ライフサイエンスコーパス: copper

1 ic [Formula: see text] tilt GBs in elemental copper.

2 d class of high-surface-area "oxide-derived" copper.

3 must also repair the damage caused by excess copper.

4 low-organic content media and ppm levels of copper.

5 rization of arylpyridiniums(11), adsorbed on copper.

6 complexes of ruthenium, iridium, chromium or copper(5,6).

7 erved in presence of 100 ppb arsenic, 20 ppb copper, 5 ppb cadmium, 10 ppb lead, 10 ppb bisphenol A,

8 f radioisotopes of copper: positron-emitting copper-64 ((64)Cu, t (1/2) = 12.7 h) and beta particle-e

9 t (1/2) = 12.7 h) and beta particle-emitting copper-67 ((67)Cu, t (1/2) = 61.8 h).

10 al theory (DFT) calculations predisposes the copper active site for the formation of a stable Cu-O(2)

11 ermediates broadly and for understanding how copper active sites achieve activation of strong C-H bon

12 characteristic of this laccase conserves its copper activity suggesting a different site of copper bi

13 Here, we evaluate the mechanism of block by copper adamantyl iminodiacitate and copper cyclooctyl im

14 Bimodally distributed gold-copper alloy NCs and NPs are used as a model system to d

15 ' onto a template structure in the aluminium-copper alloy system.

16 The locally formed tin-copper alloys are electron-conductive and meanwhile elec

17 Gold-copper alloys have rich forms.

18 These feature unsupported copper-aluminum or copper-gallium bonds with short metal

19 nt reaction (GRR) between the Ga seeds and a copper-amine complex takes place.

20 eduction reaction (eCORR) on polycrystalline copper and elucidated the oxygen incorporation mechanism

21 and CAArCs have allowed for the isolation of copper and gold complexes that were believed to be only

22 Therefore, in this study, the copper and iron complexes of COTI-2 were synthesized and

23 o remove traces of e-liquid, lead, chromium, copper and nickel were all detected in the cigalike ENDS

24 ne values (GVs) for two reference toxicants, copper and the herbicide diuron, for tropical marine spe

25 d to SEI formation on both lithium metal and copper (and Cu(+), Cu(2+) reduction).

26 -carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, magnesium, copper, and alcohol.

27 The reaction is catalyzed by copper, and the conditions proved to be mild and were am

28 Tremendous efforts have focused on copper- and palladium-mediated/catalyzed trifluoromethyl

29 ce has comparable performance with that of a copper antenna array at 28 GHz, which is a target freque

30 While some metals such as iron and copper are essential for cellular functions, others such

31 Zinc and copper are involved in neuronal differentiation and syna

32 te formation, but also eliminates the use of copper as an inert substrate.

33 In particular, using copper as our model ion of interest and inspired by natu

34 rent collector by thermally alloying tin and copper at their interface.

35 (that is, an intermediate bound to a single copper atom), thereby favouring further reduction to eth

36 a high-nuclearity copper nanocluster with 81 copper atoms, formulated as [Cu(81)(PhS)(46)((t)BuNH(2))

37 e cycling with an aluminum-based rather than copper-based current collector.

38 Copper-based ENMs (Kocide), known to dissolve in water,

39 Copper-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous int

40 Copper-based ternary (I-III-VI) chalcogenide nanocrystal

41 ction for separation and preconcentration of copper before its determination by flame atomic absorpti

42 active site residues correspondingly altered copper binding and the enzymatic activity, as well as in

43 ytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) and copper binding protein CopC share a similar mononuclear

44 residues within the active sites of various copper binding proteins, we design a framework featuring

45 pper activity suggesting a different site of copper binding.

46 ever, the involved pathways, mechanisms, and copper-binding proteins are mostly unknown.

47 Together, these results indicate that copper bioavailability is a KRAS-selective vulnerability

48 oxidizes ascorbate at a rate similar to free copper but through a mechanism that produce fewer reacti

49 s recently been explored for the reaction on copper by controlling morphology(6), grain boundaries(7)

50 fungal proteins in the formation of biogenic copper carbonate nanoparticles (CuNPs) using a carbonate

51 ensive overview of the recent development in copper-catalysed C-C, C-N, C-B, C-Si and C-F bond-formin

52 tidomimetics employing cooperative palladium/copper catalysis in water is developed.

53 ngstate-catalysed hydrogen atom transfer and copper catalysis.

54 (sp(3))-CF(3) bond-forming step involves the copper catalyst.

55 In addition, copper catalysts bearing ligands possessing germanyl gro

56 thiol group of cysteine and can be used for copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) with

57 an ammonia-Ugi-four component reaction (4CR)/copper-catalyzed annulation sequence.

58 The copper-catalyzed arylation of unsaturated nitrogen heter

59 s and their catalytic activity as ligands in copper-catalyzed azide and alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)

60 covalent second network generated in situ by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), pro

61 he key C(sp)-C(sp3) bond-forming step in the copper-catalyzed C-H functionalization of benzylic subst

62 This one-pot strategy involves a copper-catalyzed C-N coupling followed by concomitant C(

63 ification of effective catalytic systems for copper-catalyzed C-N cross-couplings is described.

64 jugates were synthesized using highly robust copper-catalyzed click reaction with high purity.

65 efficient, enantio- and diastereoselective, copper-catalyzed coupling of imines, 1,3-enynes, and dib

66 ications beyond supramolecular catalysis for copper-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions.

67 of substrates that has not readily undergone copper-catalyzed hydroboration previously.

68 3,5-di-tert-butyl groups and widely used for copper-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization.

69 Copper-catalyzed MCRs are particularly attractive becaus

70 g intermediate N-I bond formation, and (3) a copper-catalyzed N-N coupling process.

71 twist of the helix, significantly increases copper-catalyzed nitrite reductase activity (CuNiR).

72 in) site-specifically on chromatin employing copper-catalyzed or strain-promoted click reactions.

73 A simple but efficient one-pot or sequential copper-catalyzed protocol using 2-bromoaldehydes and act

74 A copper-catalyzed tandem process integrating regioselecti

75 ldes cross-coupling, followed by an aerobic, copper-catalyzed, radical cyclization to form Csp(2)-Csp

76 characterization of a previously undescribed copper center that forms the active site of a copper-con

77 minoterephthalic acid (linkers), with active copper centers.

78 ondrial genes including cytochrome C oxidase copper chaperone (COX17) and ATP Synthase, H(+) transpor

79 s, polyphenoloxidase inhibitory activity and copper chelating activity.

80 Copper-chelating drugs also significantly increased the

81 mework featuring pendant imidazole rings and copper-chelating salicylaldoxime, known as zinc imidazol

82 inhibition was not related to ROS induction, copper chelation, or PP2A activation.

83 y.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cuprizone (CZ) is a copper chelator that induces demyelination.

84 Cuprizone (CZ), a copper chelator, is widely used to study demyelination a

85 teral drug sensitivity elicited by combining copper chelators and BH3 mimetics for treatment of BRAF(

86 However, existing copper chelators are too toxic or ineffective for cancer

87 accurate composition of different commercial copper chlorophyll colorants for the first time.

88 During the ingestion of copper chlorophylls, no chlorophyll derivative was prese

89 n this construct toward either green or blue copper chromophores using mutation strategies that have

90 Here we report a cationic organo-copper cluster [Cu(4)(PCP)(3)](+) (PCP = 2,6-(PPh(2))(2)

91 The copper cluster is formed by three copper ions located at

92 s, whereby the reagents are passed through a copper coil reactor.

93 ate constants suggest that the first step is copper complex binding within the channel, and the slow

94 Indeed, TMG-SYNPHOS forms a copper complex that catalyzes hydroboration of 1,1-disub

95 Copper complexes based on iminodiacetate also block the

96 analysis indicated a molar ratio of peptide-copper complexes, while a combination of bioinformatics-

97 he introduction of copper impulse to reach a copper concentration which was shown to improve the resp

98 ver, all sites exceeded the 99% WQGVs due to copper concentrations that are likely of geogenic origin

99 respect of the nature of the active sites in copper containing zeolites for the selective conversion

100 added polyamines are quickly oxidized by the copper-containing bovine serum amine oxidase.

101 opper center that forms the active site of a copper-containing enzyme thiocyanate dehydrogenase (sugg

102 As copper-containing enzymes play important roles in iron h

103 Copper-containing nitrous oxide reductase (N(2)OR) is th

104 Here, we identified a copper-containing protein, Uclacyanin1 (UCC1), that is s

105 c histone H3-H4 tetramers contain a putative copper (Cu(2+)) binding site at the H3-H3' dimerization

106 rine copepod, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, to copper (Cu) for 7 generations (F1-F7) during three treat

107 ocurrent through nanocavities formed between copper (Cu) nanoparticles and the Cu-electrode beneath.

108 rimary mobile metal alloyed with silicidable copper (Cu) that stabilizes switching.

109 We measured manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) in hair, blood, urine, na

110 Cellular prion protein interacts with copper, Cu(II), through octarepeat and nonoctarepeat (no

111 where lithium is plated directly onto a bare copper current collector from a LiFePO(4) cathode.

112 A 3D copper current collector is functionalized with partiall

113 block by copper adamantyl iminodiacitate and copper cyclooctyl iminodiacitate complexes and address w

114 Severe copper deficiency leads to multiple pathologies, includi

115 Menkes is an infantile, fatal, hereditary copper-deficiency disorder that is characterized by prog

116 We have previously demonstrated that copper dependent inhibitors (CDIs), a class of antibioti

117 ically controlled cellular copper levels and copper-dependent enzymatic activities in both organelles

118 A copper-dependent laccase-mediated system representing an

119 s well as intracellular Cu(1+) abundance and copper-dependent mitochondrial respiration and Sod1 func

120 Copper detection for diagnostic purposes is an appealing

121 DSF and Cu formed copper diethyldithiocarbamate [Cu(DDC)(2)] complex which

122 -carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, magnesium, copper, docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, and al

123 attributed to an ultra-thin and ultra-smooth copper-doped silver film with low optical loss and low s

124 tial competitors for a copper ion bound in a copper drug.

125 This study provides new insight into the copper effect in methionine rich MCOs and highlights the

126 While copper enzymes promote NO release from RSNOs by serving

127 oss-of-function screens reveal that ATP7A, a copper-exporter upregulated by mutant KRAS, is essential

128 ts often being comparable to polycrystalline copper foil.

129 Copper foils might be suitable for roll-to-roll processe

130 er antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper) for 16 weeks.

131 endogenous elements including magnesium and copper, further differentiating the hypoxia gradient and

132 These feature unsupported copper-aluminum or copper-gallium bonds with short metal-metal distances, C

133 Elevated concentrations of copper (>2000 mug L(-1)) and lead (>5 mug L(-1)) were de

134 ionalized organostannylfuran using catalytic copper halide has been developed.

135 Recently, copper has been observed to drive tertiary contact in Pr

136 Copper has been the predominant electrocatalyst for this

137 coating porous carbon felt electrodes with a copper hexacyanoferrate composite mixture.

138 E STATEMENT Menkes and Wilson disease affect copper homeostasis and characteristically afflict the ne

139 nclude that the integrity of Golgi-dependent copper homeostasis mechanisms, requiring ATP7 and COG, a

140 ity, bacteria not only control intracellular copper homeostasis, but they must also repair the damage

141 proteins localize to the Golgi and regulate copper homeostasis.

142 on of extensive evolutionary conservation in copper homeostatic systems between human and Saccharomyc

143 od to prepare polysubstituted pyrroles via a copper hydride (CuH)-catalyzed enyne-nitrile coupling re

144 -disubstituted olefins by dual palladium and copper hydride catalysis as a convenient and general app

145 The copper hydride complexes are efficient catalysts for the

146 A series of copper(I) complexes bearing a cyclic (amino)(aryl)carben

147 The synthesis of chiral C(1) -symmetrical copper(I) complexes supported by chiral carbene ligands

148 looser 3(1) isomer can bind only either one copper(I) ion or one lutetium(III) ion.

149 is based on the classic 1,10-phenanthroline-copper(i) metal template strategy in conjunction with th

150 Copper(I)-based emitters are well-known to suffer from w

151 azide to a propargyloxyphenylalanine via the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition can incre

152 The copper(I)-catalyzed click reaction on the tripropargylam

153 rdinated crossing pattern formed only with a copper(I)-coordinated crossing of particular handedness.

154 ation of Michael-type thiol-ene addition and copper(I)-mediated alkyne-azide cycloaddition.

155 or two-electron chemistry via a one-electron copper(I/II) shuttle, as exemplified with an aerobic alc

156 ully prepared by using glutathione (GSH) and copper (II) chloride as precursors via a facile hydrothe

157 ta-diketiminate ligand, the three-coordinate copper(II) alkynyl [Cu(II)]-C=CAr (Ar = 2,6-Cl(2)C(6)H(3

158 Copper(II) alkynyl species are proposed as key intermedi

159 this method in combination with a nonchiral copper(II) complex that can racemize the ligand.

160 eport illustrates NO release from nitrite at copper(II) following a proton-coupled electron transfer

161 ing an amide-based [2]rotaxane as linker and copper(II) ions as metal nodes.

162 upon reaction of the alkyne H-C=CAr with the copper(II) tert-butoxide complex [Cu(II)]-O(t)Bu.

163 re, we utilize Sez and our recently reported copper(II)-mediated deprotection for the synthesis of cy

164 e investigated following the introduction of copper impulse to reach a copper concentration which was

165 ategy, we achieved CO(2) electroreduction on copper in 7 M potassium hydroxide electrolyte (pH ~ 15)

166 ntrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper in both national and regional brands of dietary s

167 The presence of copper in lambda-cyhalothrin-free breeding sites, where

168 h organics, iron and manganese) and lead and copper in point of use drinking water.

169 r than the recognised EC(50) toxic levels of copper in soils.

170 bda-cyhalothrin, suggests the involvement of copper in the insecticide resistance of malaria vectors;

171 results indicate new functions for zinc and copper in the modulation of the cytoskeleton morphology

172 istidine imidazole rings that coordinate the coppers in the TNC.

173 showed strong correlation between the major copper influx transporter copper transporter 1 (CTR-1) a

174 to nontargeted species due to anthropogenic copper inputs into protected waters.

175 norgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) and copper intrauterine device (C-IUD) in Cape Town, South A

176 finity, they are potential competitors for a copper ion bound in a copper drug.

177 han state-of-the-art materials for selective copper ion capture from water.

178 ion unit and one-electron redox reaction per copper ion mechanism is demonstrated.

179 Copper ions are needed for several hallmarks of cancer.

180 of the electrochemical uptake and release of copper ions from natural seawater.

181 The copper cluster is formed by three copper ions located at the corners of a near-isosceles t

182 tics that are only active in the presence of copper ions, are effective bactericidal agents against M

183 by exchanging the potassium surface ions for copper ions.

184 nes encoding metal ion transporters, such as copper, iron and zinc transporters were upregulated and

185 calculations to study an inexpensive binary copper-iron catalyst for photoelectrochemical CO(2) redu

186 demyelination, providing clear evidence of a copper-iron connection in CZ-induced neurotoxicity.

187 Compared with noble metals, copper is a relatively earth-abundant and cost-effective

188 Copper is a required micronutrient for bacteria and an e

189 Yet, excess copper is extremely toxic, and is exploited as a bacteri

190 A convenient strategy for sensing copper is to utilize its catalytic ability.

191 ides a theranostic pair with the therapeutic copper isotope (67)Cu.

192 Hormonal and copper IUDs have significantly different effects on the

193 sis for levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs versus copper IUDs.

194 Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, and zinc con

195 dative stress, we examined whether chelating copper leads to disruption of molecules involved in iron

196 through homeostatically controlled cellular copper levels and copper-dependent enzymatic activities

197 Copper levels are known to be elevated in inflamed and m

198 Here we show that intratumoral copper levels influence PD-L1 expression in cancer cells

199 tress, both of which involve metal ions like copper, manganese and iron.

200 centrations of 5 essential minerals (cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc), 4 metals with

201 ontinuous graphene network architecture in a copper matrix through thermal-stress-induced welding bet

202 Es have been incorporated into rotaxanes via copper-mediated active metal template Glaser or Cadiot-C

203 (18)F-OF-NB1 was synthesized via copper-mediated radiofluorination and was evaluated in W

204 This copper-mediated reaction operates on short timescales (f

205 the corresponding 1,2-diboronic esters via a copper-mediated reaction with sodium azide.

206 , as well as conducting indium-tin oxide and copper metal.

207 and electrolyte gels; conductive polymer and copper microwire current collectors; and an encapsulatin

208 Herein, a high-nuclearity copper nanocluster with 81 copper atoms, formulated as [

209 Copper nanoclusters are a new class of nanomaterials tha

210 the way for the synthesis of high-nuclearity copper nanoclusters.

211 show that CO binding is strengthened at the copper/nanodiamond interface, suppressing CO desorption

212 study sheds light on structurally unexplored copper nanomaterials and paves the way for the synthesis

213 In this work, iron and copper nanoparticles have been grown on polyurethane sup

214 gen and phosphorus excretion rates more than copper nanoparticles, but overall, both nanoparticles le

215 assembly of nitrogen-doped nanodiamonds and copper nanoparticles.

216 tomic-level view of the crystal structure of copper nanoparticles.

217 Copper nanostructures are promising catalysts for the el

218 Herein, we study a model system of copper nanowires with various degrees of silver modifica

219 we report the synthesis of bimetallic nickel-copper (NiCu) alloy nanoparticles confined in a sp(2) ca

220 noparticles via underpotential deposition of copper on a gold substrate followed by in situ redox rep

221 zes heavily on periphyton, exposed to either copper or gold engineered nanoparticles for 6 months in

222 s of the bimetallic active sites in the heme-copper oxidases are reviewed.

223 Heme-copper oxidases are transmembrane enzymes involved in ae

224 Accompanied by the variation in surface copper oxidation state and local electronic structure of

225 ducting indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) and copper oxide, as well as conducting indium-tin oxide and

226 Subsequently, copper (oxide) nanoparticles provided a large number of

227 hydrogen atom abstraction from chitin by the copper-oxyl intermediate are the main energy barriers.

228 lt templated 3 wt% GNP draped 20 um diameter copper particles with exceedingly high wicking rates com

229 ize of the copper particles, ratio of GNP to copper particles, and process parameters to generate a v

230 c study was conducted by varying size of the copper particles, ratio of GNP to copper particles, and

231 t the same as that of a standard 35 um thick copper patch antenna at about 15% of its thickness and 7

232 recursor, (P-Se)+Cu, and 2) the synthesis of copper phosphide, Cu(3) P, nanoparticles and subsequent

233 anic memristive synapse formed of monochloro copper phthalocyanine, which remains operational and cap

234 iginating from the zinc oxide excitation and copper plasmonic excitation serve to activate surface ad

235 sociative zinc oxide band-gap excitation and copper plasmonic excitation that can cooperatively promo

236 (137)Cs via the autodepostion of silver on a copper plate.

237 g field due to the important biological role copper plays as a trace metal.

238 This is more critical for copper since copper pollution is hazardous both for the environment a

239 y (PRIT) based on a pair of radioisotopes of copper: positron-emitting copper-64 ((64)Cu, t (1/2) = 1

240 hene-like nanosheets grown on the surface of copper powders.

241 Implementation of these helical copper precatalysts in the hydrosilylation of 1-(4-nitro

242 ar P(4) Se(3) and subsequent reaction with a copper precursor, (P-Se)+Cu, and 2) the synthesis of cop

243 dinium ylide-directing group is employed for copper-promoted chalcogenation of sp(2) C-H bonds with a

244 s-cobalt-mediated hydrogen-atom transfer and copper-promoted radical cyanation-to accomplish highly e

245 -induced switching of conductance via a blue copper protein azurin mutant, N42C Az, with a nearly 10-

246 We have recently reported a red copper protein site within a three helical bundle scaffo

247 Blue copper proteins have a constrained Cu(II) geometry that

248 was present in serum nor urine except a new copper-pyroporphyrin a accumulated in a few livers.

249 whose gene frequently occurs in clusters of copper resistance genes and can be recognized by the pre

250 nd stronger acclimation response compared to copper rockfish.

251 tes Environmental Protection Agency Lead and Copper rule data can contribute to guiding future legisl

252 The Lead and Copper Rule requires utilities to take action if the 90(

253 ormed by intercalation of chlorophyll sodium copper salt into a melamine-based supramolecular precurs

254 thesis and assembly of 1.2 nm sulfur-bridged copper (SB-Cu) clusters with tertiary hierarchical compl

255 Because the formation of binary copper selenide impurities seemed to form more readily,

256 ting can also function as an electrochemical copper sensor enabling real-time monitoring of the elect

257 ction on three model electrocatalysts (i.e., copper, silver, and tin).

258 Some other metal nanoparticles, such as copper, silver, gold, and platinum, do not have the effe

259 lays important roles in cells' resistance to copper/silver, and they belong to the two-component syst

260 This is more critical for copper since copper pollution is hazardous both for the

261 The atomic interface configuration of the copper site in S-Cu-ISA/SNC is detected to be an unsymme

262 ing protein CopC share a similar mononuclear copper site.

263 This is based on evaluating mixtures of copper sources, ancillary ligands, and bases in differen

264 ociated with the different surface charge of copper species, as determined by zeta potential measurem

265 We find that copper stress leads to a cellular protein concentration

266 These findings suggest that disordered copper structures facilitate C-C bond formation from CO(

267 in nanoarrays electrochemically deposited on copper substrate as an example, here we demonstrate a st

268 be altered by applying a bias voltage to the copper substrate.

269 The copper sulfide crystal structure plays a key role in the

270 onferred tolerance to high concentrations of copper sulphate, and in certain cases in the order of 16

271 covalent bonds between molecular carbon and copper surface atoms.

272 gas through two-photon photoemission from a copper surface in vacuum.

273 ifferent aspect ratio (height to width) on a copper surface tuned the SEY of the surface and reduced

274 dioxide (CO(2) ) and carbon monoxide (CO) on copper surfaces, with the assumption that higher OH(-) c

275 Copper, the most widely used biocide in antifouling pain

276 as an ideal "glue" robustly bridging tin and copper to survive harsh cycling conditions in sodium ion

277 derivatives, leading to the delivery of the copper to the beta-position.

278 that the small molecule elesclomol escorted copper to the mitochondria and increased cytochrome c ox

279 To evade copper toxicity, bacteria not only control intracellular

280 to loss of function and, thereby, to hepatic copper toxicosis in Wilson disease.

281 me pathway, suggesting that their well-known copper transport activity is involved.

282 nism for elucidating molecular mechanisms of copper transport and homeostasis.

283 breast cancer cell migration via coordinated copper transport in the ATP7A-LOX axis.

284 between the major copper influx transporter copper transporter 1 (CTR-1) and PD-L1 expression across

285 Because silencing of the copper transporter ATP7A also reduced cell migration, th

286 Pathogenic mutations in the copper transporter ATP7B have been hypothesized to affec

287 The introduction of copper tunes the d-band electron configuration and enhan

288 at about 15% of its thickness and 7% of the copper weight.

289 nal chemical elements such as lead, iron, or copper were also identified, and the resulting chemical

290 uantities of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper were slightly higher than labeled but not to an a

291 : nitrogen affects transport of ions such as copper, whereas potassium targets the organization of ot

292 alloying practice (primary) using very pure copper, whereas the lower elites only had access to bron

293 Emissive compounds of earth-abundant copper with equivalent performance are desired for pract

294 nzes made by secondary alloying practice and copper with more impurities.

295 mproving the partial oxidation properties of copper zeolites.

296 to quantify essential trace elements (iron, copper, zinc and iodine) and establish their speciation

297 divalent metals in drinking water including copper, zinc, iron, and manganese.

298 eratively promote methanol-production at the copper-zinc oxide interfacial perimeter of copper/zinc o

299 e copper-zinc oxide interfacial perimeter of copper/zinc oxide/alumina (CZA) catalyst.

300 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a homodimeric