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1 sport of charged molecules through the plant cuticle.
2 lipids in the leaves or the thickness of the cuticle.
3 fleshy fruit is typically covered by a thick cuticle.
4 nge of micro- and nanoarchitectures on their cuticle.
5 umol L(-1) and deformation of the protective cuticle.
6 water to penetrate and thus wet their setose cuticle.
7 yer spacing during the sclerotisation of the cuticle.
8 rganic carbon, interstitial water, and plant cuticle.
9 ticle belts separated by smooth, or 'naked', cuticle.
10 e interactions between the cell wall and the cuticle.
11 epidermal wall: a singular wall covered by a cuticle.
12 ets and through adherence to its hydrophobic cuticle.
13 ts fail to cease molting or produce an adult cuticle.
14 ss through P cells to connect the muscles to cuticle.
15 like particles in the cell wall close to the cuticle.
16 ermis during developmental remodeling of the cuticle.
17 ses-behavior that is also independent of the cuticle.
18 are constituents of the wax fraction of the cuticle.
19 different cell types, and production of the cuticle.
20 mponents while rendering a mechanically weak cuticle.
21 e with distinct chemical compositions of the cuticle.
22 t to be dominated by its collagen-rich outer cuticle.
23 in regions, the medulla, the cortex, and the cuticle.
24 age in the early origin and evolution of the cuticle.
25 the plant's outermost defensive barrier, the cuticle.
26 ition within and between the surfaces of the cuticle.
27 ed structures, such as cell walls and insect cuticle.
28 petals form distinctive nanoridges in their cuticles.
29 ia and infection cushions) to penetrate host cuticles.
30 ransport barriers compared with typical leaf cuticles.
31 gid cuticles, but not in soft and membranous cuticles.
32 important step in the study of higher plant cuticles.
33 s localized near the boundaries between hair cuticles.
36 ticipate in the elaboration of the embryonic cuticle, a barrier essential for embryo-endosperm separa
37 er surface of aerial parts is covered by the cuticle, a complex lipid layer that constitutes a barrie
42 aining embryos, even late-stage embryos with cuticles, allowing characterization from early embryogen
43 rmal cells in land plants are covered by the cuticle, an extracellular hydrophobic layer that provide
46 BH4-deficient mutants also have a fragile cuticle and are generally hypersensitive to exogenous ag
48 spines of jumping froghoppers perforated the cuticle and epidermal cell walls, and wounds could be vi
49 ed the spatial deformation of the organism's cuticle and force response to controlled uniaxial indent
50 w a certain resemblance to Annelida in their cuticle and gut [3, 4]; however, both lack primary annel
52 rmed by the polymerization of Si beneath the cuticle and in the cell walls was the first proposed hyp
53 he sheath is deposited outside the embryonic cuticle and incorporates endosperm-derived material rich
54 TAGL1 significantly increased the amount of cuticle and most of its components while rendering a mec
55 r between membranes in vitro, play a role in cuticle and possibly in suberin formation, and might be
56 inated nature of the changes observed in the cuticle and the epidermal cell wall indicate a deep inte
57 pproach was taken to identify changes in the cuticle and the main components of the epidermal cell wa
58 s including a denser layer of setae on their cuticle and the prevalence of smaller cuticular hydrocar
61 correlation between the PAH concentration in cuticles and the epicuticular wax content was found.
62 y covered over by a continuous fusion of the cuticle, and consequently plants have decreased levels o
63 ungal germination and pre-penetration of the cuticle, and cuticle penetration/hemocoel ingress and pr
65 atG1 expression was highly induced during on-cuticle appressoria development as compared to vegetativ
66 free, chemically specific confocal images of cuticle architecture with simultaneous characterization
72 oscopy revealed significant modifications to cuticle assembly and suggested SlMIXTA-like to regulate
73 nship between epidermal cell development and cuticle assembly in the context of fruit surface, we inv
74 alysis of the expression of several putative cuticle-associated genes and by gravimetric and microsco
75 ngo cuticle biogenesis and identify putative cuticle-associated genes, we analyzed the transcriptomes
77 palaeo-LMA can be inferred from fossil leaf cuticles based on a tight relationship between LMA and c
78 en 8 and 12 hpi, and penetrated the nematode cuticle between 12 and 24 hpi for C. elegans L2 and betw
79 presence of an additional, web-like layer of cuticle between the median and cortical layers of the in
83 Moreover, genes involved in cell wall and cuticle biosynthesis are constitutively down-regulated i
85 The MpSBG9 functions as a key regulator of cuticle biosynthesis by preferentially regulating expres
86 ponse to drought, the hormonal regulation of cuticle biosynthesis during organ ontogeny is poorly und
87 richment revealed a repression of lignin and cuticle biosynthesis genes in russeted exocarps, concomi
88 Our results identify a regulatory module of cuticle biosynthesis in maize that is conserved across m
90 irmness, cuticle load, and the expression of cuticle biosynthetic genes, while reducing cuticle perme
91 ations revealed that trichomes do not have a cuticle but are covered with a pectin-rich cell wall lay
92 expressed in the epidermis that produces the cuticle but in the sub-epdiermal hepatocyte-like oenocyt
94 s reflected the permeances of their isolated cuticles, but this did not correlate with various measur
96 al characteristics and the properties of the cuticles, chitin, and chitosan were investigated in this
98 rming could drive selection of ants based on cuticle colour, altering assemblage structure and potent
100 t the pathway leading to biosynthesis of the cuticle component, cutin, is up-regulated during overrip
101 as a significant decrease in the content of cuticle components (cutin, waxes, polysaccharides, and p
103 he synthesis and deposition of a hydrophobic cuticle, composed of cutin and waxes, which is criticall
106 ransform infrared spectroscopy revealed that cuticle composition changed significantly after washing
107 moss Physcomitrella patens exhibit abnormal cuticle composition, suggesting an ancestral role for PH
108 yB2 double mutants of maize exhibit abnormal cuticle composition, supporting the predictions of our c
113 to gpat6-a mutants had an impaired cell wall-cuticle continuum and fewer stomata, but showed increase
114 staining confirmed the damages and decreased cuticle coverage caused by washing and extended storage.
119 lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broad translucent cuticle (cyp77a6 and dcr mutants); and an electron-opaqu
120 rally prefigured Dermestes PRG RNAi-mediated cuticle defects, an organized region with high mitotic a
121 urally occurring hair-cortex degradation and cuticle delamination is increased in fibers with increas
122 this study that both cuticle deposition and cuticle-dependent leaf permeability during the juvenile
125 n, revealing a complex continuous pattern of cuticle deposition during fruit development and involvin
126 links cutin monomers, contributes to massive cuticle deposition during the early stages of the cell e
127 the cellular level, TWS1 is responsible for cuticle deposition on epidermal cells and organization o
128 nd by gravimetric and microscopic studies of cuticle deposition, revealing a complex continuous patte
130 ta and seed formation, TAGL1 participates in cuticle development and lignin biosynthesis inhibition.
132 rticipates in the transcriptional control of cuticle development mediating the biosynthesis of cuticl
133 isplays a dynamic, proximodistal gradient of cuticle development, from the leaf base to the tip.
134 ines) promotes significant changes affecting cuticle development, mainly a reduction of thickness and
135 ing that this transcription factor regulates cuticle development, probably through the biosynthetic a
137 ific cuticular compounds present on the host cuticle during the early stages of fungal infection.
138 yogenesis, seed development and germination, cuticle formation and epidermal patterning, vascular dev
139 ions in the ascorbic acid pathway leading to cuticle formation and that NOG2-related genes were co-op
140 of epidermal cell layers, on whose activity cuticle formation depends, were altered when TAGL1 was e
141 ddress the hypothesis that ABA also mediates cuticle formation during organ development, we assessed
142 date, the study of chitin deposition during cuticle formation has been limited by the lack of a meth
144 we assessed the effect of ABA deficiency on cuticle formation in three ABA biosynthesis-impaired tom
145 spectively; loss of TG3 crosslinking in hair-cuticle formation leads to uncombable hair syndrome; the
146 et genes of FDL1, including many involved in cuticle formation, drought response and cell wall organi
150 uggest dual roles for ABA in regulating leaf cuticle formation: one that is fundamentally associated
151 ndependent due to physical separation of the cuticle from DBL-1-expressing cells in the ventral nerve
152 ciple, we used SRS microscopy to analyze the cuticles from a variety of plants at different times in
159 of these immediate early genes encodes naked cuticle homolog 1 (NKD1), which is a repressor of canoni
160 s identified the downregulation of the naked cuticle homolog 2 (NKD2) gene, a negative regulator of W
161 omplex and inhomogeneous structure of insect cuticle imposes stringent requirements on approaches to
162 ng between the exposure medium and the plant cuticle in the bioconcentration of these compounds.
164 us richardsonii flowers, which have a ridged cuticle in the proximal region and a smooth cuticle in t
166 all disassembly, the importance of the fruit cuticle in water relations and firmness has been suggest
168 , which incorporates the possible effects on cuticle integrity, energetic metabolism and immune respo
169 The solution was the development of a waxy cuticle interrupted by epidermal pores, known as stomata
174 reased production of Mr-OPY2 protein on host cuticle is achieved by expression of a transcript varian
175 to wood, we hypothesized that the ovipositor cuticle is augmented with inorganic elements, which coul
177 oss by transpiration through the hydrophobic cuticle is ubiquitous in land plants, but the pathways a
178 he biochemical and biomechanical features of cuticles isolated from transgenic fruits; it also indica
180 ion to the cuticle layer, penetration of the cuticle layer, and subsequently digestion of its cellula
181 nematode trapping via hyphal adhesion to the cuticle layer, penetration of the cuticle layer, and sub
182 accumulated in some regions of the external cuticle layers, as "hotspots" in nonkeratinous portions
183 The need to adhere to and penetrate the host cuticle led to a selective radiation of surface proteins
184 d calculated an assemblage-weighted mean for cuticle lightness and body size for each vertical stratu
185 these macroecological hypotheses explaining cuticle lightness held at habitat and microclimatic leve
192 the Deltanmo2 mutant strain penetrated host cuticles like wild type, but invasive hyphal growth in r
197 rgoes laccase2-mediated cross-linking during cuticle maturation in vivo, a process confirmed in vitro
200 Epicuticular wax on the outer surface of the cuticle modifies reflectance and water loss from plant s
201 ium, which is used to breach the tough outer cuticle of a rice leaf, enabling the fungus entry to hos
202 structure-function relationship of the petal cuticle of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was invest
205 te the internal and external surfaces of the cuticle of Sorghum bicolor, an important drought-toleran
208 en and additionally showed that wounding the cuticle of the abdomen results in decreased expression o
211 affected mice showed ragged and dilapidated cuticle of the hair shaft (CUH, a hair anchoring structu
213 is the first report of metal deposits in the cuticle of true bugs (Hemiptera, >80,000 described speci
215 stinct feature in certain plant tissues, the cuticles of crabs, beetles, arthropods, and beyond.
216 tion barrier within the layered structure of cuticles of eight selected plant species and to put its
221 ures were linked to three different types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (
222 nt, including penetration peg formation, but cuticle penetration was unsuccessful due to reduced appr
224 tion and pre-penetration of the cuticle, and cuticle penetration/hemocoel ingress and proliferation.
225 f cuticle biosynthetic genes, while reducing cuticle permeability and fruit transpiration rate in AC
226 phenolic metabolism in moss erect growth and cuticle permeability, consistent with importance in plan
228 uced by epoxy replicas of petals with folded cuticles persist and induce iridescence in the original
229 iological systems, including mite and insect cuticles, pollen grains, fungal spores, and insect eggs.
231 gly, up-regulation of the pathway leading to cuticle production is accompanied by an abnormal cuticle
232 n electron-translucent layer adjacent to the cuticle proper, which is independent of DCR action.
236 supports a direct relationship between fruit cuticle properties, transpiration and firmness, and prov
237 ial surfaces of plants are covered by a waxy cuticle protecting plants from excessive water loss and
240 ferentially regulated gene families, such as cuticle proteins, were also significantly enriched for g
241 and surrounding regions of the dorsal thorax cuticle, providing tissue for subsequent modifications i
242 ological iridescence, produced by multilayer cuticle reflectors in jewel beetle (Sternocera aequisign
243 ver, genes involved in chitin metabolism and cuticle reorganization show categorically a consistent p
245 there is a new region in the cortex near the cuticle's boundary in which the IFs are aligned with the
251 cle production is accompanied by an abnormal cuticle structure and/or deposition in the adt3 mutant.
252 described as a cycad, but new evidence from cuticle structure suggests that it is an angiosperm.
254 compositions were less affected than in leaf cuticles, suggesting that ABA action influences cuticle
256 er layer of the shell adhere to the nematode cuticle, swarm over its body and fuse it to the inside o
257 volutionary steps in the early regulation of cuticle synthesis are still poorly understood, owing to
258 ncluding host 'questing', prolonged feeding, cuticle synthesis, blood meal concentration, novel metho
259 heir endosymbiont, particularly during adult cuticle synthesis, when endosymbiont load increases dram
260 (burs alpha and burs beta), responsible for cuticle tanning and other developmental processes in ins
262 and have anterior-ventral projections of the cuticle termed "cuticular inflations", which are thought
264 ions to the composite profile of the rostral cuticle that simultaneously enhance the flexibility and
265 demonstrable secondary calcification of lens cuticle that was initially chitinous has implications fo
268 ased on a tight relationship between LMA and cuticle thickness observed among extant gymnosperms.
269 type was observed in the mutant fruit, where cuticle thickness, composition, and properties were alte
271 on was accompanied by a dramatic increase in cuticle thickness, which represented more than half of t
272 Diverse scale nanostructures and non-uniform cuticle thicknesses create a heterogeneous distribution
276 xoskeletal materials (fish scales, arthropod cuticle, turtle shell) to endoskeletal materials (bone,
279 Examples include cell membranes, insect cuticle, vertebrate epidermis, feathers, hair and adhesi
280 localized anchorage of the epithelium to the cuticle via the apical extracellular-matrix protein Dump
282 tinguished by sequential extraction, and the cuticle was verified to be the dominant reservoir for th
283 present in the mealworm's (Tenebrio molitor) cuticles was obtained biotechnologically in one step of
285 icular hydrocarbons, which are important for cuticle waterproofing and mechanical stability in L. mig
287 y a suberin-containing periderm instead of a cuticle, we analyzed the suberin composition of crown ga
290 orial base(1-4), forcing it through the leaf cuticle where it elongates invasive hyphae in underlying
293 was more pronounced for the ridged/proximal cuticle, which is thicker and richer in epicuticular wax
294 lism, and controls the synthesis of the moss cuticle, which prevents desiccation and organ fusion.
295 prothoracic glands connected to pits in the cuticle, which, in related species, are diagnostic for p
297 ticular importance are structures that imbue cuticle with antiwetting properties, self-cleaning abili
299 sed on enzymatic digestion of the C. elegans cuticle with high-salt phase-separation of DNA has been
300 rent types of cuticle organization: a normal cuticle with nanoridges (lacs2 and pec1 mutants); a broa