ライフサイエンスコーパス: defence

1 calization of immune cells, to optimize host defence.

2 ease; and the roles of efferocytosis in host defence.

3 g vesicle trafficking, plant development and defence.

4 ifically exploited by phages for anti-CRISPR defence.

5 anical strength, water conduction, and plant defence.

6 tides (AMPs) as an effective chemical dermal defence.

7 V), suggesting a role of coilin in antiviral defence.

8 trigger immune signalling pathways for host defence.

9 evolutionary feedbacks that drive attack and defence.

10 mitochondrial apoptotic machinery in immune defence.

11 y conserved, latent aspects of anti-parasite defence.

12 detrimental to host immune surveillance and defence.

13 t metabolites that herbivores sequester as a defence.

14 cess promoting homeostasis and intracellular defence.

15 ences of spatial patterns in wildlife immune defence.

16 thetic stress with limited measures for self-defence.

17 between environmental conditions and immune defence.

18 a variety of traits related to antipredator defence.

19 onflict over investment in group territorial defence.

20 s to maintain effector recognition and mount defences.

21 liquid (ASL), thereby optimizing respiratory defences.

22 uts and outputs that contribute to antiviral defences.

23 n of the dynamical consequences of inducible defences.

24 amics with evolving, but non-inducible, prey defences.

25 evolved by the parasites to subvert its host defences.

26 ses can interfere with, or circumvent, these defences.

27 y and therefore influence selection for prey defences.

28 were compromised in both local and systemic defences.

29 h are known to be involved in host antiviral defences.

30 l for development, tissue repair, and immune defences.

31 discrete mucosal locations to steer mucosal defence(2,3).

32 y biased positions to promote effective host defence(2,3).

33 ry and secondary metabolites (e.g. growth vs defence); (2) secondary metabolites are one of the main

34 Camouflage is a key defence across taxa and frequently critical to survival.

35 hway, the trade-off between reproduction and defence affected population growth.

36 ) signalling resulting in trade-offs between defence against (hemi)biotrophic and necrotrophic pathog

37 the role of the endodermal barrier system in defence against a soil-borne pathogen.

38 Activation of the inflammasome provides host defence against aspergillosis(2,3), which is a major hea

39 functional cGAS-STING pathway in prokaryotic defence against bacteriophages.

40 olites are one of the main component of tree defence against bark beetles and associated microbes; an

41 pe VI CRISPR systems not only provide robust defence against DNA phages but also prevent outbreaks of

42 g malignant haematopoietic cell maintenance, defence against excessive reactive oxygen species and pr

43 tems (RMS) are one of the main mechanisms of defence against foreign DNA invasion and can have an imp

44 Neutrophils play a key role in defence against infection and in the activation and regu

45 t cascade is a major component of the immune defence against infection, and there is increasing evide

46 (PRRs) triggers the first line of inducible defence against invading pathogens(1-3).

47 RISPR-Cas systems in archaea and bacteria is defence against mobile genetic elements (MGEs), includin

48 es to reproduction have fewer to allocate to defence against parasites, reducing future fitness.

49 Monocytes and macrophages provide defence against pathogens and danger signals.

50 Inflammasomes are important for host defence against pathogens and homeostasis with commensal

51 ncluding adaptation to arid environments and defence against pathogens and toxins.

52 LR) immune receptors play a critical role in defence against pathogens in plants and animals.

53 Isoflavones are an important defence against pathogens in soybeans.

54 Innate immunity is the first line of host defence against pathogens.

55 d as an important mechanism underlying plant defence against pathogens.

56 ghlighting the importance of CRISPR-mediated defence against plasmids.

57 providing the host with a means of chemical defence against predation and microbial infection.

58 Three perioperative factors impair host defence against recurrence during cancer surgery: the su

59 cosylated peptide antibiotic, is a last-line defence against serious infections caused by staphylococ

60 ZBP1 mediates host defence against some viruses(6,7,9-14) by sensing viral

61 ated antiviral responses are central to host defence against viral infection.

62 cells that provides an important first-line defence against viral respiratory infections and has bee

63 ination of SA and JA/ET pathways to optimise defences against (hemi)biotrophic and necrotrophic patho

64 o examine whether host immune and microbiome defences against Bd correspond with infection risk and s

65 rine coastal ecosystems and exhibit systemic defences against pathogens.

66 Inducible defences against predation are widespread in the natural

67 he regulation of induced direct and indirect defences against spider-mite herbivory.

68 intact SA-signalling is required for potato defences against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Altern

69 nd not JA signalling, is required for potato defences against the necrotrophic pathogen A. solani.

70 rt the occurrence of acquired interbacterial defence (AID) gene clusters in Bacteroidales species tha

71 COs can also activate plant defence, although there are scarce data about CO product

72 ven the evolution of diverse adaptations for defence among prey, and one striking example is the deim

73 nthesis and degradation within chloroplasts, defence and ageing at leaf levels, nitrogen transfer and

74 scope of interactions that comprise indirect defence and associated ecological and evolutionary proce

75 on growth and whether trade-offs in chemical defence and demography alter population growth.

76 of fungal secondary metabolites in warfare, defence and development.

77 es are key regulators of the balance between defence and growth in plants.

78 t-level insights about the drivers of immune defence and help predict where environmental change may

79 However, increasing the variance in both defence and herbivory increased population growth.

80 e enteric ILC3s, intestinal homeostasis, gut defence and host lipid metabolism in mice.

81 encoded chloroplast genes during disease and defence and look at future research challenges.

82 ry can predict levels of resource transport, defence and mechanical support that operate at different

83 ivers of rhythms in traits underpinning host defence and parasite offence are largely unknown.

84 nt leukocytes is essential for antimicrobial defence and post-infection survival(1).

85 ine production as a means to dampen the host defence and promote viral pathogenesis.

86 ize genomic regions associated with indirect defence and provide a valuable resource for future studi

87 acknowledged to play important roles in host defence and tissue repair.

88 far-reaching consequences for immunity, host defence and tumorigenesis.

89 resources, which can drive the evolution of defence and virulence traits.

90 on of acute inflammation, higher antioxidant defences and adipokine regulation, linked to a decrease

91 Moreover, infected algal cells mount local defences and can directly eliminate the pathogen by xeno

92 ights into how parasitic weeds overcome host defences and could potentially contribute to the develop

93 is associated with ever-shifting virus-host defences and counterdefences.

94 and intestinal content that counteract host defences and help to accommodate and metabolize the rela

95 roxidation, indicating increased antioxidant defences and oxidative stress.

96 rategies to invade their hosts, evade immune defences and promote infection.

97 ar ubiquitin ligase complex to overcome host defences and promote virus production.

98 system has shown that sleep enhances immune defences and that afferent signals from immune cells pro

99 mucosal CD4(+) T cells at the first line of defence, and cytotoxic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells plus fu

100 ence of host taxonomy, host life stage, host defence, and host geographical distance on community ass

101 C. auris is a strong inducer of innate host defence, and identify possible targets for adjuvant immu

102 s critical for digestive physiology and host defence, and is often dysregulated in gastrointestinal d

103 y reproductive trade-offs as well as by host defences, and illustrate how cooperative and parasitic t

104 e physiological linkages among drought, tree defences, and insect outbreaks are still uncertain, hind

105 biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defences, and the activity of the respiratory electron t

106 The transcription of two dozen defence- and health-related genes correlates a nanoscale

107 s, reactor performance, nuclear medicine and defence applications.

108 Signals drawing attention to overt defences are difficult to fake whereas signals advertisi

109 derstanding the trade-off between growth and defence as the same TFs that activate defence responses

110 with the ozadene that play roles in chemical defence as well as antimicrobial activity.

111 ic stimuli and identifying the mechanisms of defence associated with them has thus far been challengi

112 Airway epithelium acts as an initial defence barrier to inhaled spores, orchestrating an infl

113 ese categories are based on whether indirect defences boost natural enemy abundance via food or shelt

114 broad benefits of trained immunity for host defence but has also suggested potentially detrimental o

115 The microbiota primes immune defences but the identity of specific commensal microorg

116 natural IgE antibodies support skin barrier defences, but that during chronic tissue inflammation th

117 ge-scale factors such as urbanization affect defence by changing environmental conditions.

118 ) influences cell expansion, development and defence by its involvement in type III peroxidase-mediat

119 ntified may facilitate selection of indirect defence by maize breeders.

120 lore altered energy metabolism and antiviral defence by tagged mitochondria selectively in virus-infe

121 motif (TRIM) proteins mediate antiviral host defences by either directly targeting viral components o

122 ies show that predators can learn about prey defences by observing the negative foraging experiences

123 t to fake whereas signals advertising covert defences can deceive would-be predators, and those actin

124 ts relationship with systemic anti-oxidative defence capacity in normal individuals versus those with

125 The rapid Defence Cascade (DC) response (startle, freeze) to sudde

126 These two orthogonal defence categorizations help to frame where dishonest si

127 ular symbionts as an understudied source for defence chemicals in the oldest-living metazoans and pav

128 ted by BREX, and its ability to overcome the defence could be complemented by Ocr provided in trans.

129 Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a critical immune defence cytokine that maintains intestinal homeostasis a

130 ration in fatty acids transport, antioxidant defence, cytoskeleton, and proteasome complex, which hav

131 ture and mechanism of a cOA-activated CRISPR defence DNA endonuclease, CRISPR ancillary nuclease 1 (C

132 cytokine IL-17A to regulate the vaginal host defences during infection.

133 ssed genes encoded proteins related to plant defence (e.g. a putative probenazole inducible protein),

134 fic resistance mechanisms as well as generic defences effective against both Ma549 and E. muscae.

135 The major antioxidant defence enzyme activities were largely stimulated by Si

136 ation of mitochondrial-specific anti-oxidant defence enzymes (MnSOD; P < 0.01).

137 Cyclic oligoadenylates in turn activate defence enzymes with a CRISPR-associated Rossmann fold d

138 nt, egg anchorage, mating, active or passive defence, etc.

139 d to protist grazers, resulting in increased defence fitness and survival.

140 bout the importance of these two arms of the defence for the ecology and evolution of prokaryotes and

141 Yponomeuta echoes anyway - advanced acoustic defences for a deaf moth.

142 CD8(+) T cells provide a critical defence from pathogens at mucosal epithelia including th

143 structural (n = 43, 28.29%) or innate immune defence functions (n = 39, 25.66%) and included vimentin

144 quently, loss of JMJ14 results in attenuated defence gene expression and reduced Pip accumulation dur

145 JMJ14 positively modulates defence gene expressions and Pip levels in Arabidopsis.

146 o establish the conditions in which indirect defence generates a plant-natural enemy mutualism.

147 n innate immune response by turning on viral defence genes and potentially expressing neoantigens.

148 induced H3K4me3 enrichment and expression of defence genes involved in SA- and Pip-mediated defence p

149 ng expression and H3K4me3 enrichments of key defence genes using qPCR and ChIP-qPCR.

150 y mechanisms enabling expression of the self-defence genes.

151 ranscription of microbe perception genes and defence genes.

152 is a master regulator of endogenous cellular defences, governing the expression of more than 200 cyto

153 le during acclimation to stress and pathogen defence, has received much attention, but the signal tra

154 ors that could generate spatial variation in defence, highlighting the need for large-scale studies t

155 But just how important is IFN-I to antiviral defence in humans?

156 key roles in germline development and genome defence in metazoans.

157 roteins mediate a previously unknown form of defence in response to infection, facilitating the relea

158 small-molecule ion channels can restore host defences in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia via a mecha

159 riation, have been less studied for chemical defences in general, and terpenes in particular.

160 rface liquid pH, and impair respiratory host defences in people with cystic fibrosis(1-3).

161 pposite consequences for direct and indirect defences in two genotypes.

162 Separating defences into overt and covert categories in this way an

163 While the mechanism of BREX defence is currently unknown, self versus non-self diffe

164 range of plant traits that mediate indirect defence is much greater than previously thought, and we

165 STING homologues encoded within prokaryotic defence islands, as well as a conserved mechanism of sig

166 c GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a first line of defence leading to the production of type I interferon (

167 ys plethora of mechanisms to hijack the host defence machinery for its successful survival, prolifera

168 an be mobilized as an effective tissue-level defence mechanism against cancer.

169 onatal pathogen represents an important host defence mechanism against infection in neonates.

170 the kairomone-induced adaptive anti-predator defence mechanism in maternal Daphnia and their offsprin

171 The lack of this defence mechanism in offspring could have dramatic negat

172 ammatory prostanoid is part of an endogenous defence mechanism to counteract CHD.

173 that in addition to its function as a plant defence mechanism, DNA methylation could have a role in

174 Serving as an innate defence mechanism, invading pathogens elicit a broad inf

175 onal immune-cell profiling to uncover innate defence mechanisms against C. auris.

176 for hire' that can also function as parts of defence mechanisms and are often shuttled between MGEs a

177 netic signals relating to key host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ d

178 rmine whether its competition-mediated plant defence mechanisms effect on wheat grain quality, wheat

179 (hypoxia) and the elaborate redox-signalling defence mechanisms that defend O(2) homeostasis has the

180 Influenza viruses antagonize key immune defence mechanisms via the virulence factor non-structur

181 rnal Daphnia developed typical anti-predator defence mechanisms when exposed to kairomones and AgNPs,

182 se of dsRNA into the cytoplasm triggers host defence mechanisms(9), dsRNA viruses retain their genome

183 Pathogens use effectors to suppress host defence mechanisms, promote the derivation of nutrients,

184 el insights into effector secretion and host defence mechanisms, there remain many unanswered questio

185 relationship between sleep dynamics and host defence mechanisms, with a focus on cytokine responses,

186 exist in the presence of these diverse phage defence mechanisms.

187 as electron transfer agents, pigments and in defence mechanisms.

188 xican maize fields can cope with these plant defence metabolites, but the results also indicate that

189 of herbivore natural enemies to resist plant defence metabolites.

190 l objectives that support their security and defence missions, which can conflict with humanitarian a

191 ablish the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress defence modulator PERK (eIF2AK3) as a direct downstream

192 treatments expression of genes encoding host defence molecules including DEFbeta4A, DEFB103A, LCN2 as

193 LF3 in enhancing expression of the antiviral defence mRNAs in cellular conditions where cap-dependent

194 ncluding pollination, seed dispersal and ant defence mutualisms.

195 se and how they are perceived by the plant's defence network persist as major subjects in the study o

196 ses occur in an increasingly complex humoral defence network that also encompasses IgM, IgG and IgD.

197 chemical constraints (costs of synthesis and defence), nitrogen availability and other environmental

198 nal identity as competent practitioners; and defence of staff as having personal morality.

199 as resulting from two protective mechanisms: defence of staff's professional identity as competent pr

200 ar development of innate and adaptive immune defences of captive-born garter snakes Thamnophis elegan

201 Yet, the impact of inducible defences on ecological dynamics can be highly sensitive

202 ators, but while some species exploit social defences or produce cryptic acoustic signals, deep-divin

203 ch were adjacent to genes involved in the JA-defence pathway (opr7, aos1, 2, 3), terpene biosynthesis

204 However, it remains unknown whether defence pathways other than H(2) O(2) burst and peroxida

205 s genome and characterization of tick immune defence pathways, such as the JAK-STAT, immune deficienc

206 fence genes involved in SA- and Pip-mediated defence pathways.

207 oded 16K protein and activating SA-dependent defence pathways.

208 Cathelicidin, an antimicrobial host defence peptide, is induced by infection and inflammatio

209 Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP), also known as antimicrobial pep

210 The multifunctional host-defence peptides (HDPs) cathelicidins play crucial roles

211 er, the role that biological rhythms in host defences play in defining this pattern remains largely u

212 ta drives the development of distinct immune defence programmes in the upper airways and intestine to

213 ty control mechanisms, including antioxidant defence, protein quality control, mitochondrial DNA repa

214 ked expression of FXN, HAX-1 and antioxidant defence proteins MnSOD and Nrf2 was observed both in PBM

215 , which may be because they are investing in defence rather than internal relationships.

216 Monocytes maintain tissue-homeostasis and defence-readiness by escaping circulation in the absence

217 fundamental processes, including antioxidant defence, redox regulation and iron-sulfur cluster biogen

218 molecular mechanisms by which activation of defence reduces growth are not yet fully understood.

219 those involved in the biosynthesis of direct defence-related cucurbitacin C were downregulated.

220 ncluding carbohydrate, lipid-metabolism, and defence-related genes, differentially expressed in mycor

221 hich is the activation of a constellation of defence-related genes.

222 ch is associated with genome-wide priming of defence-related genes.

223 the biosynthesis of precursors for indirect defence-related terpenoids were upregulated while those

224 e pericentromeric epiQTLs could regulate the defence-related transcriptome.

225 The study was approved by the UK Ministry of Defence research ethics committee (MODREC 165/Gen/10 and

226 Experimentally eliciting anti-herbivore defences reshaped within-host fitness ranks among Pseudo

227 ngs suggest that coilin is involved in plant defence, responding to TRV infection by recognition of t

228 nction of those NPR1-like genes in the wheat defence response against stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.

229 This defence response is protective against Pectobacterium br

230 lls elicits an effective tissue-level cancer defence response that can provide a basis for therapies

231 The function of JMJ14 in local or systemic defence response was investigated by pathogen growth ass

232 ility in resistance, and candidate genes for defence response within the ash genus could inform breed

233 properties of the cell wall inducing a plant defence response, which results in the production of ROS

234 ivory, resulting in a complex and cumulative defence response.

235 SOD2, and Gpx-1), suggesting an antioxidant defence response.

236 (NTAQ1) controls the expression of specific defence-response genes, activates the synthesis pathway

237 ly emerged as pivotal to co-ordinating plant defence responses and as a target of plant pathogens.

238 th and defence as the same TFs that activate defence responses are photomorphogenic growth regulators

239 ced sieve tube occlusion, and possibly local defence responses of the phloem.

240 al, physiological, pathological and chemical defence responses of western Baltic Sea F. vesiculosus a

241 Studies of the molecular components defining defence responses to A. solani in potato are limited.

242 key transcriptional regulator in some plant defence responses.

243 mechanisms of insect herbivore-induced plant defence responses.

244 tial complexities associated with uncoupling defence responses.

245 and interacting organisms involved, indirect defences show commonalities when grouped.

246 tion of actions including induction of plant defence signalling callose deposition and the strengthen

247 hway and 17 relate to herbivore recognition, defence signalling or programmed cell death.

248 Here, we investigate plant defence signalling with a focus on salicylic acid (SA) a

249 or and other genes implicated in early plant defence signalling.

250 The immune system uses two distinct defence strategies against infections: microbe-directed

251 dentification of host dependency factors and defence strategies as presented in this work will improv

252 s of herbivores are expected to adapt to the defence strategies of their preys or hosts.

253 iophages use an extensive battery of counter-defence strategies to co-exist in the presence of these

254 pon hearing an attacking bat is an effective defence strategy used by several moth taxa.

255 crypt stem cells, induction of anti-oxidant defence, subjugation of TBI-induced lipid peroxidation a

256 ammation, impact cell competition-based host defences, suggesting that their effect on tumour risk ma

257 e existing approaches to modelling inducible defences: Switching Function, Fitness Gradient and Optim

258 n, mitochondrial functioning, anti-oxidative defence system (SOD, CAT, and GR) and Ver-1 gene of afla

259 Si uptake, SA biosynthesis, the antioxidant defence system and rhizosphere acidification were up-reg

260 Thus, the antioxidant defence system of the copepods has a greater capacity to

261 , ointments and injected venoms, are another defence system used by animals.

262 uggest that the bacterium represses the rice defence system while concomitantly activating iron uptak

263 ng viruses to neutralize the type III CRISPR defence system.

264 superfamily of common bacterial and archaeal defence systems active against diverse bacteriophages.

265 nto how the flight response impairs cellular defence systems and accelerates ageing.

266 nucleases from type II CRISPR-Cas antiviral defence systems have been repurposed as genome editing t

267 c features, patterns of gene regulation, and defence systems in millipedes, not observed in other art

268 Defence systems incur a fitness cost for the hosts; ther

269 tion of foreign nucleic acids by prokaryotic defence systems involves common principles.

270 This includes enzymatic defence systems such as those controlled by the stress-r

271 s (MGEs), and have evolved multiple, diverse defence systems that protect them from MGE assault via d

272 ht evolutionary connections between MGEs and defence systems that reach far beyond the proverbial arm

273 Moreover, defence systems themselves possess certain features of s

274 delling pathway probably extends beyond host defence systems, as several other biologically active ox

275 least in prokaryotes, horizontal mobility of defence systems, mediated primarily by MGEs, is essentia

276 ce our understanding of the known arsenal of defence systems.

277 isms and are often shuttled between MGEs and defence systems.

278 asingly implicated in prokaryotic anti-viral defence systems.

279 ricable connection between MGEs and anti-MGE defence systems.

280 wild-type phage, which is resistant to BREX defence, T7 lacking Ocr is strongly inhibited by BREX, a

281 mes are important sentinels of innate immune defence that are activated in response to diverse stimul

282 cts invading RNA, triggering a multi-layered defence that includes target RNA cleavage, licencing of

283 hlight pathways of effector-triggered immune defence that sense disruption of core cellular processes

284 Indirect defence, the adaptive top-down control of herbivores by

285 gh IL-17A, but K. pneumoniae overcomes these defences through encapsulation to effectively colonize t

286 he regulatory network that underlies induced defence to spider mites, differentially expressed genes

287 PR1 fusion protein negatively regulating the defence to stem rust infection.

288 ms rely on inducible and constitutive immune defences to combat infection.

289 The benefits of indirect defences to natural enemies should be further explored t

290 ibutes to innate immunity as a first line of defence, understanding how the epithelium responds to mi

291 nd function of JMJ14 in SA- and Pip-mediated defences was analysed in Col-0 and jmj14 plants.

292 al enemy interactions that comprise indirect defence, we can better understand plant-based food webs,

293 onths-which coincided with when host mucosal defences were most potent against Bd.

294 to facilitate feeding, in predation, and in defence when attacked [4].

295 , allowing prey to economise on the costs of defence when predation risk varies over time or is spati

296 Neutrophils are pivotal players in immune defence which includes a process of release of histones

297 Furthermore, it explores the role of defence, which is not implemented in current models.

298 Mucus forms the first line of defence while housing trillions of microorganisms that c

299 gnificant increase in endogenous antioxidant defences, while oxidative damage levels were mostly not

300 We found evidence of territorial defence, with rates of aggression increasing towards the