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1 han 37 000 variants from sources of ClinVar, Cosmic, 1000 Genomes, ExAC, IntOGen, cBioPortal and IntA
2 data-download systems, new functionality in COSMIC-3D allows exploration of mutations within three-d
3 , silicon, iron, and calcium) are present in cosmic abundances, with only small grain-to-grain variat
6 at a redshift of z = 9.6 +/- 0.2 (that is, a cosmic age of 490 +/- 15 million years, or 3.6 per cent
7 tribution of the first stars at redshift 20 (cosmic age of around 180 million years), incorporating a
8 laxies (where the bulk of stars formed) at a cosmic age of less than about 500 million years (z less,
9 galaxies seem to be abundant at such a young cosmic age, suggesting that they may be the dominant sou
12 e occupationally exposed to higher levels of cosmic and UV radiation than the general population, but
13 ns in human cancer has now been curated into COSMIC and while this is continually updated, a greater
14 he Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), we est
15 he Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) and the spatial information in the Protein Data
18 ackground typically consists of terrestrial, cosmic, and cosmogenic radiation that may cause false po
19 sphere; they are inconsistent with volcanic, cosmic, anthropogenic, lightning, or authigenic sources.
21 on today, will demonstrate the presence of a cosmic background of hard X-rays at that early time.
22 ost-galaxy environments(11), and we derive a cosmic baryon density of [Formula: see text] (95 per cen
27 ong the ~700 cancer-related sequences in the COSMIC Cancer Gene Census, 178 sequences are predicted t
29 ely 470 million years ago one of the largest cosmic catastrophes occurred in our solar system since t
30 om the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and the COSMIC Cell Lines Project to three renal cancer subtypes
31 o produce ionization." Ionizing radiation in cosmic chemistry includes high-energy particles (e.g., c
33 tifies 15% redundant indels in dbSNP, 29% in COSMIC coding, and 13% in COSMIC noncoding datasets acro
34 ore redundant indels in dbSNP; 2,118 more in COSMIC coding, and 553 more in COSMIC noncoding indel da
37 (n = 29) versus without (n = 38) detectable COSMIC ctDNA mutations at baseline was 407 days versus 8
39 ble for ionization of the Universe after the cosmic 'Dark Ages', when the baryonic matter was neutral
43 on for approximately 10 000 mutations in the COSMIC database, the method does well in assigning highe
46 Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database ctDNA mutations were detected in 65% (4
49 ination, provide a direct measurement of the cosmic density of ionized baryons in the intergalactic m
53 This review discusses the magnitude of the cosmic dust input into the earth's atmosphere, and the r
56 , soil erosion, eolian dust, sea-salt spray, cosmic dust, volcanic emissions, and for helium, hydrody
57 c, and cosmic materials, yet consistent with cosmic ejecta, supporting the hypothesis of extraterrest
58 in agreement with the accumulation rates of cosmic-enriched elements (Ir, Pt, Os and super-paramagne
59 d Strelka obtained the largest proportion of COSMIC entries as well as the lowest rate of dbSNP prese
60 ay between dark and luminous matter in dense cosmic environments, such as galaxy clusters, is studied
61 cured to unobscured quasars as a function of cosmic epoch up to z congruent with 3 and show that a si
63 scovered hundreds of galaxies at these early cosmic epochs, but their star-formation rates are more t
67 e of evidence supports the hypothesis that a cosmic event occurred at Abu Hureyra ~12,800 years ago,
69 emanates from a variety of sources, such as cosmic events, particle accelerators, nuclear reactors a
70 e constraint on the primordial abundance and cosmic evolution of lithium that is not susceptible to t
71 the Big Bang, and traces 13 billion years of cosmic evolution with 12 billion resolution elements in
72 city is the line-of-sight departure from the cosmic expansion and arises from gravitational perturbat
74 d arrivals of the supernova images probe the cosmic expansion rate, as well as the distribution of ma
75 rnovae good 'standard candles' for measuring cosmic expansion, but a correction must be applied to ac
76 be derived from the subtraction of the mean cosmic expansion, the product of distance times the Hubb
79 ess, having a mutational status according to COSMIC, followed by the construction of PCa Interactome
80 ate that the highest-mass systems retain the cosmic fraction of baryons, a natural consequence of whi
81 tion gamma-ray bursts are intense flashes of cosmic gamma-rays, lasting less than about two seconds,
82 pha emission, discovered during a survey for cosmic gas fluorescently illuminated by bright quasars a
83 This is based on the assumption that the cosmic gas was heated by stellar remnants-particularly X
85 tations such as the 1000 Genomes project and COSMIC give an opportunity to investigate general princi
86 he Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), GraphPAC identifies new mutational clusters in
87 mic features has become a significant focus; COSMIC has begun curating full-genome resequencing exper
88 C risk prediction after exposure to high-LET cosmic heavy ion radiation exposure is hindered due to s
89 levated natriuretic peptides enrolled in the COSMIC-HF trial (Chronic Oral Study of Myosin Activation
90 ions in the total production of photons over cosmic history and may contain faint, extended component
91 based and space-borne telescopes have probed cosmic history from the present day to a time when the U
93 their centres, are the relics of a period in cosmic history when galaxies formed stars at remarkable
95 ast 20 years have revolutionized our view of cosmic history, transforming our understanding of how th
97 y galaxies probably induced a major event in cosmic history: the reionization of intergalactic hydrog
98 ically evaluate our current understanding of cosmic ice energetic processing which likely leads to th
100 somatic mutation-ceRNA events from TCGA and COSMIC; (iii) 112 674 CNV-ceRNA events from TCGA; (iv) 6
101 YDB objects with melt products from a known cosmic impact (Meteor Crater, Arizona) and from the 1945
102 ounger Dryas impact hypothesis posits that a cosmic impact across much of the Northern Hemisphere dep
103 en invigorated by a hypothesis implicating a cosmic impact at the Allerod-Younger Dryas boundary or Y
104 raters, and its presence strongly supports a cosmic impact event, further strengthened by its co-occu
106 mpelling evidence to accept the claim that a cosmic impact occurred approximately 12,800 y ago and ca
107 episode known as the Younger Dryas (YD) is a cosmic impact or airburst at the YD boundary (YDB) that
108 egafaunal extinction possibly triggered by a cosmic impact over North America at approximately 12,900
111 n Database, recurrent somatic variation from COSMIC in the context of different cancers, as well as d
112 omic information recently updated to GRCh37, COSMIC integrates many diverse types of mutation informa
113 0(6) non-synonymous mutations extracted from COSMIC, involving ~8000 genome-wide screened samples acr
114 e of mutations in cancer, the information in COSMIC is curated by expert scientists, primarily by scr
115 bers of genomic rearrangements in cancer and COSMIC is now displaying details of these analyses also.
117 he catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) is the largest public resource for information o
119 ticle formation experiments performed at the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at the European
120 ow, in experiments performed with the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN, that
122 we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting fro
123 The microspherules were explained as either cosmic material ablation or terrestrial ejecta from a hy
124 ith anthropogenic, volcanic, authigenic, and cosmic materials, yet consistent with cosmic ejecta, sup
125 ich are expected to be representative of the cosmic matter content of the universe (baryons and dark
126 The apparent baryon fraction exceeds the cosmic mean at larger radii, suggesting a clumpy distrib
127 an a millikelvin) that marks the rise of the cosmic mean gas temperature above the microwave backgrou
130 t is consistent with values derived from the cosmic microwave background and from Big Bang nucleosynt
131 ons, which manifest in the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background and the large-scale correlat
132 -ray binaries-to temperatures well above the cosmic microwave background at that time (about 30 kelvi
134 a vital role across a range of systems: from cosmic microwave background polarization to superconduct
136 teristic imprints in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background, or later with direct space-
142 s in dbSNP, 29% in COSMIC coding, and 13% in COSMIC noncoding datasets across all human chromosomes,
143 2,118 more in COSMIC coding, and 553 more in COSMIC noncoding indel dataset in addition to the ones r
147 vey of the outskirts of 42 galaxies with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Tel
149 he Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC), QuartPAC is able to identify clusters which are
150 ure higher levels of radiation from galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and the possibility of a large so
153 ue opportunity to reconstruct the history of cosmic radiation and solar activity over many millennia.
157 Of particular concern is the potential for cosmic radiation exposure to compromise critical decisio
160 ion will result in an inevitable exposure to cosmic radiation that has been shown to cause cognitive
162 e and male astronauts, including exposure to cosmic radiation, microgravity, increased gravity (hyper
165 enous thromboembolism and long-haul flights, cosmic-radiation exposure, jet lag, and cabin-air qualit
167 ang nucleosynthesis (BBN) depend only on the cosmic ratio of baryons to photons, a quantity inferred
169 er risk is an important concern for galactic cosmic ray (GCR) exposures, which consist of a wide-ener
171 er began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment
175 The small intensity gradient of Galactic cosmic ray helium indicates that either the gradient is
176 hat for the processes studied, variations in cosmic ray intensity do not appreciably affect climate t
178 ned inside the heliosphere, the intensity of cosmic ray nuclei from outside the heliosphere abruptly
179 For data pretreatment, we developed a unique cosmic ray removal method and used an automated baseline
180 e large difference in nuclear recoil loss of cosmic ray spallation products (3)He and (21)Ne enabled
183 a were obtained by exploiting the negligible cosmic-ray background deep underground at the Laboratory
184 ent was a major contributor to the increased cosmic-ray density in the Galactic Centre, and is in tur
185 The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest cosmic-ray detector on Earth, and as such is beginning t
186 Herein, the formation of glyoxylic acid via cosmic-ray driven, non-equilibrium chemistry in polar in
187 volts per nucleon and an increasing galactic cosmic-ray electron intensity down to ~10 x 10(6) electr
191 paper we review the observables generated by cosmic-ray interactions with the interstellar medium, fo
192 rge amounts of warm molecular gas(5), a high cosmic-ray ionization rate(6), unusual gas chemistry, en
195 anisotropy maps of ground-based high-energy cosmic-ray observatories (Milagro, Asgamma, and IceCube)
202 nyl alcohol (C2H3OH) act as key tracers of a cosmic-ray-driven nonequilibrium chemistry leading to co
204 700 years ago), based on new measurements of cosmic-ray-produced beryllium and aluminium isotopes ((1
205 iving interstellar chemistry via ionization, cosmic rays also interact with the interstellar medium i
206 on of high-energy (tera-electron volts, TeV) cosmic rays and diffusive propagation from supernova sou
207 ssess the damage caused to such materials by cosmic rays and neutrons, which pose a variety of hazard
208 nsoon connection is dominated most likely by cosmic rays and oceanic circulation (both associated to
209 orbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian
212 rse, demands a mechanism for ionization, and cosmic rays are the ideal candidate as they can operate
213 at hundreds to thousands of eV and galactic cosmic rays at tens of TeV has wide-ranging implications
216 istance does not greatly exceed the distance cosmic rays can diffuse over this time, 1 kiloparsec.
217 expectations, the extragalactic component of cosmic rays contributes substantially to the total flux
218 from environmental radioactive materials and cosmic rays contributes to this observed difference.
220 he detection of supernova-produced (60)Fe in cosmic rays implies that the time required for accelerat
221 It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they mer
226 y support the idea that the bulk of galactic cosmic rays is accelerated in such remnants by a Fermi m
228 on that could inflict damage by accelerating cosmic rays that can deliver ionizing radiation for up t
229 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stella
231 Iron-60 ((60)Fe) is a radioactive isotope in cosmic rays that serves as a clock to infer an upper lim
232 va remnants (SNRs) hint that they accelerate cosmic rays to energies close to ~10(15) electron volts.
234 uare centimetre for air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(17.5) electronvol
235 Measurements of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies of 10(17)-10(18) electronvolts
236 g nucleosynthesis, interactions of energetic cosmic rays with interstellar matter, evolved low-mass s
237 mistry includes high-energy particles (e.g., cosmic rays) and high-energy photons (e.g., extreme-UV).
239 i's classic result on the energy spectrum of cosmic rays, with the universal exponent -2, which is in
241 les us to determine the mass spectrum of the cosmic rays: we find a mixed composition, with a light-m
242 s have had an important role in the epoch of cosmic reionization and the chemical evolution of early
243 f the interstellar medium in galaxies during cosmic reionization are important for understanding the
244 approximately 2), galaxies vigorously fed by cosmic reservoirs are dominated by gas and contain massi
247 s pointed towards APOBEC deaminase activity (COSMIC signature 2) and DNA mismatch repair (COSMIC sign
248 n the Polzeta translesion polymerase, yields COSMIC signature 3 observed in BRCA1/BRCA2-mutant breast
249 o common treatments, but the contribution of COSMIC signature 3 to base substitutions, or a combined
251 Presence of this class of mutation, termed COSMIC signature 4, is responsible for the increased bur
252 tion, we show that another mutation pattern, COSMIC signature 5, is positively associated with age in
254 e highly enriched for ClinVar pathogenic and COSMIC somatic missense variants (Mann-Whitney U test P
257 n otherwise typical S-type micro-porphyritic cosmic spherule containing relict olivine (Fo76-90, Cr(2
258 we show that the FeNi metal in the resulting cosmic spherules was oxidized while molten, and quench-c
266 ctors, magnetic flux tubes, liquid crystals, cosmic strings, and DNA is the phenomenon of reconnectio
267 According to the current understanding of cosmic structure formation, the precursors of the most m
268 has been remarkably successful in explaining cosmic structure over an enormous span of redshift, but
269 count the milestones in our understanding of cosmic structure; summarize its impact on astronomy, cos
272 the dynamo excitation of magnetic fields in cosmic systems; (ii) its bearing on the existence of Eul
275 xies during the first three billion years of cosmic time (redshift z > 4) indicate a rapid evolution
278 rise and fall of star formation over 95% of cosmic time, back to the current observational frontier
281 ion of extragalactic magnetic fields through cosmic times (up to microgauss levels reported in nearby
282 rophysical conditions and remain stable over cosmic timescales, giving unique insights on their exist
284 lly on highly characterized drugs and genes, COSMIC v78 contains wide resistance mutation profiles ac
286 We find that the baryon fraction reaches the cosmic value near the virial radius for all groups and c
288 alyses of YDB spherules suggest they are not cosmic, volcanic, authigenic, or anthropogenic in origin
289 , but reside throughout the filaments of the cosmic web (where matter density is larger than average)
290 a and constrain the net magnetization of the cosmic web along this sightline to <21 nanogauss, parall
295 smic structures have broadly reproduced the 'cosmic web' of galaxies that we see in the Universe, but
296 rse predict that galaxies are embedded in a 'cosmic web', where most baryons reside as rarefied and h