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1 uspended within a conductive loop (reference/counter electrode).
2 ve, while a platinum (Pt) wire served as the counter electrode.
3 ode (r = 13 microns) and a Ag/AgCl reference/counter electrode.
4 electrode, and charge neutralization at the counter electrode.
5 charge separation process, the gap, and the counter electrode.
6 the substrate as the sole by-product at the counter electrode.
7 using a printed reference electrode with no counter electrode.
8 scence emission of a species produced at the counter electrode.
9 rogen is formed as a benign byproduct at the counter electrode.
10 ctrode placement by obviating the need for a counter electrode.
11 arbon (EC-GC) which plays a dual role as HTM/counter electrode.
12 otentiostat, with the bioanode acting as the counter electrode.
13 only 206 mV overpotential using a carbon-rod counter electrode.
14 exclusion anion-exchanger membrane reference/counter electrode.
15 by 15.8% compared to standard platinum (Pt) counter electrode.
16 to the reaction flask without separating the counter electrode.
17 silver pseudo-reference electrode and a gold counter electrode.
18 red in human whole blood using an IEDEM as a counter electrode.
19 A lithium sheet was used as the counter electrode.
20 ing the membrane as both the working and the counter electrode.
21 r even when it is completely shadowed by the counter electrode.
22 he nonmodified gold fiber could serve as the counter electrode.
23 cell without generation of any products at a counter electrode.
24 ing SiO(2) film) that served as a capacitive counter electrode.
25 sitivity similar to an array with integrated counter electrodes.
26 th electrolyte solution, and quasi-reference counter electrodes.
27 ting nanospray interfaces with funnel shaped counter electrodes.
28 ted gold film working, pseudo-reference, and counter electrodes.
29 After optimization of the photo-anode and counter electrode, a photoelectric conversion efficiency
30 ration with physically separated working and counter electrodes, allowing true potentiometric titrati
31 hylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) counter electrode - also serving as the channel of an or
32 nd growth of silver nanoparticles in the ITO counter-electrode, altering the optical extinction respo
33 m gaps, interspersed with an 800 microm wide counter electrode and 400 microm wide passive conductor,
35 microfluidic chamber with a steel metal shim counter electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode for el
36 ical sensing system that included a platinum counter electrode and enzymatic glutamate sensing electr
37 ighly concentrated pomegranate dye, graphite counter electrode and TiCl4 treatment of the photo-anode
38 ode arrays, each consist of shared reference/counter electrodes and 3 working electrodes has been use
39 working electrode, in conjunction with a Pt counter-electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode, movin
40 ed graphite anode, lithium metal foil as the counter electrode, and 1.2 M lithium hexafluorophosphate
41 ing electrodes (0.78 mm(2) each), an iridium counter electrode, and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode pat
42 inum disk working electrode, a platinum disk counter electrode, and a low-leakage Ag/AgCl reference e
43 ap between the spray needle aperture and the counter electrode, and charge neutralization at the coun
46 esigned using two bare pins as reference and counter electrodes, and a carbon-ink coated pin as worki
47 nter electrodes, using printed reference and counter electrodes, and using a printed reference electr
50 magnitude at longer distances away from the counter electrode, but these same solutions show lower p
55 z) ac waveform applied between the tip and a counter electrode causes the resistive heating of the su
57 tructure near the working electrode (WE) and counter electrode (CE) was higher than at other location
58 WE) and SERS substrate, a microfabricated Pt counter electrode (CE), and an external Ag/AgCl referenc
59 (working electrode, WE), a printing nozzle (counter electrode, CE) and a pseudoreference electrode (
60 uctive membrane to separate the working- and counter-electrode compartments enables the quantificatio
61 cell design, reference electrode selection, counter electrode concerns, and working electrode prepar
63 ong the channel (between the working and the counter electrodes) contribute, in part, to the lack of
64 the relative placement of the reference and counter electrodes (e.g., placed at the same or the oppo
65 that any polarization of the quasi reference counter electrodes, electro-osmotic effects, and perturb
66 rporates a silver-based SERS substrate and a counter electrode, enabling online electrochemical SERS
67 hemical analysis of the VO(2)(M)/C nanofiber counter electrode exhibits significant electrocatalytic
68 hile, the bifunctional B-NCNT is used as the counter electrode for a fiber-shaped dye-sensitized sola
69 and use of low-cost VO(2)(M) as an alternate counter electrode for DSSCs to achieve a substantial eff
70 ) nanofiber (VO(2)(M)/C) as a cost-effective counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
71 ocatalytic applications, i.e., as a low-cost counter electrode for I(3)(-) reduction in dye-sensitize
72 control of the potential and, is some cases, counter electrode for the compensation of the current.
73 ce electrode and the use of shared reference/counter electrodes for the array, in order to obtain a s
74 ric field between the copper substrate and a counter electrode has significant impacts on the growth
76 rement system consists of three electrodes-a counter electrode held at highly negative potential that
78 aphy, voltages of 0.0 to 0.3 volts (versus a counter electrode in a two-electrode cell) can drive cha
79 nded to normal metals which can be used as a counter electrode in AFMTJs with a single antiferromagne
80 -GSH NCs is used as the photoanode with a Pt counter electrode in aqueous buffer solution (pH = 7), w
81 e commonly used Ag/AgCl wire quasi-reference counter electrode in the miniaturized electrochemical ce
82 on of a bias applied between quasi-reference counter electrodes in the nanopipette and bulk solution,
86 e, coated with a silver film, serving as the counter electrode, is wrapped around the first wire.
87 er the tip and the substrate, or the tip and counter electrodes, is shown to increase proportionally
88 working electrodes inside the channel and a counter electrode located in the channel outlet reservoi
89 or stimulating electrode, SE, and a distant counter electrode made it possible to stimulate the redu
90 implementing this ideal configuration at the counter electrode of a potentiostatic setup, it is final
92 s as both an optical filter and a conductive counter-electrode of the rear dye-sensitized solar cell.
93 tential of 1.5 V was applied to the membrane/counter electrode pair, the percent of dead bacteria was
94 are appealing because they provide a stable counter-electrode potential and typically avoid interfer
95 hich the potential between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) in an electrolyte-filled nanopi
96 by an applied bias between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) in the nanopipette and a second
97 n oscillating bias between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) in the SICM nanopipet probe and
98 SICM bias applied between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) in the SICM nanopipette probe a
99 ng a harmonic bias between a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE) placed in a nanopipet tip of a
100 s electrolyte solution and a quasi-reference counter electrode (QRCE), to which a potential is applie
102 illed barrels, equipped with quasi-reference counter electrodes (QRCEs), in the end of a tapered micr
104 such a system, we studied the effect of the counter electrode reaction on the recorded generator cur
105 orientation aligned out-of-plane toward the counter electrode represents an optimal strategy for uti
106 ilms (serving as the working, reference, and counter electrode, respectively) deposited by sputtering
107 nd shields serving as integrated working and counter electrodes, respectively, each with a nanoscale
108 uter shields serve as integrated working and counter electrodes, respectively, exhibiting a nanoscale
113 ctrode, the arrays with shared reference and counter electrodes result in faster electron transfer ki
114 of the electrospray current collected by the counter electrode shows close correlation to the cone de
115 ting processes, while the noncapacitive zinc counter electrode simplifies the mechanistic picture of
116 , we introduced an on top array of immersive counter electrodes that are individually addressed by a
117 ly integrated internal Ag film served as the counter electrode, the redox couple species were regener
118 Tested in cells with lithium metal as the counter electrode, these electrodes deliver ~200 mAh/g w
120 : using commercially available reference and counter electrodes, using printed reference and counter
121 ode by diazonium electroreduction, while the counter electrode was directly evaporated on top of the
123 entials, versus Ag/AgCl reference and carbon counter electrodes, was facilitated by hydroquinone-medi
124 microm) together with on-chip reference and counter electrodes were fabricated using standard photol
125 r, and the same Ag/AgCl reference and carbon counter electrodes were shared with another piece of squ
127 tection zones each with shared reference and counter electrodes were used for SWASV and SWCSV, respec
128 de plastic propeller placed above a toroidal counter-electrode which provided axial thrust up to 288.
129 ntial difference between the working and the counter electrodes, which in galvanic mode would provide
130 e function are demonstrated by modifying its counter electrode with a poly (vinylidene fluoride)/ZnO
131 rotecting them, as well as the reference and counter electrodes, within insulated-earthed containers.