ライフサイエンスコーパス: convection

1 caused by bulk fluid flow processes such as convection.

2 sediment in response to geothermal porewater convection.

3 lying an increase in the energy available to convection.

4 barrier-less and limited by buoyancy-driven convection.

5 bserved in the ocean due to double-diffusive convection.

6 solutes through brain involves diffusion and convection.

7 y the warmer, lower crust involved in mantle convection.

8 tent with a collapse of the local deep-ocean convection.

9 predicted by simulations of stellar surface convection.

10 of Earth's major centres of deep atmospheric convection.

11 e results quantitatively to double-diffusive convection.

12 ifies the influence of rotation on turbulent convection.

13 increase in the presence of double diffusive convection.

14 pletely random nor characteristic of natural convection.

15 ble the surface manifestation of solid-state convection.

16 nce of the representation of shallow cumulus convection.

17 ounds for models defining the mode of mantle convection.

18 duration for the full development of thermal convection.

19 take advantage of favorable winds and strong convection.

20 bles turbulent cloud formation through moist convection.

21 rements it can reveal the nature of the deep convection.

22 e continental crust and isolated from mantle convection.

23 strong surface magnetic fields that inhibit convection.

24 boundary-layer reduction owing to the liquid convection.

25 etostrophic regime in turbulent liquid metal convection.

26 ng in the investigation of chemically driven convection.

27 ed by buoyancy and fine-particle response to convection.

28 opics and hence are probably associated with convection.

29 ents are mostly associated with less intense convection.

30 d guide further research into thermochemical convection.

31 shear, all factors that strengthen organized convection.

32 d be observed concomitant with a weak winter convection.

33 t fluxes intensity, constrained the depth of convection.

34 ombined effect of thermophoresis and thermal convection.

35 ya associated with intensive open-ocean deep convection.

36 attract plumes and are shaped by deep mantle convection.

37 edicted from analogy to heat loss by buoyant convection, a theory frequently employed in Mars studies

38 port of freshwater into areas of active deep convection, affecting the strength of the Atlantic Merid

39 Thermal or solute-driven convection alone cannot explain such high velocities in

40 opospheric stability, the clustering of deep convection also reduces the convective outflow and the a

41 volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no

42 Our design has features to reduce convection and baseline shifts, which have troubled prev

43 ue to the mechanics associated with internal convection and capillary forces.

44 ll understanding of the planet's atmospheric convection and composition.

45 where it then can be lifted by daytime deep convection and contribute to hydrogen escape from Mars d

46 nstrained numerical models of thermochemical convection and demonstrate that flow in the deep lower m

47 riven flow is controlled by a combination of convection and diffusion.

48 fuel is permeable, air invades it by natural convection and drives the combustion.

49 which is owing to enhanced subtropical deep convection and favorable dynamic conditions therein in c

50 In each case, the induced convection and its influence on the diffusion layer esta

51 study offers a deeper understanding of shelf convection and its role for the construction of bacteria

52 We study the convection and mixing of CO2 in a brine aquifer, where t

53 s fundamental to our understanding of mantle convection and plate tectonics.

54 cal model which considers heat losses due to convection and radiation mechanisms, as well as semitran

55 in addition to the conventional conduction, convection and radiation.

56 ess than one billion years old), but thermal convection and radiogenic heating alone may not have bee

57 tric release of SDS surfactant induces fluid convection and rapid dispersion of horseradish peroxidas

58 the polymer coating, coupled with diffusion, convection and reaction in the biological tissue.

59 peting mechanisms: enhanced DNA transport by convection and reduction in the nanopore's capture volum

60 elimination of exterior influences including convection and solid boundaries.

61 tropical moist atmospheres can promote deep convection and trigger volcanic thunderstorms.

62 Nino-Southern Oscillation processes, such as convection and warming of the atmosphere and sea surface

63 reasing favorable conditions for atmospheric convection, and an additional 10-30% (2.0-5.2 billion m(

64 The EP/NP pattern is linked to tropical convection, and consistently the coherence between US te

65 etween the coastal warming, atmospheric deep convection, and the coastal winds.

66 values resulting from orographic uplift and convection, and the lowest occurring in the Arctic.

67 etween US temperature anomalies and tropical convection anomalies has also been increasing during the

68 ge-scale serpentinization and forearc mantle convection are likely to be more widespread than general

69 degrees C during the day when conduction and convection are limited and a net cooling power greater t

70 We show that 30-45% increases in convection are possible through an array-flow informed a

71 ious models demonstrating the sensitivity to convection are validated through the wind tunnel results

72 in boundary layer moist-entropy, inflow, and convection are weak in Phailin's low-sheared environment

73 Such vortices due to Marangoni and natural convections are found to be strongest at an optimal temp

74 in the back-arc, such as small-scale mantle convection, are likely to cause lateral variations in th

75 Upon evaporation, natural convection arising from Marangoni currents mixes solutio

76 nnual ozone variability is mainly related to convection associated with El Nino/Southern Oscillation.

77 thermal structure and moisture to changes in convection associated with extratropical cyclones is poo

78 ection (at 50, 60, and 70 degrees C), forced convection at 40 degrees C and 315W microwave power.

79 5+/-0.0019mg/g betaxanthin) when compared to convection at 50, 60 and 70 degrees C.

80 irst stage the samples were dried in hot air convection at 60 degrees C followed by hot air ventilati

81 A strong thermal shock, provided by convection at 60 degrees followed by microwave wattage 3

82 Compared with nonmagnetic convection at otherwise identical parameters, the dynamo

83 yer processes and thereby failed to simulate convection at right time and place.

84 mbination of the following three drying free convection (at 50, 60, and 70 degrees C), forced convect

85 sublimation (low environmental pressure) or convection (atmospheric pressure) from substrates.

86 This natural convection avoids the use of the complex and sophisticat

87 cyclones can weaken even as their associated convection becomes more energetic.

88 We show that convection becomes the dominant form of mass transport f

89 us research has focused on the initiation of convection, but in many regions of the world, the majori

90 mation on the dynamics of large-scale mantle convection, but their origin has remained enigmatic for

91 d by Grossmann and Lohse for Rayleigh-Benard convection can be directly applied to DDC flow for a wid

92 ations, violating the common assumption that convection can be neglected.

93 Such convection can occur when salinity and temperature gradi

94 ecruiting the microcirculatory diffusion and convection capacity associated with systemic vasodilatio

95 nd theory of fluid dynamics, we propose that convection caused by brine rejection in growing sea ice

96 n cell-autonomous (active) displacements and convection caused by large-scale (composite) tissue move

97 onstrated that the junctions at the edges of convection cells are responsible for this behaviour for

98 terface and develop into self-sustained flow convection cells.

99 ars a necessary condition for the onset of a convection collapse.

100 The variation of the convection contour at the interface first decreases, the

101 anges in precipitation within organized deep convection contribute less to changes in precipitation.

102 and fuel plasma, while plasma-induced forced convection cools the substrate.

103 The proposed mixed convection correction is 0.51 +/- 1.07 degrees C higher

104 , the geochemical data suggests this mode of convection could have influenced the evolution of mantle

105 e development of persistent, self-organizing convection currents in the cytoplasm of large eukaryotes

106 Double-diffusive convection (DDC), which is the buoyancy-driven flow with

107 of deep convective events appears to be the convection depth of the previous year.

108 decadal variability through decreased winter convection depths since the mid-1990s, a weakening and r

109 f surface fluxes on the environment in which convection develops.

110 des convincing predictions to the effects of convection, diffusion and microscopic interaction on the

111 in natural and engineered systems consist of convection, diffusion, and reaction processes.

112 parameters of an array and the interplay of convection, diffusion, and reaction.

113 ty after long pauses, their agreement with a convection-diffusion model and the observation of trappe

114 ld be identified; this was confirmed using a convection-diffusion model.

115 omena can be described by using the unsteady convection-diffusion-reaction (CDR) equation, which is c

116 n the governing equation becomes an unsteady convection-diffusion-reaction-source (CDRS) equation, of

117 The convection/diffusion/reaction model coupled with Darcy's

118 e the transition from diffusion-dominated to convection-dominated transport by varying both the flow

119 For L. lactis, the particle velocity due to convection driven by electroosmotic flow exceeded that o

120 The effects of the temperature and the convection driven by the ETF result in the increased rat

121 ces in standard models include compositional convection (driven by the solidifying inner core's expul

122 ating pre-treatment and subsequent microwave-convection drying were studied.

123 echanism for the spike-shaped transients was convection due to electroosmotic flow.

124 rmed that L. lactis experienced transport by convection due to electroosmotic flow.

125 by using a numerical model, based on forced convection during high speed SECM imaging.

126 The small droplet size and the convection during the droplet flow ensure that the trans

127 plets formed at less-narrow channels, due to convection effects originating from the density differen

128 -rural differences in evapotranspiration and convection efficiency are the main determinants of warmi

129 Convection enhanced delivery (CED) of chemotherapeutic d

130 Convection enhanced delivery (CED) provides a powerful m

131 ), following intracranial administration via convection enhanced delivery (CED), provides widespread

132 n tumors in vivo following administration by convection enhanced delivery.

133 administration by either manual injection or convection enhanced delivery.

134 Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) allows for local admi

135 PEAMOtecan was administered by one-time, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) intra-tumorally to ac

136 Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) provides direct acces

137 MRI is used to monitor convection-enhanced delivery in real time using a nanopa

138 Therapeutic potential was most evident via a convection-enhanced delivery method, which shows signifi

139 maging, however, suggested that intermittent convection-enhanced delivery of GDNF produced a putamen-

140 ensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices, we used convection-enhanced delivery of the viral vector, with o

141 s disease, using intermittent intraputamenal convection-enhanced delivery via a skull-mounted transcu

142 These include convection-enhanced delivery, alternative catheter deliv

143 aoperative magnetic resonance imaging-guided convection-enhanced delivery, five monkeys received bila

144 surface chemistries, after administration by convection-enhanced delivery.

145 ts, micrometer precision of localization and convection-enhanced fast deposition.

146 MH bar(-1))) were achieved and resulted in a convection-enhanced rate constant for Fe(CN)6(4-) oxidat

147 ata on September sea-ice area indicates that convection episodes produce wave-mediated teleconnection

148 to our knowledge, turbulent, magnetostrophic convection experiments using the liquid metal gallium.

149 Continual transverse convection flow forms when the microheaters are energize

150 three-dimensional turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection flows in a slender cylindrical cell of aspect

151 Here we reveal why these convection flows obey a much stronger level of fluid tur

152 cted at the same Reynolds numbers as for the convection flows.

153 u experiments to show how 3D chaotic thermal convection-flows that naturally permeate hydrothermal po

154 excess of about one kilometre should undergo convection for estimated present-day heat-flow condition

155 te resulting from coupling of diffusion with convection forced by solution stirring or circulation.

156 ave enhanced vertical mixing due to top-down convection from the cloud layer.

157 core's expulsion of light elements), thermal convection (from slow cooling), and perhaps heat from th

158 al predictions demonstrates that spontaneous convection has a direct influence on the actual thicknes

159 entified and the associated double diffusive convection has been suggested to influence the Arctic Oc

160 Most of our knowledge about stellar convection has come from studying the Sun: about two mil

161 are known, but how they are preserved during convection has not been adequately explained.

162 Both thermal contraction and convection have been proposed to explain this terrain, b

163 gs taking wind into account rely on a forced convection heat transfer coefficient.

164 pid detection of nucleic acids using natural convection heating.

165 blem used to carry the comparison is natural convection in a differentially heated cavity where LFTFs

166 We compare turbulent convection in air at Pr=0.7 and in liquid mercury at Pr=

167 In contrast to convection in air, the kinetic energy injection rate is

168 ll-scale turbulence modeling of liquid metal convection in astrophysical and technological applicatio

169 The representation of convection in climate models has so far restricted our a

170 een the different degrees of organization of convection in climate models, our results highlight an a

171 late to the more realistic representation of convection in CP4A, and its response to increasing atmos

172 port properties of turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection in horizontally extended systems by using dee

173 t the same combination of thermophoresis and convection in hydrothermal pores leads to accumulation o

174 ow topology distributions in Rayleigh-Benard convection in response to Pr suggest that the modelling

175 magnetic field by a dynamo process driven by convection in the liquid outer core.

176 We find that turbulent convection in the magnetostrophic regime is, in fact, ma

177 evel mean westerlies in the Indian Ocean and convection in the Maritime Continent, which in turn stre

178 polar region cannot be explained by vertical convection in the middle/lower cloud layer, and the pres

179 ess, concomitant with reinvigoration of deep convection in the Nordic Seas and the abrupt warming tra

180 nlinear anelastic simulation of deep thermal convection in the outer layers of gas giant planets that

181 and other planets are generated by turbulent convection in the vast oceans of liquid metal within the

182 lation of the electrode produces significant convection in the vicinity of the electrode disk (veloci

183 o understanding the role of double diffusive convection in vertical heat transport is one of observat

184 suitable for these studies due to the almost convection-independent amperometric response associated

185 introduced by buoyancy driven flow, or free convection, induced by radiant forcing of a black globe'

186 Heat removal processes include landfill gas convection, infiltration, leachate collection, and evapo

187 The column was cooled through forced convection inside the GC oven within the time frame of a

188 ysical mechanisms, ranging from orography to convection, intensifying fronts, and even seismic and vo

189 sing are significantly improved by including convection into the theoretical model.

190 to be essential to induce forced electrolyte convection into the thin electrolyte layer to achieve we

191 Convection is a fundamental physical process in the flui

192 transport of heat and momentum in turbulent convection is constrained by thin thermal and viscous bo

193 The nonlinear convection is investigated under the assumptions of inst

194 Convection is more effective in determining the transpor

195 Understanding how convection is necessary but not sufficient for maintaini

196 Turbulent convection is often present in liquids with a kinematic

197 lis and Lorentz forces partially cancel, and convection is optimally efficient.

198 The extent of convection is quantified in term of the CO2 saturation v

199 antly improve the modeling of mesoscale deep convection is tested over the Indian monsoon region (IMR

200 f saline North Atlantic water and subsequent convection, is a key component of the deep southward ret

201 reme case, where volcanically-triggered deep convection lasted for six days.

202 are larger in extent than the height of the convection layer-which appear as temporal patterns of ri

203 Convection-limited export corresponds to classical model

204 We then show that the effective regime of convection-limited export is predominant in plants with

205 ld surfaces will still cool adjacent air via convection, limiting overall radiant-cooling effectivene

206 eastward-propagating MJO suppressed/enhanced convection locates over the Maritime Continent.

207 g surface of our planet by catalysing mantle convection, lubricating plate tectonics and feeding arc

208 Our results suggest that chaotic thermal convection may play a previously unappreciated role in m

209 Here we report a parameterized convection model to compute the Rayleigh number of the N

210 A laminar flow forced convection model was used in the design of a partial sat

211 th iterative method for time-reversed global convection modeling over the Cenozoic Era which incorpor

212 and-forth iterative method for time-reversed convection modeling, which incorporates tomography-based

213 atic stability calculations show that upward convection occurs in annual 40- to 45-d episodes over th

214 in the northwestern Mediterranean where deep convection occurs.

215 the modelling strategy for turbulent natural convection of gaseous fluids may not be equally well sui

216 suited for simulations of turbulent natural convection of liquids with high values of Pr.

217 field has been thought to arise from thermal convection of molten iron alloy in the outer core, but r

218 nsor and flow topologies for Rayleigh-Benard convection of Newtonian fluids in cubic enclosures have

219 fractal aggregation in the unsteady thermal convection of NS systematically.

220 In the presence of flow, convection of TPA was the critical controlling process;

221 The effects of natural convection on mass transport and chronoamperometric curr

222 This mitigates the effects of early stage convection on the dispersion and thus imposes a lower bo

223 p together demonstrate the influence of free convection on the instrument's readings.

224 Convection on these bodies is currently thought to have

225 ast, changes in less organized forms of deep convection or changes in precipitation within organized

226 United States with no influence from mantle convection or crustal weakness necessary.

227 explain that the unifying theory of thermal convection originally developed by Grossmann and Lohse f

228 es-have been interpreted as tracers of moist convection originating near the 5-bar level of Jupiter's

229 drying methods, (b) hot air temperature in a convection oven, and (c) the moisture content of fruits

230 dos after drying peeled or unpeeled pulps by convection oven, microwave or freeze-drying.

231 e land conditions play in impacting the deep convection over the IMR.

232 initially driven by record strength tropical convection over the Indian and western Pacific Oceans, w

233 extreme 3-hourly precipitation compared to a convection-parameterised 25 km model (R25).

234 In this study, the convection patterns of a Rayleigh-Benard fluid cell at s

235 sults from climate change experiments with a convection-permitting (4.5 km grid-spacing) model, for t

236 Convection plays a major part in many astrophysical proc

237 l cerebral perfusion and cerebrospinal fluid convection, present observation presents a mechanism exp

238 gations, which affect distinctly the thermal convection process over time.

239 lution by linking measurements of the mantle convection process that generated NAIP magma with observ

240 deep layers from 2009 to 2013 thanks to deep convection processes.

241 at, with the more accurate representation of convection, projected changes in both wet and dry extrem

242 en the Lorentz force strongly influences the convection properties.

243 Convection provides the mechanism behind plate tectonics

244 during the afternoon-evening transition when convection reaches its diurnal peak in intensity and fre

245 nd satellite observations reveal that strong convection reaching the upper troposphere (where high at

246 s are incorporated using a system of coupled convection-reaction-diffusion (CRD) equations to represe

247 's thermal evolution and the style of mantle convection rely on robust seismological constraints on l

248 Bacterial magneto-convection represents a new class of collective behaviou

249 tributions from magnetic diffusion, magnetic convection, residual magnetization, and electromagnetic

250 ivity of iron is too high to support thermal convection, resulting in the investigation of chemically

251 A new state of "bacterial magneto-convection" results, wherein bacterial plumes emerge spo

252 verall flow pattern, namely from large-scale convection rolls to well-organized vertically oriented s

253 ergy is three years, during which wintertime convection seasonally modulates potential and kinetic en

254 of seconds, density gradient-driven natural convection significantly affects mass transport.

255 Smaller-scale convection stress effects from slab rollback and associa

256 Deriving the characteristic properties of convection (such as granule size and contrast) for the m

257 Key properties of convection-such as the characteristic flow velocity and

258 lution real-time infrared calorimetry on the convection system as it is first driven out-of-equilibri

259 hydrofluoroether) to a water-based turbulent convection system, a remarkably efficient biphasic dynam

260 Thermoelectromagnetic convection (TEMC) plays the role of micro-stirring the m

261 This upward trend in convection-temperature alignment is most notable during

262 and permit comparable or greater effects of convection than diffusion in determining intracellular m

263 e changes lead to reorganization of tropical convection that in turn triggers an anticyclonic respons

264 wing the summer sea-ice melt drives vertical convection that perturbs the upper troposphere.

265 This region is known for persistent convection that regularly delivers surface air to higher

266 rences in their organization of vortex-scale convection that resulted in their different rapid intens

267 igorously convecting, making Rayleigh-Benard convection the most likely explanation for these polygon

268 l) hysteresis is primarily driven by thermal convection through the soil profile.

269 ell metabolism emerging in response to fluid convection through these networks and to diffusion of ox

270 is further linked to differences in shallow convection, thus providing a focus for accelerated resea

271 e aggregate characteristic time, tm the mean convection time) is introduced to characterize the slow

272 ovel approach that utilizes thermal buoyancy convection to achieve flexible particle focusing and swi

273 , some bioelectrochemical systems use forced convection to enhance mass transport of both nutrients a

274 its use for photo-controlled Rayleigh-Benard convection to generate dynamic, self-regulating flows wi

275 light on the response of organized tropical convection to global warming, and challenges conventiona

276 t returns within >/=100 Myrs via large-scale convection to its approximate starting location.

277 and land, with moist forest that depends on convection to sustain gross primary productivity and gro

278 t flow cell, allowing combined diffusion and convection to the electrode surface.

279 to the rotation axis (less geostrophic), and convection transports twice as much heat, all of which i

280 dels represent small-scale processes such as convection using subgrid models known as parameterizatio

281 that the magnetic-field dependent changes of convection velocity and contour at the interface agree w

282 The convection velocity first increases, then decreases, and

283 The estimated convection velocity of 1.5 centimetres a year indicates

284 supporting electrolyte concentrations induce convection via electroosmotic flows.

285 Furthermore, by modeling the early stage convection, we analyze a mixture of two solutes with sig

286 show that t(r) measurements neglecting free convection when calculating t(r) from air temperatures o

287 ation is the use of Rayleigh-Bernard natural convection which is caused by a buoyancy-driven thermal

288 Earth's mantle convection, which facilitates planetary heat loss, is ma

289 200 000g can proceed undisturbed by walls or convection while concentration profiles are imaged with

290 eologically young surface units, surface ice convection, wind streaks, volatile transport, and glacia

291 all events are characterized by less intense convection with intense radar echoes not extending to ex

292 le endure as a direct result of whole-mantle convection within largely isolated cells defined by subd

293 w a strong positive impact of drier soils on convection within mature MCSs.

294 We argue that Saharan warming intensifies convection within Sahelian MCSs through increased wind s

295 s global magnetic field arises from vigorous convection within the liquid outer core.

296 during plate tectonics is controlled by slow convection within the mantle.

297 While this intracellular convection would be highly context-dependent, in certain

298 of the total opacity at the solar radiation/convection zone boundary.

299 n which the dynamo originates throughout the convection zone.

300 n spite of the turbulent nature of the solar convection zone.