ライフサイエンスコーパス: defensive

1 ssors, requiring responses that are strictly defensive.

2 mic protein that protects the phage from the defensive action of type I restriction-modification syst

3 al environment lead to a rapid update of the defensive action, including changing the defensive strat

4 features and defensive behavior, instinctive defensive actions are surprisingly flexible and can be r

5 ts fit in a framework where the relevance of defensive actions is continually evaluated, to maximise

6 Solanaceae glandular trichomes produce defensive acylsugars, with sidechains that vary in lengt

7 e to intergroup discrimination and sometimes defensive aggression against threatening (members of) ou

8 Among defensive alkaloids isolated from ladybugs, the heterodi

9 Poison frogs have a diverse arsenal of defensive alkaloids that target the nervous system.

10 ion area', suggest that the ACo can initiate defensive and aggressive responses elicited by olfactory

11 and itch sensations are crucial for evoking defensive and emotional responses, and light tactile tou

12 Both lesion groups showed heightened defensive and reduced approach responses, accompanied by

13 by linear (honey production) and threshold (defensive and swarming behavior) single-trait models; es

14 sitive genetic correlation was found between defensive and swarming behaviors (0.62).

15 e tested using 4003 records for honey yield, defensive and swarming behaviors of Italian honey bee qu

16 This results in defensive antibiotic decision-making, leading to prolong

17 General practitioners (GPs) report defensive antibiotic prescribing to mitigate perceived r

18 unctions of neutrophils are facilitated by a defensive armamentarium of proteins stored in granules,

19 o clinically relevant threats and consequent defensive avoidance.

20 Bile functions as a defensive barrier against intestinal colonization by pat

21 In conjunction with these defensive barrier functions, immunomodulatory cross-talk

22 he polymeric matrix of the plant's outermost defensive barrier, the cuticle.

23 ations was higher for honey yield (0.46) and defensive behavior (0.30) but almost identical for swarm

24 he cross-species translational tool to study defensive behavior in affective neuroscience with releva

25 ble for nociception and sensitization of the defensive behavior in M. sexta.

26 The ability to adjust defensive behavior is critical for animal survival in dy

27 This cross-modality modulation of defensive behavior is mediated by the projection from th

28 circuits underlying the modulation of innate defensive behavior remain not well-understood.

29 the bioactive peptides into slugs triggered defensive behavior such as copious mucus secretion and a

30 s reveal a novel neural mechanism for innate defensive behavior through mechanosensation.

31 esses ongoing actions and converts an active defensive behavior to a passive response.

32 s hippocampal network activation and reduces defensive behavior to ambiguous threat cues but has neit

33 on activation is sufficient to generate this defensive behavior via the recruitment of brainstem prem

34 stimates were 0.26 for honey yield, 0.36 for defensive behavior, and 0.34 for swarming behavior.

35 of neurons in brain regions associated with defensive behavior, as well as potential neuronal, glial

36 links between specific sensory features and defensive behavior, instinctive defensive actions are su

37 ion (0.19) was found between honey yield and defensive behavior, whereas the genetic correlation betw

38 l gray play distinct roles in the control of defensive behavior, with the former proposed to encode a

39 nd that the CeA is involved in mediating the defensive behavior.

40 gated how these modalities interact to shape defensive behavior.

41 vely modulates expression of species-typical defensive behavior.

42 e presence of objects by touch to initiate a defensive behavior.

43 ment of remote brain regions associated with defensive behavior.

44 amate or -GABA neurons play a role in innate defensive behavior.

45 Pain-induced defensive behaviors affecting fitness have also been rep

46 h locomotion alone captures the diversity of defensive behaviors and their sensory specificity is unk

47 tle is known about how flexible mouse innate defensive behaviors are and how quickly they can be modi

48 Instinctive defensive behaviors are essential for animal survival.

49 higher dimensional description revealed that defensive behaviors are more stimulus specific than indi

50 the specific factors that engage the BNST in defensive behaviors are unclear.

51 Since defensive behaviors can be reliably triggered by threate

52 The neural basis of defensive behaviors continues to attract much interest,

53 Social aggression and avoidance are defensive behaviors expressed by territorial animals in

54 While CeA substrates for defensive behaviors have been studied extensively, CeA c

55 hese neurons in gating passive versus active defensive behaviors in animals confronted with threat.

56 detecting alarming visual cues and mediating defensive behaviors in mice.

57 Overreactivity and defensive behaviors in response to tactile stimuli are c

58 has been implicated in the establishment of defensive behaviors toward threats, but the underlying c

59 t diversity and sensory specificity of mouse defensive behaviors unfold in a higher dimensional space

60 plasma corticosterone (CORT) elevations and defensive behaviors were not observed, differences were

61 Instinctive defensive behaviors, consisting of stereotyped sequences

62 urons revealed fibers in regions controlling defensive behaviors, including lateral hypothalamus, ant

63 Innate defensive behaviors, such as freezing, are adaptive for

64 rience [15, 16] have been shown to influence defensive behaviors, suggesting that their expression ca

65 d, fosters an atomistic conceptualization of defensive behaviors, which hinders progress in understan

66 circuits to dissect their role in different defensive behaviors.

67 periaqueductal gray that coordinate passive defensive behaviors.

68 c activity patterns hypothesized to regulate defensive behaviors.

69 sex-specific signals that trigger social and defensive behaviors.

70 opulations, which cooperatively drive robust defensive behaviors.

71 pecific threats, collectively referred to as defensive behaviors.

72 in a range of adaptive behaviors, including defensive behaviors.

73 injury revealed a range of surveillance and defensive behaviors.

74 for Pavlovian conditioned reward-seeking and defensive behaviors.

75 orrelated with, and required for, persistent defensive behaviour in an open-field assay, and depended

76 ing the wealth of mechanistic animal work on defensive behaviour into humans.

77 ion of freezing, an evolutionarily conserved defensive behaviour, which is expressed by many species

78 to extract and translate visual threats into defensive behavioural responses.

79 he involvement of the superior colliculus in defensive behaviours and visual threat detection.

80 erred to here as VMHdm(SF1) neurons, elicits defensive behaviours that outlast stimulation(5,8), whic

81 erotoninergic neurons reduces looming-evoked defensive behaviours.

82 in periaqueductal grey circuits for specific defensive behaviours.

83 the home cage showed increased avoidance and defensive burying indicative of evident stress responses

84 attentional set-shifting test or shock-probe defensive burying test, respectively.

85 increased passive coping in the shock-probe defensive burying test, without having any direct effect

86 derstanding that these glands do not secrete defensive chemicals and expanding currently held interpr

87 tical and cortical structures integrates the defensive circuit that detect and respond to threats.

88 pulation codes embedded within a distributed defensive circuitry whose goal is to determine and reali

89 d levels of inherent, systemically inducible defensive compounds in Bt cotton which might benefit oth

90 ved accumulation of the cyanogenic glucoside defensive compounds in high-turgor cells in the phloem c

91 Lotus japonicus, suggesting that storage of defensive compounds in high-turgor cells may be a genera

92 ificantly attenuated floral accumulations of defensive compounds known to be regulated by JA in leave

93 co-opt both the phytohormonal responses and defensive compounds of plants for their own benefit at a

94 re fermentation and the degradation of plant defensive compounds, and thus are likely important for h

95 te greater amounts of two well-characterized defensive compounds, the volatile (E)-alpha-bergamotene

96 and nutrient-rich diet that is free of plant defensive compounds.

97 recalcitrant carbohydrate sources, and plant defensive compounds.

98 r results support an evolutionary conserved, defensive distance-dependent dynamic balance between BNS

99 Here I report a defensive eel behavior that supports Humboldt's account.

100 omogalacturonan (HG) has been described as a defensive element for plants during infections with phyt

101 These data suggest that the host defensive environment is supported by the production of

102 oundation for understanding the role of host defensive factors and the mechanisms viruses use to take

103 this study, we report that auditory-induced defensive flight behavior can be facilitated by somatose

104 of VTA(GABA+) neurons reduced looming-evoked defensive flight behavior, and photoactivation of these

105 Thus, defensive flight can be enhanced in a somatosensory cont

106 alterations in the balance of aggressive and defensive forces.

107 alization status, potentially reducing their defensive function and altering their predatory and anti

108 c lysis inhibition phenomenon with conserved defensive function of a phage satellite in a disease con

109 This study uncovers the defensive function of JA signaling in flowers, which inc

110 CRISPR/Cas systems have lost their canonical defensive function to destroy incoming mobile elements;

111 Defensive functioning during times of increased stress (

112 The study findings suggest that defensive functioning in parents preparing for and paren

113 r improving healing by balancing the primary defensive functions and excessive tissue damage actions.

114 Fusarium subglutinans may indicate pathogen defensive functions, whereas the low antifungal efficacy

115 ocytic cells perform crucial homeostatic and defensive functions.

116 d that photosynthesis was more inhibited and defensive gene expression more pronounced in 1 SL than i

117 Millipedes possesses a unique ozadene defensive gland unlike the venomous forcipules found in

118 bility of brainstem circuitry subserving the defensive hand-blink reflex (HBR), a response elicited b

119 lassically considered short-lived and purely defensive leukocytes, neutrophils are unique in their fa

120 ny organisms respond to noxious stimuli with defensive maneuvers.

121 tegrated regulatory networks that coordinate defensive measures and developmental transitions in resp

122 ifiable, deciding the relative importance of defensive measures reduces to a subjective comparison of

123 an emotion, nor an attitude, but a reactive defensive mechanism evolved to help individuals avoid sh

124 young preys are thus matched by spontaneous defensive mechanisms that do not require learning.

125 reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates many defensive mechanisms that limit or repair damage to cell

126 itantly a source, a barrier, and a target of defensive mediators.

127 c (total phenolics, flavonoids and proteins) defensive metabolites, as well as, in the total antioxid

128 rulence as a by-product of adaptation to the defensive microbe.

129 These data show that defensive microbes can shape the evolution of pathogen v

130 on can drive changes in pathogen virulence, 'defensive microbes' may shape disease severity.

131 an promote the assembly of a self-sustaining defensive microbiome.

132 ts readily evolve to promote host-beneficial defensive microbiomes.

133 condary siRNAs likely serve as trans-species defensive molecules against pathogens.

134 prevents generation of either appetitive or defensive motivated behaviors.

135 itive motivation (i.e., 'desire') or intense defensive motivation (i.e., 'dread'), depending on site

136 uronal firing, generate either appetitive or defensive motivation, depending on site and environmenta

137 ability of DNQX microinjections to generate defensive motivation.

138 ition is necessary to generate appetitive or defensive motivations, using local optogenetic excitatio

139 species is directly or indirectly linked to defensive mutualism attributable to alkaloids of fungal-

140 he timing of warming influences a widespread defensive mutualism involving the pea aphid Acyrthosipho

141 re 2100, was sufficient to disable the aphid defensive mutualism regardless of the timing of warming;

142 egatively impacted a common microbe-mediated defensive mutualism.

143 spider (Habronattus trimaculatus), with the defensive odor from a coreid bug (Acanthocephala femorat

144 or black prey in the presence or absence of defensive odors secreted from (1) eastern leaf-footed bu

145 quires rats to produce different conditioned defensive or appetitive behaviors.

146 er hand, jet lag impacted both home and away defensive performance.

147 ccur nearby the body, in a region termed the defensive peripersonal space (DPPS) [1,2].

148 feedback signals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The defensive peripersonal space (DPPS) has a crucial role f

149 The defensive peripersonal space (DPPS) is a vital "safety m

150 ted hand is statically positioned inside the defensive peripersonal space (DPPS) of the face.

151 ion triggers paroxysmal facial pain, affects defensive peripersonal space (DPPS), the portion of spac

152 d around the face (commonly referred to as a defensive peripersonal space, DPPS), as well as stimulus

153 Further, we show that an MGE, the defensive phage satellite PLE, collapses lysis inhibitio

154 y suppressing plant defenses and detoxifying defensive phytochemicals.

155 n is elevated following plant treatment with defensive phytohormones.

156 rategies benefited offensive players but not defensive players.

157 imbalances place status quo challengers in a defensive position.

158 insect resistance1-Cysteine Protease, a key defensive protein against insect pests, in Mp708 plants.

159 response, which floods the circulation with defensive proteins during diverse stresses, including is

160 rk lignans, coumarins, proline, tyramine and defensive proteins, and was characterized by faster oxid

161 In our approach, defensive reactions (freezing), actions (avoidance) and

162 d provide empirical evidence for the role of defensive reactions such as freezing in subsequent actio

163 pain, without affecting any of the reflexive defensive reactions that we tested.

164 nucleus appears to be an involvement in the defensive reactions to life-threatening situations.

165 Shifts in this balance may enable shifts in defensive reactions via the demonstrated differential fu

166 hment occurred in the oxygen transportation, defensive reactions, and protein modifications of the de

167 ance of understanding their contributions to defensive reactions, there is a paucity of human studies

168 situation, where CeA ChR2 pairing increases defensive reactions.

169 to achieve this bidirectional modulation of defensive reactions.

170 Sensory neurons initiate defensive reflexes that ensure airway integrity.

171 Pines use defensive resin to overwhelm attackers, creating an Alle

172 ingly recognized for their important role in defensive respiratory responses evoked from the airways.

173 Inter-individual differences in defensive responding are widely established but their mo

174 rphology and inter-individual differences in defensive responding but differences in experimental des

175 the stria terminalis (BNST) is implicated in defensive responding during uncertain threat anticipatio

176 tter understanding of the melatonin-mediated defensive response against HLB via modulation of multipl

177 It makes use of the startle reflex, a defensive response elicited by an immediate, unexpected

178 behavior, which has been used as an index of defensive response in laboratory animals during Pavlovia

179 timing of the reliefCS is crucial to turn a defensive response into an appetitive response.

180 The defensive response is triggered by recognition of divers

181 the neural correlates of fear bradycardia, a defensive response linked to vigilance and action prepar

182 The hand blink reflex is a subcortical defensive response, known to dramatically increase when

183 Here, we focused on a defensive response, the hand blink reflex, known to incr

184 xecution of an appropriate active or passive defensive response, yet the underlying brain circuitry i

185 cial for both learning and the expression of defensive response.

186 iors are part of a generalized social immune defensive response.

187 hout themselves eliciting an inflammatory or defensive response.

188 each for rewards and a greater proportion of defensive responses (e.g., piloerection) in the presence

189 ons are activated by and required for innate defensive responses and that information on threatening

190 ree experiments, we explored whether and how defensive responses are affected by the interpersonal in

191 n of space surrounding the body within which defensive responses are enhanced.

192 Innate defensive responses are essential for animal survival an

193 In mice, looming-evoked defensive responses are triggered by the superior collic

194 ns to CeA are critical for the expression of defensive responses elicited by conditioned threats.

195 ions displayed a greater tendency to express defensive responses even in the absence of threat.

196 o a greater extent, consistent with stronger defensive responses from more dominant groups.

197 es eye/head-orientating movements and innate defensive responses in its deeper layers (dSC).

198 ays a role in mediating or modulating innate defensive responses is currently unknown.

199 us is delivered inside the DPPS, subcortical defensive responses like the hand-blink reflex (HBR) are

200 whether they contribute to the generation of defensive responses other than freezing remain unknown.

201 The first includes reflexive defensive responses that prevent or limit injury; a well

202 ls (RGCs) that controls mouse looming-evoked defensive responses through axonal collaterals to the do

203 edial hypothalamus and brainstem that encode defensive responses to a rat predator.

204 k in which animals learn to flexibly execute defensive responses to a threat-predictive cue and a saf

205 lations in the zebrafish hypothalamus during defensive responses to a variety of homeostatic threats.

206 ted by an herbivorous insect can boost plant defensive responses to insect egg deposition, thus highl

207 d challenges the validity of using reflexive defensive responses to measure sustained pain.

208 OXT neurons in the generation of appropriate defensive responses to noxious input.

209 NR5A1 (also known as SF1) are necessary for defensive responses to predators in mice(4-7).

210 ivation, and panic, while inhibition reduces defensive responses to predators.

211 ovide insights into the neural regulation of defensive responses to threat and inform the etiology an

212 rtex (OFC) has been implicated in regulating defensive responses to threat, with distinct subregions

213 ucidate the role of brain synchronization in defensive responses to threat.

214 rects multiple survival behaviors, including defensive responses to threats.

215 nd promote a shift from expression of innate defensive responses toward more adaptive behavioral resp

216 .SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Engaging in adaptive defensive responses under threat promotes biological fit

217 tribute to the initiation of basic affective/defensive responses via hypothalamic and brainstem pathw

218 animals perform more effective and stronger defensive responses when threatening stimuli occur nearb

219 t node in the neuronal circuit that mediates defensive responses(6-9), and a key brain area for proce

220 ion of subjective threat, threat-conditioned defensive responses, and explicit threat memory.

221 gion that influences sensory discrimination, defensive responses, and retrieval of fear memories.

222 cture in rodents and primates elicits abrupt defensive responses, including flight, freezing, sympath

223 ivity in these neurons biases toward passive defensive responses, low activity in these neurons allow

224 ision relies on using visually guided innate defensive responses, such as escape or freeze, that invo

225 ternal state necessary for the motivation of defensive responses, while the latter serves as a motor

226 FC and lOFC contribute to the attenuation of defensive responses.

227 iaqueductal gray, a brainstem area vital for defensive responses.

228 self-gating mechanism that regulates innate defensive responses.

229 enhanced food seeking behaviors and loss of defensive responses.

230 has a key role in learning and expression of defensive responses.

231 hese neurons allows the expression of active defensive responses.

232 interactions shape perception of threat and defensive responses.

233 Our results show CBDs' defensive role against pest insects, which suggests its

234 strate that the PME inhibitor AtPMEI13 has a defensive role during aphid infestation, since pmei13 mu

235 een IELs and ECs, and reveal a critical host-defensive role for type-2 immunity in regulating EC tiss

236 The results suggest that Li3CARS may have a defensive role in Lavandula.

237 To investigate the defensive role of CBD, a feeding preference assay was pe

238 Thus, we demonstrate a defensive role of the gut microbiota against Listeria mo

239 that the Arabidopsis circadian clock plays a defensive role.

240 within funnel-web spiders, consistent with a defensive role.

241 ironmental stress and capacity for producing defensive secondary metabolites have contributed to the

242 cycle arrest-a function that may serve as a defensive shield against conventional chemotherapeutic a

243 salicylate-based or jasmonate/ethylene-based defensive signaling, respectively.

244 We show that these signals enhance defensive signalling by also attracting guard bees and t

245 s not only in offensive warfare, but also in defensive situations.

246 Plant trichomes are defensive specialized epidermal cells.

247 The production and regulation of defensive specialized metabolites play a central role in

248 Fear responses are defensive states that ensure survival of an organism in

249 ches between exploratory and nonexploratory, defensive states.

250 d greater inactivation of eIF2alpha, a major defensive step of the unfolded protein response.

251 es between reservoir and spillover hosts and defensive strategies likely utilized by bat hosts of oth

252 ns for the evolution and interrelatedness of defensive strategies.

253 iont-strain interactions, such that the best defensive strategy against parasitoids varied for each a

254 ng in Palaeozoic euarthropods, and suggest a defensive strategy against predation, previously only kn

255 Behavioral thermoregulation is a defensive strategy employed by some insects to counter i

256 the defensive action, including changing the defensive strategy from escape to freezing.

257 Cyanogenesis denotes a chemical defensive strategy where hydrogen cyanide (HCN, hydrocya

258 otype determines entrance specialization and defensive strategy, while head size sets the specific si

259 ani) uses adhesive secretions as part of its defensive strategy.

260 In addition, we used the in vivo defensive strike response threshold assayed with von Fre

261 s noted in the hornworm, Manduca sexta, as a defensive strike response.

262 o hornworm, Manduca sexta, the movement is a defensive strike targeted to a noxious stimulus on the a

263 rocess of cashew nuts, the amount of caustic defensive substance in the nut mesocarp decreases.

264 , due to epileptic activity within the brain defensive survival circuit structures.

265 in human limbic structures connected to the defensive survival circuits, which has implications for

266 s neural substrates relate to these distinct defensive survival circuits.

267 l exposure to inhaled pathogens stimulates a defensive swarm of microbiocidal exosomes, which also do

268 ur study identifies a novel RIP in an insect defensive symbiont and suggests an underlying RIP-depend

269 Here, we explore the effect of a defensive symbiont on population dynamics and species ex

270 nships, but recent examples demonstrate that defensive symbionts are both quite common and diverse.

271 e research, and may better prepare us to use defensive symbionts as biocontrol agents.

272 Our results show that defensive symbionts can cause extinction cascades in exp

273 Defensive symbionts can have surprisingly large effects

274 cult to identify and quantify the roles that defensive symbionts play in host-parasite systems.

275 In protection mutualisms, defensive symbionts protect their hosts from natural ene

276 enemies can be modulated by the presence of defensive symbionts.

277 otection to the other-a relationship termed 'defensive symbiosis'.

278 Defensive system activation promotes heightened percepti

279 on from oleuropein and keep the dual-partner defensive system conditionally inactive.

280 later, forcing microbes to devise layers of defensive tactics that fend off the destructive actions

281 A new study shows that the defensive thorns of Citrus plants are produced when a TC

282 Here we show competition between defensive (to avoid predatory detection) and approach (t

283 tal support to mastication, from sensors and defensive tools to optical function.

284 nuptial gifts contain lucibufagin, a firefly defensive toxin.

285 ed with each other, potentially reflecting a defensive trade-off.

286 Defensive traits are likely important for diversificatio

287 predation risk in nature by determining how defensive traits correlate with wing damage caused by fa

288 Furthermore, host defensive traits explained 40% of herbivore community si

289 nsect herbivores depend on the nutritive and defensive traits of their host plants.

290 In nature, it remains unclear how defensive traits such as crypsis, activity levels and sp

291 use of the additive influence of the various defensive traits.

292 ant Gestalt, but vary substantially in their defensive traits.

293 ir offspring could not develop such adaptive defensive traits.

294 tions, and the multi-trophic significance of defensive traits; therefore the review ends by suggestin

295 ted a fear-related anti-predator reaction of defensive treading and burying directed toward the corne

296 nisms and is typically used as a close-range defensive trick.

297 dealt with in the same way in offensive and defensive warfare: by strong leadership, discipline, rew

298 called algogens, cause pain and are used as defensive weapons by plants and stinging insects.

299 hanistically distinct forms of memory in the defensive withdrawal reflex, suggesting functional coord

300 ural circuit that contributes to learning in defensive withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia californica, we