ライフサイエンスコーパス: cracking

1 e free surface into the liquid, resulting in cracking.

2 ance, and resistance to environmental stress cracking.

3 me, and stress generation leads to pervasive cracking.

4 o occur at channel intersections relative to cracking.

5 esulting in domain structure, hysteresis and cracking.

6 ture-directing agent (SDA) to avoid membrane cracking.

7 preserved without any sign of separation or cracking.

8 s, cratering, material ejection, melting and cracking.

9 find no evidence of static stress corrosion cracking.

10 olysilicon does not undergo stress corrosion cracking.

11 acterized by ejection of material and radial cracking.

12 intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.

13 s elemental Fe crossover and reduces cathode cracking.

14 re field failures in the form of outer layer cracking.

15 e call this phenomenon "sideways" and stable cracking.

16 their high susceptibility to solidification cracking.

17 g to leaf death, impaired recovery, and stem cracking.

18 ue to lithium dendrite formation and cathode cracking.

19 interfacial nanowires to retard penetrating cracking.

20 n-dependent transition from TB sliding to TB cracking.

21 lastic flow) back to the surface, leading to cracking.

22 fectively suppress the formation of particle cracking.

23 on/delithiation due to phase aggregation and cracking.

24 t introduces drawbacks such as intergranular cracking.

25 process for ethylene produced through steam cracking.

26 y continue these activities while others are cracking.

27 pproach for hydrogen production from methane-cracking.

28 e mixture, which is a byproduct of crude oil cracking.

29 s is required if they are to be resistant to cracking.

30 rythema (51%; 18), petechiae (40%; 14), skin cracking (43%; 15), scabbing (46%; 16), scarring (66%; 2

31 ch as meteoroid bombardment(6,7) and thermal cracking(8), Bennu and Ryugu lack extensive areas covere

32 tress is known to result in stress-corrosion cracking, a key failure mechanism in fossil fuel and nuc

33 s into gasoline-range alkanes through tandem cracking-alkylation at temperatures below 100 degrees C.

34 n cracking from the contact zone, and margin cracking along side walls.

35 For central cracking (an earlier transition state), DeltaHintdouble

36 d the actual contribution of thermocatalytic cracking and a quantification of individual precursor fr

37 Cracking and alkylation are facilitated by carbenium ion

38 stead, the rates for the tandem processes of cracking and alkylation are primarily governed by the ra

39 o infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that the cracking and alkylation processes occur synchronously; a

40 Both jointly control the relative rates of cracking and alkylation, thereby determining the overall

41 ealed cultural differences in the use of nut-cracking and ant-dipping tools.

42 e of high-speed fracture in stress-corrosion cracking and are directly applicable to the behaviour of

43 nderstanding how aqueous solutions influence cracking and associated device reliability is a fundamen

44 macroscopic skin damage such as chapping and cracking and associated inflammation, infection, scarrin

45 al crack opening and healing during multiple cracking and autonomous repair cycles at a temperature o

46 , causing undesirable side reactions such as cracking and coke formation.

47 h the bark [1], resulting in persistent bark cracking and deep air pockets, potentially allowing path

48 re on the kinetics of n-butane monomolecular cracking and dehydrogenation are investigated for eight

49 ivity, per unit mass of catalyst) in propane cracking and dehydrogenation compared to the catalyst pr

50 gger and DeltaSintdouble dagger for terminal cracking and dehydrogenation decrease for a given channe

51 Concurrently, selectivities to terminal cracking and dehydrogenation decrease relative to centra

52 Turnover rates for monomolecular cracking and dehydrogenation of propane and n-butane dif

53 le cations in H-MFI and on the monomolecular cracking and dehydrogenation reactions of n-butane.

54 Monomolecular alkane cracking and dehydrogenation turnovers occurred with str

55 y or use planar films that cause problems in cracking and delamination during flexing or heating.

56 es of a variety of sizes and shapes used for cracking and digging.

57 could not accommodate large strains without cracking and dilation.

58 ese small, brittle objects that are prone to cracking and disintegration.

59 Our study reiterates the roles that cracking and disorder can play in functional molecular m

60 ulphur during lithiation, which will lead to cracking and fracture of the protective shell.

61 bers from 1-week-old adults show more severe cracking and frayed myofibrils with some disruption of t

62 mphasizing the role of H traps in minimizing cracking and guiding new alloy design.

63 injection moulding, in which solidification cracking and hot tearing are also common issues.

64 isomerization, olefin alkylation, reforming, cracking and hydrocracking.

65 lloidal crystal and minimizes the associated cracking and inhomogeneities of the resulting inverse op

66 Butadiene is a product of petroleum cracking and is produced on an enormous scale (about 12

67 ylation can prevent the activation loop from cracking and keep the alphaC helix in an active-like con

68 ction between intergranular stress corrosion cracking and microstructure.

69 re structural materials must be resistant to cracking and oxidation.

70 ctivity for sulfur oxidation and hydrocarbon cracking and reforming, as well as enhanced water adsorp

71 e ranges between the loads to initiate first cracking and to cause final failure, implying damage-tol

72 the selectivities to dehydrogenation versus cracking and to terminal cracking versus central crackin

73 ther published reports on handedness for nut-cracking and wadge-dipping and found task-specific diffe

74 because of their extensive use in petroleum cracking and water softening.

75 astic deformation above critical loads P(C) (cracking) and P(Y) (yield), depending on sphere radius,

76 reactions, such as dry reforming of propane, cracking, and coking, preserving a stable stoichiometric

77 e a material's mechanical strength, suppress cracking, and consequently benefit cyclability.

78 ings included scalloping appearance, mucosal cracking, and redness of mucosa.

79 materials exhibit significant intragranular cracking, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

80 Mechanical integrity issues such as particle cracking are considered one of the leading causes of str

81 and kinetics of C(3)H(8) dehydrogenation and cracking are examined over Ga/H-MFI catalysts prepared v

82 s occur synchronously; alkenes formed during cracking are rapidly incorporated into the carbenium ion

83 bit a martensitic transformation but fail by cracking at low strains and after only a few applied str

84 ing associated with intensive but controlled cracking at manganese-enriched prior-austenite grain bou

85 arify the physical origin of the TBs-related cracking at the atomic level of gamma"-strengthened Ni-b

86 e mode of all-ceramic restorations is radial cracking at the cementation surface, from occlusally ind

87 dehydrogenation decrease relative to central cracking because DeltaSintdouble dagger decreases for th

88 A statistical study of the cracking behavior as a function of crystal orientation i

89 , approximately 50%) by the enhanced thermal cracking behavior, and the ultimate fates of these speci

90 stress patterns but significantly different cracking behaviors and cycling performances: 95% capacit

91 ide the Li dendrites with a stress-corrosion-cracking behaviour, indicating that Li(0) cannot be pass

92 Data from 3,882 oil-palm nut-cracking bouts from >800 h of observation were collected

93 tabilities of sheets, such as blistering and cracking, break the homogeneity of shape and stress simu

94 stress magnitude may be sufficient to cause cracking, but there is insufficient strain energy for th

95 We conclude that nut-cracking by adults can promote the development of sustai

96 ains, Guinea) to test whether chimpanzee nut cracking can be individually (re-)innovated.

97 jor evolutionary patterns in convergent bone-cracking canids and hyaenids.

98 Product selectivity of alkane cracking catalysis in the H-MFI zeolite is investigated

99 roposed method using a spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (SFCC), a by-product from the oil indu

100 Concrete cracking caused by corrosion of reinforcement could sign

101 change in the branching ratio between C2/C3 cracking channels is found upon inclusion of post-transi

102 tane) are initially produced by irreversible cracking chemistry, but, as thermal maturity increases,

103 tools enable novel conceptual approaches to 'cracking circuits' in this important model organism.

104 LiMO2 electrode particle, with the extent of cracking correlated to the magnitude of the size change,

105 moisture effects on long-time deformations, cracking damage, and fracture in concrete infrastructure

106 Milestoning network analysis of E929 cracking determined that the mean first-passage time ran

107 Veneer cracking did depend on adhesive thickness.

108 cal modulus mismatch (CMM), below which ring cracking dominates irrespective of the indenter size.

109 concrete, a material that is susceptible to cracking due to a variety of causes, such as shrinkage,

110 eans to keep 3D-printed single crystals from cracking due to unrelieved residual stress, or stress-re

111 idate the failure mechanisms, solidification cracking during arc welding of steel are investigated in

112 Ways to control film cracking during deposition and heat treatment and why ma

113 Bone-cracking ecomorphologies in Carnivora were used as a cas

114 shear-band proliferation with cavitation and cracking effectively obstructed.

115 s that demonstrate a propensity for sideways cracking, even in an isotropic material.

116 levels revealed that initial single-residue cracking events (Psi > 90 degrees ) at loads <100 pN wer

117 C(3)H(8) dehydrogenation and cracking exhibit first-order kinetics with respect to C(

118 ight on the mechanics of inclination to ring cracking exhibited by structural biomaterials but are of

119 ture toughness, which ultimately lead to the cracking failure.

120 archical fracture networks, where sequential cracking favors formation of T junctions.

121 Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the major conversion technologi

122 ucture of a whole individual fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particle at high spatial resolution and i

123 micrometer-sized, real-life fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particle.

124 catalysis, particularly for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC).

125 less often for the other symptoms (bleeding, cracking, flaking, oozing/weeping and sleep disturbance;

126 alytic activity and longevity in hydrocarbon cracking for propylene production.

127 rate an increase in the resistance to radial cracking for zirconia relative to alumina and for alumin

128 pressing the grain growth and grain boundary cracking found while deforming the reference TiZrNbHf al

129 Cracking from a fine equiaxed zone (FQZ), often just ten

130 inal modes of cracking were observed: median cracking from the contact zone, and margin cracking alon

131 crystallization if rewarming is too slow or cracking from thermal stress if rewarming is not uniform

132 king and to terminal cracking versus central cracking, generally increased.

133 g (Highly efficient and Accessible system by CracKing genes into the genome) for the assembly of mult

134 Radial cracking has been identified as the primary mode of fail

135 e-quarters of a century ago, fluid catalytic cracking has been one of the most important conversion p

136 d for presence of a char layer, heat induced cracking, heat related alterations in cells or tissue ma

137 dergoes sequential cleavage, while trends in cracking ideality and selectivity follow those in short-

138 hibit improved catalytic activity for cumene cracking in comparison to mordenite crystals prepared vi

139 he hypothesis that critical loads for radial cracking in crown-like layers vary explicitly as the squ

140 Ductility-dip cracking in Ni-based superalloy, resulting from heat tre

141 on, in sharp contrast with the intergranular cracking in the aragonite platelet of nacre.

142 later and looser transition state, than for cracking in the case of both propane and n-butane; there

143 Cracking in the Li2MnO3.LiMO2 electrode particle under o

144 e of the shell, which provides for 'channel' cracking in the outer layers and uncracked structural fe

145 ss is promising for the replacement of steam cracking in the production of ethylene.

146 such joining can withstand subsurface radial cracking in the veneer, from enhanced flexure in occlusa

147 intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in this alloy system.

148 At 5 nm and below, cracking in TiN was suppressed and post mortem measureme

149 ch as pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, in the presence of aggressive chlorides.

150 ive centers for C(3)H(8) dehydrogenation and cracking, independent of the Ga/Al ratio.

151 Fluid catalytic cracking is a chemical conversion process of industrial

152 Solidification cracking is a key phenomenon associated with defect form

153 tent with the hypothesis that chimpanzee nut cracking is a product of social learning.

154 Here, we demonstrate how cracking is affected by aqueous solution chemistry, and

155 reduced, and the damage caused by electrode cracking is alleviated.

156 The rate-determining step for cracking is C-C bond attack of the same propyl fragment

157 Below a critical thickness, cracking is not observed and grazing incidence X-ray dif

158 roducts, whose synthesis via crude oil steam cracking is one of the most energy-intensive processes i

159 This form of stress-corrosion cracking is responsible for the well-known 'season crack

160 esult, we successfully mitigate the particle cracking issue in Ni-rich cathodes via rational concentr

161 For overcoming the intergranular-cracking issue in polycrystals, single-crystals are cons

162 also display a net-like pattern of seed coat cracking, known as the Net defect.

163 Cracking leads to a counterintuitive catalytic effect of

164 Cracking leads to mechanical degradation of fibre-reinfo

165 ion, whereas ligand-protein interactions and cracking (local unfolding) are more important during NMP

166 Furthermore, the brittle cracking mechanism is proposed for the graphene with 5-8

167 cidating general theoretical ideas about the cracking mechanism, these studies also emphasize how the

168 These two fundamentally different cracking mechanisms uncover a new toughening strategy in

169 rate control of mechanical properties of the cracking medium including thickness, geometry, and elast

170 including alkylation of aromatics, catalytic cracking, methanol-to-hydrocarbon processing, dehydratio

171 Here, a combined on-chip tension and cracking method, and associated data reduction scheme ha

172 cluded abundant landslides, pervasive ground cracking, microfracturing of surficial hillslope materia

173 esults demonstrate that the onset of others' cracking nuts immediately prompts young monkeys to start

174 eys learning a traditional tool-using skill, cracking nuts using stone hammers.

175 Young monkeys practice components of cracking nuts with stones for years before achieving pro

176 When others stop cracking nuts, young monkeys sustain the uncommon action

177 h nuts before, during, and following others' cracking nuts.

178 explored (n = 11) the experiments but no nut cracking occurred.

179 We suggest that Martian directional cracking occurs due to the preferential propagation of m

180 Local unfolding, or cracking, occurs in regions where the elastic stress bec

181 o be an important factor in stress corrosion cracking of Al-Mg alloys.

182 paper presents a new type of process for the cracking of ammonia (NH3) that is an alternative to the

183 hanism in which both the dehydrogenation and cracking of C(3)H(8) proceed over Ga/H-MFI via reversibl

184 at it is a product of kinetically controlled cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons.

185 ctile layers on increasing the resistance to cracking of nanoporous glass layers is demonstrated.

186 ils, sparse hair, and painful thickening and cracking of palms and soles.

187 eneous zeolite catalysts (e.g. for catalytic cracking of petroleum, partial oxidation of natural gas)

188 enzaldehyde and hydroxyacetophenone, and the cracking of polystyrene.

189 the mechanism of progressive thermocatalytic cracking of precursors compared to previously reported c

190 ion force for the whole process of corrosion cracking of reinforcement.

191 n size, via liquation assisted transgranular cracking of semi-solid globular microstructures.

192 ematical similarity between theories for the cracking of solids induced by differential drying or by

193 he discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the cracking of the genetic code took place within weeks of

194 ectrode phases during charge that results in cracking of the Li2MnO3.LiMO2 electrode particle, with t

195 isolines have unusual defects that result in cracking of the mature seed coat exposing the endosperm

196 ence of the non-uniform implantation, caused cracking of the nano-samples induced by local stresses a

197 ion prior to drying to prevent shrinkage and cracking of the object.

198 salt phases, which eliminates intra-particle cracking of the single-crystal cathode material.

199 nt temperature they become strained although cracking of thicker films is observed, which allows the

200 Two-day-old fibers have occasional "cracking" of the crystal-like array of myofilaments.

201 ng is responsible for the well-known 'season cracking' of brass and stainless steel components in nuc

202 n external binding pose and local unfolding (cracking) of the aG helix are observed.

203 We also find a partial unfolding (cracking) of the binding motifs occurring at the transit

204 whose quality is often vulnerable to, e.g., cracking on the crystals by introducing organic molecule

205 perform work on the dimeric clamp, probably cracking one dimer interface open.

206 A new study identifies vibrations of eggs cracking open as the cue that triggers synchronous emerg

207 (1c) exhibit dramatic mechanical effects by cracking or bending with the release of N(2).

208 post-swelling removal, without the hydrogel cracking or crumbling.

209 h allow accommodating plastic strain without cracking or localized brittle fracture, are crucial for

210 F-ASA is exceptionally reactive in cracking (or pyrolysis) reactions of neat polymer melts.

211 than its N-terminal domain (nCaM), reveals "cracking" or local partial unfolding during the open/clo

212 eam melting are unacceptable (e.g., prone to cracking), or, after solutionizing heat treatment, recry

213 material properties, circumferential surface cracking, orthogonal microcracking in laminated sublayer

214 f the rate of dehydrogenation to the rate of cracking over Ga/H-MFI is independent of C(3)H(8) and H(

215 H(2) inhibits both dehydrogenation and cracking over Ga/H-MFI via reaction with [GaH](2+) catio

216 Concrete is susceptible to cracking owing to drying shrinkage, freeze-thaw cycles,

217 the key role leading to a mixed-mode II-III cracking phenomenon before appreciable wear.

218 of archipelago motifs and the occurrence of cracking/polymerization reactions are central in the pro

219 les in the control of pathogens, water loss, cracking, postharvest shelf-life, and brightness.

220 The ITD had an inspiratory cracking pressure of -7 cm H2O.

221 ted with an impedance threshold device, with cracking pressures from 0 to -20 cm H2O.

222 lustrate such an approach by solving the hot cracking problem, using the commercially important IN738

223 licate zeolite catalysts utilized in the oil cracking process at refineries.

224 tretchability is attributed to the two-stage cracking process induced by the synergy of micro-voids a

225 ite.Catalyst deactivation in fluid catalytic cracking processes is unavoidably associated with struct

226 challenges in understanding a broad range of cracking processes, in part because they are so difficul

227 rtant in industry, particularly in catalytic cracking processes.

228 onmentally friendly alternative to oil-based cracking processes.

229 Pt(100) generated more decarbonylation "cracking" product while Pt(111) had a higher selectivity

230 dihydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, and the ring-cracking products butanol and propylene.

231 with exothermic alkylation reactions of the cracking products enables full conversion of polyethylen

232 se materials has been limited by accelerated cracking rates in moist environments leading to prematur

233 Because cracking reaction rates are not affected by the presence

234 article Pt/CeO(2) samples favor the C-C bond cracking reaction.

235 Condensation and cracking reactions were obtained for both ketones under

236 tion intermediates, which leads to secondary cracking reactions, especially for catalysts with narrow

237 ity in benzene hydride-transfer and n-hexane cracking reactions.

238 Cracking reduces the durability of concrete structures,

239 e change as Li, thus it undergoes continuous cracking/reformation during plating/stripping cycles.

240 recipitation strengthening design to counter cracking related degradation and improve high-voltage cy

241 s result is in harmony with the picture that cracking relieves local stresses caused by conformationa

242 ress, the impact of frost heave force on the cracking resistance significantly increases, while the i

243 st strongly for dehydrogenation and terminal cracking, resulting in increased selectivity to these re

244 stress potentially plays a principle role in cracking rocks on portions of the Martian surface.

245 al industries, are produced mainly via steam cracking route.

246 alloys can be sensitive to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) through anodic dissolution and hydrogen e

247 wash, enzymatic digestion, first fixation, 'cracking', second fixation, (optional) Proteinase K (Pro

248 s on the propylene/ethylene (P/E) ratio as a cracking severity factor were also discussed.

249 nintentional flaked stone assemblages at nut-cracking sites, leaving behind a record of tool use and

250 However, cracking still occurs in those compounds and has been id

251 /v = 2/1) relevant to that in the industrial cracking stream.

252 n, whereas the observation of strain-induced cracking suggests mechanical degradation in the material

253 material, the development of NaNH2-based NH3 cracking systems may promote the utilization of NH3 for

254 We compared the acquisition of the Panda nut-cracking technique between Mbendjele foragers from the R

255 atment strongly impaired water-induced fruit cracking tested by two different assays, and this effect

256 higher resistance to wear-induced damage and cracking than amalgam.

257 se of an alternative selection for seed-coat cracking that also enables seed imbibition.

258 Corrosion can initiate cracking that leads to structural integrity reduction.

259 ovide a hypothesis on the origin of sideways cracking that relates to microstructural anisotropy (in

260 ng side reactions, such as isomerization and cracking, that are detrimental to selectivity.

261 orders of magnitude higher and for C(3)H(8) cracking, that is 1 order of magnitude higher than the c

262 For cracking the 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, Hybrid Zeolites

263 Cracking the bioelectric code will have transformative i

264 t concentrate in what has been described as "cracking the orthographic code." Although the challenge

265 e world's languages complicates the task of "cracking the orthographic code." Frost suggests that ort

266 Cracking the selectivity-generality paradox is among the

267 eveals a hitherto unknown function of DTD in cracking the universal mechanistic dilemma encountered b

268 g a universal model of reading necessitates "cracking" the orthographic input code.

269 We find that after only 500 microm of cracking, the driving force for crack propagation was mo

270 This transgranular liquation cracking (TLC) occurs at very low contact stresses (betw

271 ped and unswapped conformation that utilizes cracking to bypass the unfolded basin.

272 ons is much stronger than the preference for cracking to occur at these locations.

273 tion of uniaxial stress evolves from brittle cracking to system-spanning diffuse breaking.

274 Specifically, cracking-to-dehydrogenation ratios for propane and n-but

275 motion that is dynamically sampled after the cracking transition state causes spilling of the metasta

276 Cracking transition states for n-pentane lead to a metas

277 orphology is proposed to quantify the pit-to-cracking transition.

278 stretching, typically fail via uncontrolled cracking under a relatively small strain (~30%), which r

279 ponsive wrinkle patterns that do not exhibit cracking under applied strain.

280 nzees did not individually (re-)innovate nut cracking under ecologically valid conditions.

281 omically detailed simulations of coiled-coil cracking under load with Milestoning.

282 sounds to awareness, such as that of a twig cracking under the paw of a stalking predator in a noisy

283 f petroleum refinery fluidized-bed catalytic cracking units.

284 hell walls were observed to undergo physical cracking upon exposure to the triggering conditions.

285 ade malleable materials, microdamage such as cracking usually limits material lifetime.

286 ydrogenation versus cracking and to terminal cracking versus central cracking, generally increased.

287 Ice formation and cracking was avoided through optimized convective coolin

288 onstrated for a silicate glass, and multiple cracking was observed as a forewarning of the final fail

289 Core radial cracking was relatively independent of adhesive thicknes

290 This novel phenomena of controlled cracking was used to fabricate sophisticated nano/micro

291 ant differences in critical loads for veneer cracking were observed for specimens containing alumina

292 Two longitudinal modes of cracking were observed: median cracking from the contact

293 ermal pathways by revealing zones of thermal cracking where cold sea water extracts heat from hot cru

294 iciently high indentation load, through ring cracking which is more localized and hence less destruct

295 the magma chamber as a zone of hydrothermal cracking, which suggests that hydrothermal circulation m

296 logy between freezing damage and desiccation cracking, which we anticipate being useful for developin

297 imulated transitions is local unfolding, or "cracking," which supports a prediction of energy landsca

298 tes (=Fe(3+)-O(H)-Si=) contribute to propane cracking with increasing Fe/Al(0) ratios.

299 ture application but generally fail by early cracking with limited plasticity at room temperature, wh

300 ynthesis, m-xylene isomerization, and cumene cracking) with better performance than state-of-the-art