 Thermal gradients induce concentration gradients in alkali halide solutions, and

158 idea behind the discussed model is that the concentration gradients in both membrane and sample solu

159 Hh distributes in concentration gradients in the anterior compartment of t

160 ns are sufficient to generate stable protein concentration gradients in the cytoplasm.

161 f the effects of spin-lattice relaxation and concentration gradients in the D-DNP experiment, the sub

162 Commonly used diffusion models, based on concentration gradients in the external bulk water phase

163 stly be described by diffusion driven by the concentration gradients in the external bulk water phase

164 ulates FGF9 and FGF20's receptor binding and concentration gradients in the extracellular matrix.

165 concentrations in tree trunks reflected the concentration gradients in the groundwater around the tr

166 d RNA and Bcd protein distribute in matching concentration gradients in the interior of nuclear cycle

167 ity, also spontaneously generating myosin II concentration gradients in the solution phase of the sim

168 ly, mass-transport limitations lead to large concentration gradients in the solution-phase and subseq

169 this type of diffusion can be independent of concentration gradients in the system but governed by th

170 This resulted in stable concentration gradients in water (>24 h).

171 ed by steep Ran guanosine triphosphate (GTP) concentration gradients, indicating that RanGTP-activate

172 which actively transports the CORM against a concentration gradient into the cells.

173 uired to transport proteins against cellular concentration gradients into or out of cilia.

174 This concentration gradient is created by the chromatin-bound

175 active accumulation of substrate against its concentration gradient is driven by the transmembrane Na

176 Thus, a high cell concentration gradient is required to make branching str

177 selectivity of the nanopore occurs when the concentration gradient is sufficiently large.

178 Cell concentration gradient is the key factor that determines

179 The concentration gradient is then fixed by forming a stable

180 ion during wound healing--cell and chemokine concentration gradients--is unknown.

181 cally involves the establishment of an auxin concentration gradient mediated by polarly localized aux

182 Through the formation of concentration gradients, morphogens drive graded respons

183 +) ATPase to maintain the Na(+) and K(+) ion concentration gradients necessary for AP production.

184 eports show that significant basal-to-apical concentration gradients occur, with the potential to imp

185 5) atoms m(-3)) and reveal a strong vertical concentration gradient of (129)I.

186 acids from blood to bile against a measured concentration gradient of 4,000.

187 dependent depolymerization can arise from a concentration gradient of a depolymerizing protein, such

188 emporal oscillations are induced either by a concentration gradient of a diffusible signal, or by spo

189 a collectively chemotactic motion along the concentration gradient of a glucose resource, which coul

190 ive transport that is generated by a lateral concentration gradient of a redox-active surfactant acro

191 fusion in conjunction with an imposed linear concentration gradient of electroactive molecules over t

192 dominant driving force for diffusion is the concentration gradient of exchangeable cations in the na

193 rom osmotic/phoretic particle transport in a concentration gradient of fuel, hydrogen peroxide, induc

194 1 (ATML1) and its close homolog, define the concentration gradient of HAM in the SAM through activat

195 ly leukocyte recruitment to wounds through a concentration gradient of hydrogen peroxide.

196 ted with the localized stresses induced by a concentration gradient of Li atoms in the lattice, provi

197 nd per OmpF trimer in the presence of a 1 mM concentration gradient of norfloxacin.

198 r complex exhibits a biased migration into a concentration gradient of NTPs, resembling chemotaxis.

199 In Drosophila embryos, a concentration gradient of nuclear Dorsal protein control

200 The concentration gradient of one ion can drive the flow of

201 nt, the developing long bone is exposed to a concentration gradient of oxygen, with lower oxygen tens

202 However, when presented with a concentration gradient of pheromone, Ste4(K340R) mutant

203 ts are recruited into the clotted wound by a concentration gradient of platelet-derived growth factor

204 The transfer energetics follows the concentration gradient of polar atoms across the bilayer

205 nocrystals, leads to a magnetic-field-driven concentration gradient of redox molecules.

206 storage concentration cells are based on the concentration gradient of redox-active reactants; the in

207 d in an H(+) electrochemical gradient into a concentration gradient of substrate.

208 namically establishes, and interacts with, a concentration gradient of the ATPase.

209 01 s after contact simulation, an increasing concentration gradient of the free membrane proteins dev

210 of the Drosophila embryo is patterned by the concentration gradient of the homeodomain transcription

211 ell and the strength of the external, linear concentration gradient of the signaling molecule cyclic

212 f substrate and to drift either up or down a concentration gradient of their substrate.

213 ntial bathochromic shifts over an increasing concentration gradient of Zn(ClO(4))(2) in acetonitrile.

214 tively investigate chemotaxis in response to concentration gradients of attractants and repellents.

215 Concentration gradients of biochemical stimuli such as m

216 We show, by altering the concentration gradients of Dachsous during development,

217 ocells move autonomously by interacting with concentration gradients of either substrates or products

218 sm levels through the application of precise concentration gradients of exogenous hormone (insulin an

219 was developed that allows (1) generation of concentration gradients of HOCs under the microscope, (2

220 Without tight junctions, transepithelial concentration gradients of ions and nutrients would be d

221 Modeling results show the concentration gradients of methane and nitrogen would ca

222 Concentration gradients of morphogenic proteins pattern

223 as fabricated to create diffusion-controlled concentration gradients of nitrate and ciprofloxacin und

224 sinus blood sampling (to derive transcardiac concentration gradients of PINP, PIIINP, and C-terminal

225 sults of this study demonstrate that lateral concentration gradients of redox-active surfactants form

226 Concentration gradients of soluble proteins are believed

227 ed in the extracellular space in the form of concentration gradients of specific classes of extracell

228 The steep temperature and concentration gradients of such cycles result in an RNA

229 Concentration gradients of the activator, HetR, were obs

230 ons in opposite directions and driven by the concentration gradients of the ions.

231 wall were used to electrochemically generate concentration gradients of the redox-active surfactant 1

232 platform to measure vertical and horizontal concentration gradients of trace gases and aerosol parti

233 ive reconstruction of the laminar and radial concentration gradients of xenobiotics introduced in mul

234 tion pattern in the vitellarium, Upd forms a concentration gradient on the apical surface of the foll

235 chment, followed by the formation of a metal concentration gradient on the steel surface.

236 We underscore that the large concentration gradients on electrodes with high local cu

237 Protein concentration gradients pattern developing organisms and

238 nerate electrochemically steady-state linear concentration gradients perpendicular to the flow direct

239 The impact of draw solution used, osmotic concentration gradient, pH, and temperature were studied

240 ein, which actively effluxes drugs against a concentration gradient, producing an MDR phenotype.

241 show that as Zn(2+) ions diffuse down their concentration gradients, protons are antiported.

242 activation by establishing agonist-specific concentration gradients radiating from the site of injur

243 y is transformed into electric energy as the concentration gradient reaches equilibrium between two h

244 ons around the pore, and the established ion concentration gradient rendering the electric field redi

245 ignalling molecules that form spatiotemporal concentration gradients, requiring cells to respond to a

246 anisms were identified to lead to the solute concentration gradients: solubilization of solutes by mi

247 proportionate to the magnitude of tree-core concentration gradients (spearman's coefficient of -0.61

248 In experimental tests involving concentration gradients such as inhibitor library screen

249 s dependent on transmembrane Na(+)- and K(+) concentration gradients suggesting the currents were rel

250 usion coefficient increased with the protein concentration gradient, suggesting stronger and more fre

251 The resulting concentration gradient supports passive DO diffusion fro

252 Herein, a series of full concentration gradient-tailored agglomerated-sphere LLOs

253 We show that, to drive the kinetics and concentration gradients, TFs belonging to big and small

254 within the spot toward the edge encounter a concentration gradient that causes growth cones to becom

255 long the anterior-posterior boundary forms a concentration gradient that controls the expression doma

256 accomplished the reconstitution of a protein concentration gradient that directs the assembly of the

257 In vivo, MEG-3 forms a posterior-rich concentration gradient that is anti-correlated with a gr

258 Bicoid (Bcd) protein distributes in a concentration gradient that organizes the anterior/poste

259 which is a target of the dorsal (dl) nuclear concentration gradient that patterns the dorsal/ventral

260 The PEAR proteins form a short-range concentration gradient that peaks at protophloem sieve e

261 trafficking is highly regulated and requires concentration gradients that are achieved by interaction

262 low device uses diffusive mixing to generate concentration gradients that are stable throughout the c

263 battery electrolyte can directly capture the concentration gradients that arise when current is appli

264 Morphogen concentration gradients that extend across developmental

265 tumor tissue in order to avoid generation of concentration gradients that induce drug resistance.

266 At comparable concentration gradients, the measured lysozyme diffusion

267 ncentrations are typically different, a salt concentration gradient through a charged nanopore is pro

268 and the third a biasing of run directions up concentration gradients through modulation of small head

269 posterior compartment cells distributes in a concentration gradient to adjacent cells of the anterior

270 ls, allowing the behavior of the electrolyte concentration gradient to be studied and correlated with

271 more avidly against the inhibitory aggrecan concentration gradient to cross onto laminin, without re

272 further demonstrate the ability of the local concentration gradient to drive autonomous motion of col

273 ve electrolytes could further induce a sharp concentration gradient to improve the energy density and

274 T requires only pressure-driven flow and ion concentration gradient to induce a stable local electric

275 able process of solute transport against its concentration gradient to the energetically favorable tr

276 ed monolayers and complex nonlinear chemical concentration gradients to be easily prepared.

277 Secondary multidrug transporters use ion concentration gradients to energize the removal from cel

278 selective channel that exploits in vivo zinc concentration gradients to move zinc ions into the cytop

279 along the cell bodies, forming a decreasing concentration gradient toward the lagging cell pole.

280 Electron hopping increased the diffusion concentration gradient up to 10(6)-fold, which largely p

281 nuously drive chloride transport against the concentration gradient, up to [Cl(-)](in) 65 mM | [Cl(-)

282 omprehensive set of well-controlled chemical concentration gradients using a newly developed microflu

283 ive mesophyll cells into the phloem down its concentration gradient via plasmodesmata, i.e. symplasti

284 nt of posterior-rich PIE-1, POS-1, and MEX-1 concentration gradients via the formation of anterior-fa

285 No significant net positive transcardiac concentration gradient was detected for either biomarker

286 A concentration gradient was simultaneously established fo

287 where the energized ion still goes down its concentration gradient, we hypothesize that some transpo

288 microfluidic device to generate a substrate concentration gradient, we show that both catalase and u

289 nce in bicarbonate and simulated interfacial concentration gradients, we conclude that bicarbonate is

290 These concentration gradients were associated with a range of

291 sing bacteria immediately encounter a stable concentration gradient when they enter the chemotaxis ch

292 ransport in existing materials follows their concentration gradient, whereas attaining anti-gradient

293 e free-fat of P3 increased, largely due to a concentration gradient which contributed to the increase

294 ess than 3 mumol cm(-2) day(-1) (for a 1.0 m concentration gradient), which exceeds performance targe

295 e necessity of a microscopic dioxygen (O(2)) concentration gradient, which reconciles anaerobic N(2)

296 em exploits Taylor-Aris dispersion to create concentration gradients, which are then segmented into p

297 Spatial monitoring showed a decreasing TCE concentration gradient with increasing distance from the

298 The result would be a concentration gradient, with the lowest concentration of

299 The lattice distortion caused by oxygen concentration gradient within the silver nanoparticles p

300 This makes it possible to generate a cell-concentration gradient within whole-blood samples, a beh