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1 display premature fusion of the bones in the cranial base.
2 ein Six2 in the growth and elongation of the cranial base.
3 oid and sphenooccipital synchondroses at the cranial base.
4 rich matrix to stabilise the jaw against the cranial base.
5 scles, intrude into the otherwise mesodermal cranial base.
6   Operative trajectories created through the cranial base, although technically demanding, have led t
7                      Bones in the vertebrate cranial base and limb skeleton grow by endochondral ossi
8 ent in Kif3a in cartilage and focused on the cranial base and synchondroses.
9        Cephalometric superimpositions on the cranial base and tantalum implants confirmed these quant
10         No such effect was observable in the cranial base and the cranium.
11 nied by structural adjustments to the vault, cranial base, and face.
12 d on nonhoning canine teeth, a foreshortened cranial base, and postcranial characters related to facu
13 to environmental stress, especially anterior cranial base, and suggest a potential link between psych
14  form derive from a combination of shifts in cranial base angle, cranial fossae length and width, and
15 s displaced and flipped over position on the cranial base anterolateral to the foramen magnum.
16                                          The cranial base appears to be a skeletal structure in which
17                           Long bones and the cranial base are both formed through endochondral ossifi
18 ain factors restricting Six2 function to the cranial base are tissue-specific transcription of the ge
19 height (basion-bregma) and the length of the cranial base (basion-nasion) and the dimension of the su
20 fication was delayed in much of the Ihh(-/-) cranial bases but, surprisingly, was unaffected most pos
21                    Whereas the growth of the cranial base cartilage is thought to be regulated solely
22  as a potential congenital cause of anterior cranial base defects in humans.
23 al mice deficient in Ihh in cartilage; their cranial base defects only minimally resembled those in K
24 s of primary cilia and hedgehog signaling in cranial base development and chondrocyte maturation, and
25  Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is essential for cranial base development and synchondrosis growth plate
26 d primary cilia make unique contributions to cranial base development and synchondrosis growth plate
27 quired but the molecular network controlling cranial base development is distinct from that in the tr
28  multiple processes during synchondrosis and cranial base development, including growth plate zone or
29                      To study their roles in cranial base development, we created conditional mouse m
30       In the absence of Shh, the presumptive cranial base did not undergo chondrogenic commitment as
31 udy was to determine whether the form of the cranial base differs between prepubertal Class I and Cla
32        It is concluded that the shape of the cranial base differs in subjects with Class III malocclu
33                                 The Ihh(-/-) cranial bases displayed reduced growth and chondrocyte p
34 mirror-image growth plates, are critical for cranial base elongation and development.
35 ror-image growth plates and are critical for cranial base elongation, but relatively little is known
36                                          The cranial base exerts a supportive role for the brain and
37             KMT2D mutant chondrocytes in the cranial base fail to properly differentiate, leading to
38 r from farmed foxes largely in terms of less cranial base flexion, relatively expanded cranial vaults
39 gth of the sphenoid, the central bone of the cranial base from which the face grows forward.
40 ct-related stress is associated with reduced cranial base growth in children, particularly in females
41                      Kif3a deficiency caused cranial base growth retardation and dysmorphogenesis, wh
42 ent, morphogenesis and tissue origins of the cranial base have not been studied in detail in the mous
43 lvarial growth and frontal suture formation, cranial base hypoplasia due to aberrant chondrogenesis a
44      Here we examined the development of the cranial base in chick and mouse embryos to compare the m
45 it did not reduce the relative length of the cranial base in comparison with total skull length.
46 ature synchondrosis closure in the spine and cranial base in human cases of homozygous achondroplasia
47                      The significance of the cranial base in the development of Class III malocclusio
48          Immunohistochemical analysis of the cranial base in transgenic embryos showed reduced staini
49                               The vertebrate cranial base is a complex structure composed of bone, ca
50                Reorganization of the central cranial base is among the earliest morphological markers
51                     The synchondrosis in the cranial base is an important growth center for the crani
52                                          The cranial base is essential for integrated craniofacial de
53                                          The cranial base is the growth center of the neurocranium.
54 normally demonstrating that induction of the cranial base is uncoupled from formation of the sensory
55 on the lengths of the anterior and posterior cranial base, maxilla, and mandible in healthy children
56 ifference: 3.37 mm, p = 0.008) and posterior cranial bases (mean difference: 2.92 mm, p = 0.005).
57 anges in the growth plates of the Longshanks cranial base, mirroring changes observed in its tibia.
58                       Results indicated that cranial base morphology differed statistically for all a
59 performed for localization of differences in cranial base morphology.
60 likely accounting for why development of the cranial base occurs after the axial skeleton.
61                              We compared the cranial base of newborn Pax7-deficient and wildtype mice
62 n in ramus height, body length, and anterior cranial base orientation.
63  palate, mandible hypoplasia and deficits in cranial base ossification.
64 nces in morphology occurred in the posterior cranial base region, which generally consisted of horizo
65 ients with CMD tend to have a short anterior cranial base, short upper facial height, and short maxil
66 eir outcomes to those of a standard anterior cranial base superimposition technique.
67 rved that developmental abnormalities of the cranial base synchondroses involving proliferative chond
68                     We hypothesized that the cranial base synchondroses play a key role in the develo
69 ter is highly active at the cranial sutures, cranial base synchondroses, and nasal septum.
70 hondral bone growth and premature closure of cranial base synchondroses.
71 ment, and we hypothesized that they regulate cranial base synchondrosis development and growth.
72 icient orthocephalization, or failure of the cranial base to flatten during development.
73 ginous incus of the middle ear, abutting the cranial base to form a cranio-mandibular articulation.
74 also examine the tissue origins of the mouse cranial base using a neural crest cell lineage cell mark
75                            Mutant post-natal cranial bases were deformed, and their synchondrosis gro
76 chanisms that co-ordinate development of the cranial base with that of the cranial musculature and th
77 differentiation is abnormal in the Six2-null cranial base, with reduced proliferation and increased t