ライフサイエンスコーパス: diffraction

1 th NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

2 crystals structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction.

3 acterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction.

4 providing single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction.

5 al spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and X-ray diffraction.

6 ontrolled desiccators, and analyzed by x-ray diffraction.

7 diamond anvil cell coupled with radial X-ray diffraction.

8 by the fundamental constraints of lightwave diffraction.

9 cations by asynchronous stroboscopic neutron diffraction.

10 was characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction.

11 cult to obtain conclusive results from X-ray diffraction.

12 stalline state, as evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction.

13 eadily detected by conventional X-ray powder diffraction.

14 ction of hematite (Fe(2)O(3)) by micro-X-ray diffraction.

15 rent bulk structural damage visible by X-ray diffraction.

16 PST-5 crystals is determined by 3D electron diffraction.

17 single crystals that are suitable for X-ray diffraction.

18 rientations detected by electron backscatter diffraction.

19 der (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) diffraction.

20 c space group (Pbam) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

21 tructures obtained with single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

22 ials, as measured by N(2) sorption and X-ray diffraction.

23 oscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction.

24 ed in pathology are limited in resolution by diffraction.

25 spectrometry as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

26 nd their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction.

27 Raman spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction.

28 ework identification by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1D and 2D solid-state (19)F NMR spectroscop

29 by transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, (29)Si NMR and nitrogen adsorption-desorpti

30 characterized by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED), which revealed that ABTPA uses out-

31 Although three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D-ED) data has been used to solve structur

32 gement, confirmed in situ using powder X-ray diffraction, allows adsorbent design trade-offs to be ov

33 his multinuclear NMR study demonstrates that diffraction alone is insufficient to characterize the ph

34 Single-crystal X-ray diffraction, alongside in situ fluorescence and UV/Vis a

35 X-ray diffraction, Amorphous silicon, Multi-objective optimiza

36 specially as Pg, during single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, which could complicate fine mappin

37 es as well as crystalline-sponge-based X-ray diffraction analyses.

38 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and micro Raman spectroscopy are em

39 d for the first time by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and nOe NMR experiments.

40 Such results were confirmed in X-ray diffraction analysis by the presence of (002) and (100)

41 Electron diffraction analysis indicates that despite the distinct

42 In particular, X-ray diffraction analysis of [3.F(-)] reveals that the encaps

43 X-ray diffraction analysis of the 4-Cl substituted species and

44 Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal-organic framework, pre

45 X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the solid-state supers

46 scopic and electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction analysis, and density functional theory (DFT

47 ns of framework solubility, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis.

48 ues in conjunction with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

49 and was isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction and (1)H NMR and (57)Fe Mossbauer spectrosco

50 n techniques, and investigated with electron diffraction and atomic resolution scanning transmission

51 ersive spectroscopy, selective area electron diffraction and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) and X-ray P

52 rted SrB(3) C(3) ,([1]) single-crystal X-ray diffraction and computational modelling indicate that th

53 using high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed by high-temperature (31)P NMR

54 Experimental approaches such as fiber diffraction and cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction

55 These samples were also analysed by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry.

56 ies, including high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier tra

57 are carried out using a combination of X-ray diffraction and digital image correlation on the near su

58 ering of the Al atoms, as evident from X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy.

59 Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and gas chromatography further indicate that

60 e been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and have the formulas [CrNi(2)(F)(O(2)C(t)Bu

61 als using a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy.

62 or neutron scattering combined with electron diffraction and imaging.

63 In situ neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering revealed th

64 MIL-101 under pressure by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and infrared (IR) spectroscopy with several

65 Validated by X-ray diffraction and modeling, a systematic variation of link

66 Herein we apply high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations to gain i

67 as demonstrated by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman studies.

68 X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements yield extensiv

69 X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed mini

70 laboratory and in operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and scattering experiments with geochemical

71 Using X-ray diffraction and second-harmonic generation, we study str

72 vimetric analysis and high temperature X-ray diffraction and showed a lower formation temperature for

73 by high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and state-of-the-art scanning transmission e

74 In situ X-ray diffraction and thorough characterization of solids obta

75 Structure refinements against neutron diffraction and total scattering data and theoretical ca

76 Here single-crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) m

77 Ex situ in-plane X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity collected as a functi

78 A combination of NMR, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations

79 clear NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT computations.

80 opy, mass spectrometry, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and DFT studies.

81 urier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy.

82 urier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and gelatinization assays revealed that ult

83 urier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy indicated

84 comere-contractility assays, low-angle x-ray diffraction, and superresolution microscopy revealed tha

85 by NMR in solution, MS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and variable-temperature solid-state NMR by

86 idence arising from the application of X-ray diffraction, and vibrational, electronic, and X-ray spec

87 atios using Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated

88 using sequential chemical extraction, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

89 was solved by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction as a 6-component twin due to pseudocubic sym

90 s been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as a solvent-separated ion triplet with two

91 alyzed by low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction as well as scanning probe microscopy.

92 Single-crystal cryogenic X-ray diffraction at 6 K, electron paramagnetic resonance spec

93 ples calculations, synchrotron X-ray/neutron diffraction, atom-probe tomography, and scanning transmi

94 article will show that single crystal X-ray diffraction based on both Bragg and diffuse scattering a

95 erties which are difficult to distinguish by diffraction-based techniques.

96 Starting with the desired diffraction beam profile, we apply an inverse model to e

97 esent here a comprehensive analysis based on diffraction (Bragg and pair distribution function), spec

98 hat were unsuitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction, but ideal for MicroED.

99 L pulses is relieved through gating of Bragg diffraction by loss of crystalline order as damage progr

100 Engineering neutron diffraction can nondestructively and noninvasively probe

101 MR, or deuteration for neutron scattering or diffraction, can be realized by an efficient ligation pr

102 Using X-ray diffraction computed tomography, we show that the diffra

103 Here, operando high-resolution X-ray diffraction-computed tomography is used to spatially and

104 e viability of the approach for imaging with diffraction contrast and suggests application to a wide

105 lysis and the low-dose formation of multiple diffraction contrast images for defect analysis in MOFs.

106 ied using crystal truncation rod (CTR) X-ray diffraction coupled with density functional theory (DFT)

107 WS(2) films using scanning nanobeam electron diffraction coupled with multivariate statistical analys

108 haracterized using bulk and microprobe X-ray diffraction coupled with pair distribution function and

109 zed crystals by continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED).

110 From powder X-ray diffraction data an idealized structural model of K-PHI

111 rgy ligand conformational ensembles in X-ray diffraction data and provide an alternative to using B-f

112 veld refinements on X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data confirm that the compound is isostructu

113 Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction data confirms that anodic halogenation of el

114 Cryocrystallography at 150 K, which compared diffraction data from a single crystal as Pb or after ir

115 X-ray diffraction data indicate that with elevated dATP, myosi

116 Furthermore, single crystal diffraction data obtained from oxidation of one and both

117 Neutron diffraction data obtained from putative APX-II crystals

118 ity functional theory calculations and X-ray diffraction data predicts that residual stresses arise b

119 rystal structures using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveal that the distortion of the inorg

120 High-pressure x-ray diffraction data show that CaO(3) crystal forms at 35 GP

121 ous semiconductors obtained via inversion of diffraction data.

122 structure confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction determination, as well as a range of new sup

123 i are spatially mapped using in situ neutron diffraction during multiaxial loading and heating.

124 , correlative SECCM and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) images show the dependence of PZC on

125 Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is one of the primary tools for cryst

126 Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) reveals that the microstructural feat

127 to potential contribution from higher order diffraction effects or other diffraction planes and ther

128 X-ray diffraction evidence indicates that with elevated dATP,

129 In the X-ray diffraction experiment, transformation of the cubic Mg(2

130 Anomalous diffraction experiments show that Ba(2+) primarily binds

131 By time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments, the influence of segregation-in

132 strong impact on the interpretation of self-diffraction experiments.

133 e x-ray scattering and complementary neutron diffraction experiments.

134 specifically identified by any known powder diffraction files.

135 ing different analytical tools such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared, high-resolutio

136 We find that GIWAXS can decouple diffraction from cellulose and epicuticular wax crystals

137 X-ray diffraction from P2-stacked bicelle multilayers revealed

138 ay absorption spectroscopy (GIXAS) and X-ray diffraction (GIXRD).

139 traviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), a diffraction grating, and collimation slit, in order to c

140 To showcase the potential of this technique, diffraction gratings, bilayer wire-grid polarizers, and

141 High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been used to trap both the low-spin (LS)

142 g using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD).

143 In-situ X-ray diffraction identifies the formation of PdH in Pd/NbN an

144 scanning-electron-microscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction identify different crystal-arrays architectu

145 tychography is a rapidly developing coherent diffraction imaging technique that provides nanoscale re

146 ron laser-based time-resolved coherent X-ray diffraction imaging to investigate the internal deformat

147 AS NMR, N(2) adsorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction indicate the structural integrity of all com

148 X-ray spectroscopy (i.e., XAS and EDX) and diffraction indicated that U-As-Ca- and U-Ca-bearing sol

149 Combining in situ neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron spectroscopy, density fun

150 vely, using single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and theoretical comp

151 The cold neutron imaging and diffraction instrument IMAT, at the second target statio

152 an be modeled by accounting for differential diffraction intensity decay due to the nonuniform illumi

153 The diffraction intensity halved its initial value at averag

154 and matter occurs at the surface, producing diffraction, interference and reflectance, and light tra

155 x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction investigations confirm structural and chemic

156 The signature for diffraction is evident by varying the scattering angle a

157 shot mode, where the momentum resolution in diffraction is improved, and the accumulation mode, wher

158 ultrathin optical elements to metal-free sub-diffraction light confinement and waveguiding.

159 s high spatial resolution due to the optical diffraction limit and difficulty to preserve a high-qual

160 ation microscopy (SIM) surpasses the optical diffraction limit and offers a two-fold enhancement in r

161 rDNA chromatin at size scales well below the diffraction limit by optical microscopy.

162 ved FTIR transmission-like spectra below the diffraction limit of infrared wavelengths, doing so in a

163 However, the diffraction limit precludes the low-power trapping of na

164 the manipulation of light beyond the optical diffraction limit(1-4) and may therefore confer advantag

165 roscopy (AFM-IR), which circumvents the Abbe diffraction limit, allows nanoscale chemical characteriz

166 nanostructures can focus light far below the diffraction limit, and the nearly thousandfold field enh

167 oscopy techniques that can even overcome the diffraction limit.

168 ocopy provides optical resolution beyond the diffraction limit.

169 ion probes resolves membranes well below the diffraction limit.

170 th spatial resolution restricted by the Abbe diffraction limit.

171 de an effective approach to achieving 3D sub-diffraction-limit information in subcellular structures

172 opy is a contactless method that circumvents diffraction limitations by using changes in the scatteri

173 rs a two-fold enhancement in resolution over diffraction limited microscopy.

174 HAMLs demonstrated diffraction limited performance for numerical apertures

175 localization methods are, in their majority, diffraction-limited and fail to deliver matching resolut

176 nt framework that can transform conventional diffraction-limited optical microscopes for nanoscale vi

177 high-resolution cryo-electron tomography and diffraction-limited optical microscopy.

178 ly optimized image-reconstruction algorithm, diffraction-limited optical performance to resolve subce

179 However, challenges remain to achieve diffraction-limited resolution and better surface locali

180 techniques have been developed to break the diffraction-limited resolution of light microscopy.

181 PANORAMA provides diffraction-limited resolution, higher surface sensitivi

182 in situ imaging of such interactions produce diffraction-limited signals and therefore preclude infor

183 Sub-diffraction-limited spatial resolution fluorescence imag

184 as adsorption analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and a

185 The X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate the presence of the

186 iments featured in situ X-ray tomography and diffraction measurements of contact fabric, particle kin

187 X-ray diffraction measurements of excited colloidal crystals m

188 Electron microscopy and selected area diffraction measurements show that the domains of the he

189 chrotron X-ray absorption, fluorescence, and diffraction methods, support successful incorporation of

190 DAC) was determined by microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED).

191 Operando experiments by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and galvanostatic i

192 nsively investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption, cyclic

193 er-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction observations confirmed that the NLs have bee

194 Single-crystal x-ray diffraction of 2 and 3 revealed four-coordinate Fe cente

195 X-ray fiber diffraction of amyloid mats and fibers from all three pr

196 ent in situ structural measurements by X-ray diffraction of selected amorphous silicates compressed s

197 natural product and by single X-ray crystal diffraction of synthetic intermediates.

198 High-pressure X-ray diffraction, optical absorption, and transport measureme

199 te, namely DMASnBr(3) , obtained by means of diffraction, optical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscop

200 ing studies, revealing novel stereodynamics, diffraction oscillations and scattering resonances.

201 and morphology were observed by powder-X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), transmission electron microscopy (T

202 n be resolved by holographic analysis of the diffraction pattern in wide-field imaging.

203 Fitting this diffraction pattern to Lorenz-Mie scattering theory yiel

204 normal maize RS3 displayed the B-type X-ray diffraction pattern, with 41.0% and 37.7% relative cryst

205 tures displaying a characteristic cross-beta diffraction pattern.

206 nations were successfully reconstructed from diffraction patterns acquired in one scan, with image qu

207 s were recorded for small-scatter Fraunhofer diffraction patterns and also visualized RBCs.

208 tu, variable-temperature low-energy electron diffraction patterns demonstrate that the phase transiti

209 such as comparison with previously measured diffraction patterns, known as look-up tables.

210 d on each of these signatures (multispectral diffraction patterns, two-dimensional transmission coeff

211 e crystal lattice distortion in powder X-ray diffraction patterns.

212 ghum wax oleogels exhibited two common x-ray diffraction peaks around d-value of 0.415 nm and 0.374 n

213 We also observe a broadening of the diffraction peaks which is greater for the beta-Ti phase

214 Utilizing precession electron diffraction (PED) techniques, crystallographic orientati

215 on very thin layers of PbTiO(3) using x-ray diffraction, piezoforce microscopy, electrical character

216 om higher order diffraction effects or other diffraction planes and thereby increases the sensitivity

217 lity metrics such as resolution, Cruickshank Diffraction Precision index, or unresolved residues.

218 atomic structural analysis and in situ X-ray diffraction, presenting itself as a promising strategy f

219 tandem with the forward model, predicts the diffraction profile with a correlation coefficient as hi

220 An analysis of its X-ray diffraction provided detailed information on its structu

221 try, polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction provided insight into the unique self-assemb

222 explored under various conditions and X-ray diffraction provides a measurement of the high-pressure,

223 ions, while in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) enables us to monitor the evolution o

224 a range of techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),

225 s to distinguish proteins that can result in diffraction-quality crystals from those that cannot.

226 cal characterization and rapid in-situ x-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps during the growth usin

227 The X-ray diffraction results of this investigation show that part

228 scopies as well as electron and powder X-ray diffraction reveal a complex lamellar structure of benza

229 X-ray diffraction revealed that the actin filament is twisted

230 Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that the MA, FA, and GA structures c

231 Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that Y6 molecules cofacially pack vi

232 e same crystalline quality measured by X-ray diffraction rocking curves.

233 cles (TiO(2)-NPs) via selected area electron diffraction (SAED).

234 with UV/vis spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and multiscale modeling, to draw a d

235 differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction scattering, respectively.

236 the emerging technique of scanning electron diffraction (SED) can bridge this gap uniquely enabling

237 The thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction showed that the amount of solid lipid (glyce

238 s by compound refractive lenses to probe the diffraction signal of the actomyosin lattice.

239 action computed tomography, we show that the diffraction signal of the carbon-based pigment itself ca

240 b initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics and diffraction simulations, our experiment provides a clear

241 austenite [gamma-Fe(0)], appear in the X-ray diffraction spectra minutes after the addition of ferrih

242 high-speed single-point edge-excitation sub-diffraction (SPEED) microscopy and its two-dimensional (

243 Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies indicate that ZU-61 with guest-respo

244 Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that these complexes have nea

245 X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the films had tetragon

246 X-ray diffraction studies showed that cis- and trans-1,3-disub

247 d on results of in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies up to 27 GPa, we report the discover

248 A combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, solution and solid-state magnetic s

249 , (29)Si, and (1)H DOSY NMR as well as X-ray diffraction studies.

250 picture of speciation is uncovered by X-ray diffraction studies.

251 Here we report a resonant X-ray diffraction study of ZrTe[Formula: see text], a model CD

252 In agreement with X-ray diffraction study the main results of TEM study include:

253 was substantiated with single crystal X-ray diffraction study.

254 om bulk samples for which probing with Bragg diffraction technique is not possible.

255 he application of in-situ, neutron or X-ray, diffraction techniques to correlating SF strengthening t

256 cterization gap has emerged between the bulk diffraction techniques used to detect defect nanodomains

257 synchrotron single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques.

258 een also obtained using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques.

259 urier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of NH(3),

260 25)), which, although shown by in situ X-ray diffraction to be highly crystalline in the reaction mix

261 Thus, we used in-situ neutron diffraction to correlate SF strengthening to work harden

262 iffraction, we leverage single-crystal X-ray diffraction to identify the sequence of lattice intersti

263 beta) X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to monitor and quantify the effects of SR X-

264 We used time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction to study tarantula muscle before and after t

265 Here, we used combined optical diffraction tomography and epi-fluorescence microscopy t

266 molecular information provided by 3D optical diffraction tomography and Raman spectroscopy, respectiv

267 ucted comprehensive microanalysis with X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and

268 ng the crystal size distribution using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and in-sit

269 haracterized step by step using powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogra

270 10(-5) energy spread for ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM

271 rm well in both nanometer-scale imaging with diffraction unlimited stimulated emission depletion (STE

272 Analyzing both X-ray and neutron powder diffraction using the Rietveld method with two different

273 by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry (CV),

274 erimental/computational approach using X-ray diffraction; UV/vis, MCD, IR, EPR, and NMR spectroscopy;

275 Electron diffraction verifies that all shells in the heterostruct

276 olymorph, coupled with operando powder X-ray diffraction, we leverage single-crystal X-ray diffractio

277 nalysis, contact angle goniometry, and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the physical and c

278 aracterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which reveals the presence of an unusual he

279 of such breathing nucleosomes through x-ray diffraction with contrast matching between the solvent a

280 to combine structural information from Bragg diffraction with dynamic information contained in the di

281 With operando full field diffraction X-ray microscopy, we observe the formation o

282 using in situ grazing-angle X-ray scattering/diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and Raman te

283 ully characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, UV-vis spect

284 clear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray tomographical imaging, Raman and infr

285 compound, we use operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) s

286 ansform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy.

287 Operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a valuable tool for studying second

288 (DSC), polarised light microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques.

289 led Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET)

290 on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

291 Sil-C16 and MSil-Ph) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spe

292 X-ray diffraction (XRD), gel permeation chromatography (GPC),

293 ransmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visib

294 fferential scanning colorimeter (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Rheology, Scanning electron microscop

295 The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) wi

296 om scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron micros

297 e CdMnTe thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Sputtered neutral-mass spectroscopy (

298 canning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

299 canning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD).

300 spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and molecular fingerprinting as dry