ライフサイエンスコーパス: defend

1 differences in the proclivity to attack and defend.

2 meda to become photosynthetic and chemically defended.

3 could not cost-effectively be delimited and defended.

4 imals--could be unambiguously demarcated and defended.

5 aenids are warningly coloured and chemically defended.

6 ved, may make attacking more attractive than defending.

7 In building the case for this proposal, we defend a modified version of what is known as the higher

8 son, revert back their reverter, and come to defend a reverted editor.

9 of this work - for it better enables them to defend a substantive role for emotion in moral cognition

10 Animals that benefit from defending a key resource from microbial competitors are

11 ity when males are reproductively active and defending a territory.

12 aggregations in which each spermiating male defends a nest, and ovulatory females move from nest to

13 mechanisms a plant would already possess to defend against a potential pathogen that has not co-evol

14 -in/del-A) impairs the ability of the RPE to defend against aging-related oxidative stress.

15 ophages can confer a variety of systems that defend against attack by genetically distinct phages; ph

16 erminant of how successfully an organism can defend against attack.

17 eptides (HDPs) are produced by eukaryotes to defend against bacterial infection, and diverse syntheti

18 ze sequence-specific RNA-guided nucleases to defend against bacteriophage infection.

19 s, cell competition may help host tissues to defend against cancer, by removing neoplastic and aneupl

20 y into heat through uncoupled respiration to defend against cold stress.

21 s generate heat via uncoupled respiration to defend against cold.

22 y multiplex through CRISPR arrays-whether to defend against different invaders or mediate multi-targe

23 cis- and/or trans-RNA cleavage activities to defend against double-stranded DNA phages is not underst

24 asic biological mechanisms that may serve to defend against environmental challenges like contaminati

25 mes function at the core of RNA silencing to defend against exogenous RNA or to regulate endogenous g

26 that repair pathways may exist primarily to defend against exogenously induced DNA damage.

27 type-2 immune responses evolved primarily to defend against extracellular helminths, in part through

28 (Cas) proteins form the CRISPR/Cas system to defend against foreign nucleic acids of bacterial and ar

29 gonaute proteins repress gene expression and defend against foreign nucleic acids using short RNAs or

30 mation stored as spacers in CRISPR arrays to defend against genetic invaders.

31 utilization in diabetic cardiomyopathy might defend against glucotoxicity and caution that restoring

32 ry tract, alveolar macrophages are poised to defend against hantavirus infection, but those antiviral

33 Plants defend against herbivores and nematodes by rapidly sendi

34 ve evolved antioxidant stress responses that defend against host plant defenses.

35 Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome is to defend against host-produced nitric oxide (NO), a free r

36 y and/or secretion (anti-incretin effect) to defend against hyperinsulinemia-hypoglycemia.

37 F may serve as a counterregulatory effect to defend against hypertension.

38 We explore how hosts use anorexia to defend against infection and how parasites manipulate an

39 ls (ILCs) patrol environmental interfaces to defend against infection and protect barrier integrity.

40 e modulated during pregnancy to concurrently defend against infection and tolerate the semiallogeneic

41 e both innate and adaptive immune systems to defend against infection by viruses and other parasites.

42 equence-specific RNA-guided endonucleases to defend against infection by viruses, bacteriophages, and

43 get effects in which pathways that typically defend against infection exacerbate injury and disease.

44 Although some inflammation is useful to defend against infection, excessive or persistent inflam

45 Here, we explore how hosts use rhythms to defend against infection, why parasites have rhythms and

46 tricting the ability of the immune system to defend against infection.

47 triggers cell-intrinsic immune responses to defend against infections, whereas aberrant cytosolic ac

48 dent immune cells of the CNS, are thought to defend against infections.

49 ve immune systems are used by prokaryotes to defend against invaders like viruses and other mobile ge

50 c elements (MGEs), where they constitutively defend against invaders or are induced to respond to new

51 equently in bacteria and archaea, serving to defend against invading foreign DNA, such as viral genom

52 nguish between self and non-self in order to defend against invading pathogens while avoiding autoimm

53 the dual RNA-guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids

54 teins - known as restriction factors - which defend against invading retroviruses such as HIV-1.

55 the generation of an immunological memory to defend against invading viruses.

56 yet few host factors in the CNS are known to defend against invasion by neurotropic viruses.

57 Type II CRISPR systems defend against invasive DNA by using Cas9 as an RNA-guid

58 ive immune system in archaea and bacteria to defend against invasive nucleic acids from phages and pl

59 viduals with NAFL differ in their ability to defend against lipotoxicity.

60 nce of the substrate could reactivate ADO to defend against oxidative stress.

61 T-helper 2 (Th2) cell responses defend against parasites.

62 ene function disrupts the plant's ability to defend against pathogen attack, whereas overexpression o

63 ynthetic gas exchange, respiration rates and defend against pathogen entry.

64 icrobes while deploying the immune system to defend against pathogenic ones.

65 The ability of the gut epithelium to defend against pathogens while tolerating harmless comme

66 ins and T-cell receptors which contribute to defend against pathogens.

67 gainst amyloid-forming clients and how cells defend against pathological tau aggregation.

68 Prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas immune systems defend against phage infection by using Cas nucleases an

69 ats) mechanism allows bacteria to adaptively defend against phages by acquiring short genomic sequenc

70 The molecular mechanism by which plants defend against plant root-knot nematodes (RKNs) is large

71 Fear can be an adaptive emotion that helps defend against potential danger.

72 Prokaryotes evolved numerous systems that defend against predation by bacteriophages.

73 nge, T(RM) remain in nonlymphoid tissues and defend against re-exposure.

74 Legumes have mechanisms to defend against rhizobia that fail to fix sufficient nitr

75 Compared with the knowledge on how plants defend against stress-caused cellular impairment, much l

76 suggest that PP2-A5 improves the ability to defend against T. urticae by participating in the tight

77 How cells defend against the cytotoxicity remains largely unknown.

78 lants usually employ resistance (R) genes to defend against the infection of pathogens, and most R ge

79 r chaperones monitor protein homeostasis and defend against the misfolding and aggregation of protein

80 t all bacterial species possess systems that defend against the toxic effects of excess Cu.

81 e developed complex systems that exploit and defend against this vulnerability in different contexts.

82 killer cells (NKs) kill compromised cells to defend against tumor and viral infections.

83 inflammasomes over evolutionary time not to defend against vertebrate-adapted pathogens but instead

84 on inflammatory responses in immune cells to defend against viral and bacterial infections.

85 The exact mechanisms by which neurons defend against virus infection is poorly understood, but

86 xic type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that defend against viruses and mediate anti-tumor responses,

87 herefore have better chances of successfully defending against brood parasitism.

88 r role for nociceptor neurons in sensing and defending against enteric pathogens.

89 mbrane lipids, plays important roles in both defending against host antimicrobial programs and in eva

90 chemical energy in the form of heat, thereby defending against hypothermia, obesity, and diabetes.

91 l homeostasis and plays an important role in defending against inflammation bowel diseases.

92 to communicate via QS were less effective at defending against invaders targeted by any of the three

93 g intestinal commensal microbiota at bay and defending against invading enteric pathogens.

94 t in the mammalian brain, but their roles in defending against invasion of pathogens into the CNS rem

95 anscription activation of the cus operon for defending against metals.

96 insecticidal predatory function to a role in defending against nonhuman vertebrate predators by male

97 Serine biosynthesis is critical in defending against oxidative stress.

98 CNS and the immune system are important for defending against pathogen attack.

99 downstream products, ISGs, are essential in defending against pathogen invasion.

100 In agreement with a role in defending against pathogens, XBAT35.2 interacts with def

101 rophils are primary host innate immune cells defending against pathogens.

102 CD4(+) T cells play critical roles in defending against poxviruses, both by potentiating cellu

103 siological mechanisms that are beneficial in defending against the haemorrhagic insult.

104 of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide that defends against a wide array of phages.

105 e, suggesting that the mechanism by which C7 defends against bacteria may involve MAC formation, lead

106 ns unclear how the ER senses and effectively defends against cholesterol excess.

107 While the mechanisms by which the ER defends against cholesterol insufficiency are well descr

108 ich is the value that the homeostatic system defends against fluctuations.

109 ctor2) triggers antioxidant defense genes to defends against homeostatic failure.

110 hypothesis that acyl-ghrelin, a hormone that defends against hypoglycemia in a preclinical starvation

111 arbor a glucosinolate-myrosinase system that defends against insect predation.

112 Epigenetic silencing defends against LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition in mammal

113 r "alternatively activated" phenotype, which defends against multicellular nematodes and fungi.

114 We find that the dominant system that defends against OG-mediated mutagenesis is MutY/MutM1, a

115 The immune system defends against pathogens and maintains tissue homeostas

116 nity is a high-cost, high-benefit trait that defends against pathogens and noxious stimuli but whose

117 pGpp synthetase coded by the Phrann prophage defends against phage Tweety infection, but Tweety codes

118 tch in a protein quality-control system that defends against proteotoxicity.

119 t has been hypothesized that Cas13 naturally defends against RNA phages(8), type VI spacer sequences

120 thermophilus, the DNA-guided Argonaute TtAgo defends against transformation by DNA plasmids.

121 amselfish (Stegastes diencaeus) aggressively defend algae farms on which they feed, and this protecti

122 The immune system is responsible for defending an organism against the myriad of microbial in

123 This commentary defends an alternative interpretation of this evidence,

124 onsidering ecological dynamics of chemically defended animals and coevolutionary predator-prey and mi

125 ended through to moderately defended, or not defended at all.

126 peats-CRISPR associated (CRISPR-Cas) systems defend bacteria against foreign nucleic acids, such as d

127 a critical role in the innate immune system defending bacterial infections.

128 or understanding the nature of attacking and defending behavior at a group level.

129 ndicate that autophagy/lysosomal degradation defends beta cells against proteotoxicity induced by oli

130 y induce compensatory feedback mechanisms to defend body weight.

131 on the warning color patterns of chemically defended butterflies forming multiple coexisting mimicry

132 d (0 W, 40%; P < 0.05), but systemic MAP was defended by an increased cardiac output.

133 nd lepidopteran species can thrive on plants defended by cyanogenic glucosides.

134 Stems are defended by jasmonate-dependent nicotine, and the native

135 Newts are defended by tetrodotoxin (TTX), a neurotoxin that binds

136 ed to crucifer plants (Brassicales) that are defended by the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, the so-

137 Cellular and multicellular organization are defended by the immune response, a robust and critical s

138 Our data reveal a novel pathway, defended by the intra-S-phase checkpoint, by which MDM2

139 cytotoxicity, which parallels their roles in defending cancer cells from cytotoxic drugs.

140 ute proteins, guided by short RNA sequences, defend cells against transposons and viruses.

141 Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is critical for defending cells from both acute and chronic stresses.

142 Autophagy recycles cellular components and defends cells against intracellular pathogens.

143 GPS-collared territory holders marked and defended communication hubs (CHs) in the core area of th

144 suggest that groups may show territoriality, defending core regions of their home ranges against neig

145 t in males and females of species needing to defend critical limiting resources, including food (rhin

146 urce defence benefits that derive from group-defended critical resources and collective action benefi

147 veral rich populations will be challenged to defend current levels of freedom against worsening clima

148 y, while head size sets the specific size of defended entrances.

149 Knuiman et al. defend fixed-effects modeling as the one that most effec

150 counter-intuitive decline in recovery of the defending fluid from weak imbibition to intermediate-wet

151 ading fluids, causing the residual amount of defending fluid to differ by one order of magnitude.

152 esults in more efficient displacement of the defending fluid up to a critical wetting transition, bey

153 ational Park (SCNP) use stones to pound open defended food, including locally indigenous cashew nuts

154 tease sequence, initiates membrane fusion to defend from pathogens.

155 , which are resource rich but are chemically defended from most consumers.

156 network of primary forest reserves robustly defended from threats, recovering logged and secondary f

157 distinctive and physiologically important to defend genome integrity.

158 nter of a small RNA-based immune system that defends genomes against the deleterious action of mobile

159 a small RNA-based innate immune system that defends germ cell genomes against transposons.

160 orces shaping conflict between attacking and defending groups can be hampered by a narrow focus on hu

161 at is targeted at a person who cannot easily defend himself or herself; cyberbullying was additionall

162 m a single distribution is more difficult to defend if samples are collected at multiple locations in

163 ry predicts that within a plant, tissues are defended in proportion to their fitness value and risk o

164 Third, I defend individuating processes by relata, which May reje

165 have recently emerged as one paracrine axis defending intestinal mucosal integrity against mutationa

166 uced AxD and that axonal protection involves defending intracellular NAD(+) homeostasis.

167 y herbivores and pathogens, but how they are defended is rarely investigated.

168 cient regulation of internal homeostasis and defending it against perturbations requires adaptive beh

169 dopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a strategy to defend its leaves against herbivores is to accumulate gl

170 immune cells, therefore each plant cell must defend itself against invading pathogens.

171 inosa exploits the ParS sensing machinery to defend itself against the host in response to dynorphin

172 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) defends itself against host immunity and chemotherapy at

173 ons for understanding how the nervous system defends itself against virus infections.

174 marking activity of 3 guardian dogs as they defend livestock from coyote depredation in California,

175 is one of a potential suite of proteins that defend maize against chewing herbivores.

176 -like GTPase genes Myxovirus 1 (Mx1) and Mx2 defend mammals against a broad range of viral infections

177 CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems defend microbes against foreign nucleic acids via RNA-gu

178 ssociated genes (Cas) adaptive immune system defends microbes against foreign genetic elements via DN

179 satile mechanism of CRISPR immunity that can defend microorganisms against diverse DNA and RNA invade

180 elerate and redistribute muscle QO2 and thus defend microvascular O(2) partial pressures and capillar

181 ropose that despite the predominance of less defended mimics the three predatory guilds avoid the mim

182 fective at deterring predators - even mildly defended mimics were rarely eaten by a community of inve

183 venging capacity of glycoprotein DMBT1 helps defend mucosal epithelia against microbes.

184 Bacteriophages (phages) defend mucosal surfaces against bacterial infections.

185 , an iconic example of caste specialization, defend nest entrances by using their elaborately armored

186 ate redox-signalling defence mechanisms that defend O(2) homeostasis has the potential to offer uniqu

187 ehavior essential for securing resources and defending oneself and family.

188 two interlinked ways: circulating ideas, and defending or criticizing the ideas of others.

189 e from highly defended through to moderately defended, or not defended at all.

190 We defend PASTOR as a comparatively parsimonious and transl

191 ped by plant secondary compounds (PSCs) that defend plants against herbivory.

192 these metabolites, allowing them to feed on defended plants and become toxic to their own enemies.

193 rally to tritrophic interactions on trichome-defended plants, enhances an understanding of insect-pla

194 bees discriminated against flowers with more defended pollen when all flowers offered the same qualit

195 However, bees preferred flowers with highly defended pollen when they offered higher quality nectar,

196 nectar can overcome the ecological costs of defended pollen.

197 and energy intake depend on toxicity of the defended prey and the presence of Batesian mimics.

198 Warning signals displayed by defended prey are mimicked by both mutualistic (Mulleria

199 redators also has potential consequences for defended prey.

200 CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against bacteriophages and mobile gen

201 Type III-A CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against viral infection using CRISPR

202 CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes against viruses and plasmids.

203 Type II CRISPR-Cas systems defend prokaryotes from bacteriophage infection through

204 R-Cas encodes an adaptive immune system that defends prokaryotes against infectious viruses and plasm

205 Consistent with its role in defending proteostasis, Sephin1 attenuated the IRE1 bran

206 n and coordination when the group goal is to defend, rather than to expand, dominate, and exploit.

207 rapamycinicus, and thus helps the fungus to defend resources in the shared habitat against a bacteri

208 defending themselves or by association with defended species, can persist by growing in places that

209 r among larger seeded, slow-growing and well-defended species.

210 , reproduce, or recruit at faster rates than defended species.

211 emodeling of the cell envelope as a means of defending spirochetes against threats engendered during

212 r stress condition or normal condition could defend susceptible bacteria in the presence of several b

213 In this species, males defend territories against conspecific males and respond

214 which predicts that species should evolve to defend territories against heterospecific rivals above a

215 enom is used differentially by both sexes to defend territories and mates.

216 in joint endeavours such as fighting floods, defending territory, and hunting.

217 Baumard defends that increased standards of living are a necessa

218 One canonical role of ROS is to defend the cell against invading bacterial and viral pat

219 It also induces enzymes that defend the cell against the superoxide that such compoun

220 In Camponotus floridanus, "Major" workers defend the colony, but can be epigenetically reprogramme

221 on young sex chromosomes and utilize RNAi to defend the genome against selfish elements that manipula

222 nt an interpretation of mechanisms likely to defend the germline integrity of parasitic flatworms.

223 nate immune cells that reside in all organs, defend the host against infection and injury.

224 ast neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to defend the host against invading pathogens.

225 However, evidence suggests that phages can defend the host against pathogenic bacteria and, therefo

226 une cells in the blood that are necessary to defend the host.

227 Failure to defend the lower limit of plasma triglyceride levels was

228 Other molecular regulators that defend the skin from global inflammation are likely to b

229 We also discuss potential mechanisms and defend the view that many of the identified "toxic" effe

230 e's body is important for survival, e.g., in defending the body against a threat.

231 that MRN-ATM also has critical functions in defending the cell against DNA viruses.

232 2 as a terminal oxidant while simultaneously defending the cell against its toxicity.

233 s its degradation by the MMR system, thereby defending the cell against killing by the Sn1-type methy

234 showing that meningeal IgA is essential for defending the central nervous system at this vulnerable

235 ve at capturing prey, constructing webs, and defending the colony, whereas docile females were more e

236 Defending the contrasting features of these territories

237 ct the host cell with an NCLDV prey and (ii) defending the host cell against fatal NCLDV infections.

238 s (out-group aggression) from those aimed at defending the in-group against possible out-group aggres

239 eptors (TLRs) play a role in innate immunity defending the organism against infection, but their cont

240 The present study supports the arguments defending the use of wild and cultivated medicinal and a

241 ompounds, whereas in the enteric bacteria it defends the cell against the same agents.

242 tripartite system with a soldier caste that defends the colony.

243 anscriptional status of a genomic region and defends the genome from TRC-mediated replication stress

244 viruses, but precisely how our immune system defends the lung against these invaders remains unclear.

245 energy deficiency, some species can cease to defend their body temperature and enter a hypothermic an

246 e exhibited dramatically impaired ability to defend their body temperature in coldness.

247 Mammalian cells deploy autophagy to defend their cytosol against bacterial invaders.

248 microbes, but microbes also produce AMPs to defend their environmental niche.

249 In a penalty shootout, a goalkeeper must defend their goal without teammate assistance while an o

250 hen induce overlapping sets of proteins that defend their vulnerable metalloenzymes.

251 tory holders have to spend much more time in defending their own territory and lose the time to feed

252 e stabilized and reactivated plant toxins to defend themselves against a deadly symbiosis between the

253 ts make specialized bioactive metabolites to defend themselves against attackers.

254 Plants effectively defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses by

255 y, bacteria have evolved numerous systems to defend themselves against H2O2, and the importance of th

256 Many plants defend themselves against herbivores by chemical deterre

257 Plants defend themselves against herbivores through the product

258 Fungi must defend themselves against host immune cells while germin

259 One way that mammalian cells defend themselves against infection by retroviruses is w

260 traditional province of the immune system-to defend themselves against infection.

261 immunity is essential for host organisms to defend themselves against invasive microbes.

262 Plants defend themselves against microbial pathogens through a

263 termechanism by bacteria to more effectively defend themselves against modified phages.

264 Plants have two related immune systems to defend themselves against pathogen attack.

265 Plants have evolved effective strategies to defend themselves against pathogen invasion.

266 verse responses mediated by phytohormones to defend themselves against pathogens and herbivores.

267 Hosts defend themselves against pathogens by mounting an immun

268 Plants defend themselves against pathogens using a two-layered

269 have evolved mechanisms to evade, escape and defend themselves against pathogens.

270 evolved a wide range of immune mechanisms to defend themselves against pathogens.

271 Plants mount coordinated immune responses to defend themselves against pathogens.

272 the most widespread means by which bacteria defend themselves against phages.

273 ucers, plants are under constant pressure to defend themselves against potentially deadly pathogens a

274 age and chemical toxicity, many caterpillars defend themselves against predators with sudden sharp mo

275 lmost all viruses have evolved mechanisms to defend themselves against the interferon system.

276 biotic and abiotic stresses which they must defend themselves against to survive.

277 and describe its way of preparing plants to defend themselves against various attacks, among others

278 ea use CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems to defend themselves from infection by bacteriophages (phag

279 must replicate in cells that are equipped to defend themselves from infection through intracellular i

280 alian cells possess mechanisms to detect and defend themselves from invading viruses.

281 have evolved specialized neural circuits to defend themselves from pain- and injury-causing stimuli.

282 To defend themselves from pathogen attack, plants often rel

283 even down to the strain level, which in turn defend themselves using an array of mechanisms.

284 In particular, plants defend themselves with a diversity of specialized toxic

285 dal attacks on vulnerable infants who cannot defend themselves.

286 immune receptors to recognize pathogens and defend themselves.

287 tense herbivory, woody plants can persist by defending themselves or by association with defended spe

288 haracterized by intense herbivory, either by defending themselves or by thriving in risky areas where

289 ilines or myrmecomorphs living among ants or defending themselves through mimicry.

290 h toxic products of secondary metabolism and defending themselves via an arsenal of xenobiotic metabo

291 aerobes have evolved customized tactics that defend these various enzymes from occasional oxygen expo

292 I defend this purpose against Brunerian, extended mind, an

293 Well-defended thorny Acacia trees (A. etbaica) were abundant

294 o vary in their level of defence from highly defended through to moderately defended, or not defended

295 In contrast, poorly defended trees (A. brevispica) were more abundant in hig

296 he native Microlaena stipoides was less well defended under eCO2 in terms of both phenolics and silic

297 and possessing a diverse and complex role in defending us both physically and immunologically from th

298 ortant roles in fine-tuning gene expression, defending virus and controlling transposons.

299 ow local and systemic vascular control helps defend VO2 kinetics and determine CP and VO2max in healt

300 the notion that increased oxidative capacity defends whole-body energy homeostasis and suggest that t