ライフサイエンスコーパス: dinoflagellate

1 inium carterae, a model peridinin-containing dinoflagellate.

2 anation for toxin production in this harmful dinoflagellate.

3 ssessing the toxicological potential of this dinoflagellate.

4 cosmopolitan red tide forming heterotrophic dinoflagellate.

5 d to harmful bacteria and/or toxin-producing dinoflagellates.

6 systems as well as transcriptomes from other dinoflagellates.

7 predating the divergence of apicomplexan and dinoflagellates.

8 ing model to address the circadian system of dinoflagellates.

9 ogy, evolution, and systematics of symbiotic dinoflagellates.

10 t can be used to compare this genus to other dinoflagellates.

11 yotes such as diatoms, coccolithophorans and dinoflagellates.

12 -like machinery long thought not to exist in dinoflagellates.

13 nicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton, such as dinoflagellates.

14 ata, a group that also includes ciliates and dinoflagellates.

15 ome c oxidase 1 (cox1) from a broad range of dinoflagellates.

16 s placed this species on the basal branch of dinoflagellates.

17 opical waters is attributed to endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.

18 ot derived, as widely believed) condition in dinoflagellates.

19 symbioses between corals and symbiodiniacean dinoflagellates.

20 lykrikos kofoidii and, potentially, in other dinoflagellates.

21 and toxin distribution and content in toxic dinoflagellate A. minutum of the Mediterranean Sea using

22 tely constructed opercula, demonstrating the dinoflagellate affinity of pithonellids, which has long

23 The bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum responds to pico- to

24 xpressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (for details, see t

25 anus finmarchicus consumes the STX-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense with no effect on

26 icus co-occurs with the neurotoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense.

27 ction in the replacement chloroplasts of the dinoflagellate alga Karenia mikimotoi.

28 n the fucoxanthin-containing plastids of the dinoflagellate alga Karenia mikimotoi.

29 During bleaching, endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae (Symbiodinium spp.) either are lost

30 Dinoflagellate algae are important primary producers and

31 Dinoflagellate algae are notorious for their highly unus

32 Symbiotic dinoflagellate algae residing inside coral tissues suppl

33 At the base of the reef ecosystem are dinoflagellate algae, which live symbiotically within co

34 (the coral) and intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellate algae.

35 Many corals harbour symbiotic dinoflagellate algae.

36 port of stable chloroplast transformation in dinoflagellate algae.

37 Seriatopora caliendrum, which inherit their dinoflagellate algal symbionts vertically.

38 Corals comprise a biomineralizing cnidarian, dinoflagellate algal symbionts, and associated microbiom

39 on species, including copepods, diatoms, and dinoflagellates, all found in the North Atlantic and adj

40 The bioluminescence of dinoflagellates, alveolate protists that use light emiss

41 pacity for crystalline guanine by the marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae was sufficient to su

42 P) peridinin-chlorophyll a proteins from the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae were investigated us

43 ifferent light-harvesting complexes from the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae: main-form (MFPCP) a

44 part of the fragmented plastid genome of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium operculatum, have been identi

45 For dinoflagellates, an ancient alveolate group of about 200

46 Dinoflagellates, an ecologically important protist linea

47 est that prior to plastid endosymbiosis, the dinoflagellate ancestor possessed complex pathways that

48 An individual alpha subunit is found in a dinoflagellate and an individual beta subunit is found i

49 n the life history of ecologically important dinoflagellate and haptophyte microalgae.

50 r future research to better understand coral-dinoflagellate and other eukaryote-eukaryote symbioses.

51 ave originated at the point of divergence of dinoflagellates and apicomplexan parasites from ciliates

52 insus marinus, taxonomically related to both dinoflagellates and apicomplexans, possesses at least tw

53 ubiquitously found in close association with dinoflagellates and coccolithophores produce an unusual

54 microalgae, including climatically important dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, requires the close

55 While the range of dinoflagellates and copepods tended to closely track the

56 mmertime decline of key biota-large diatoms, dinoflagellates and copepods-that traditionally fuel hig

57 ry metabolite produced by several species of dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria which targets voltage-

58 en host and plastid is observed in different dinoflagellates and how dinoflagellates may thus inform

59 from taxonomically and ecotypically diverse dinoflagellates and its structural similarity and phylog

60 irst week of study and gradual reductions in dinoflagellates and ochrophytes.

61 s possess smaller nuclear genomes than other dinoflagellates and produce structurally specialized, bi

62 duplications as an evolutionary mechanism in dinoflagellates and Symbiodinium.

63 different degrees of integration observed in dinoflagellates and their associated plastids, which hav

64 ancestral, red algal-derived chloroplasts of dinoflagellates and their closest relatives.

65 ganisms (exceptions include the chromatin of dinoflagellates and vertebrate sperm).

66 es of coral bleaching (loss of the symbiotic dinoflagellates) and coral mortality have occurred with

67 and a related nontoxic cryptoperidiniopsoid dinoflagellate), and P. shumwayae strain CCMP2089, which

68 ), have been used to assess DNA barcoding in dinoflagellates, and both failed to amplify all taxa and

69 ankton taxon dominance shifted from diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophorids to smaller taxa a

70 positive relationship with the abundance of dinoflagellates, and DMSP-degrading gammaproteobacteria

71 tiluca, monophyly of thecate (plate-bearing) dinoflagellates, and paraphyly of athecate ones.

72 sed oil in surface waters when heterotrophic dinoflagellates are abundant or bloom.

73 The dinoflagellates are an ecologically important group of m

74 Dinoflagellates are an important component of the marine

75 Dinoflagellates are important components of marine ecosy

76 Dinoflagellates are key species in marine environments,

77 ic pathways, suggesting that all free-living dinoflagellates are metabolically dependent on plastids.

78 Dinoflagellates are microscopic, eukaryotic, and primari

79 Genomic approaches to study dinoflagellates are often stymied due to their large, mu

80 Although dinoflagellates are primarily free-living, Symbiodiniace

81 Dinoflagellates are some of the most common eukaryotic c

82 Dinoflagellates are unique among eukaryotes in their unu

83 out the evolution of secondary metabolism in dinoflagellates as comparative genomic approaches have b

84 roduce aragonitic spherulites and encase the dinoflagellates as endolithic cells.

85 ese results highlight the unique position of dinoflagellates as the champions of plastid gene transfe

86 nd interactive physiology of different coral-dinoflagellate assemblages is virtually unexplored but i

87 osed of the coral animal host, endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, associated viruses, bacteria, and other

88 rely on both heterotrophy and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate autotrophy to meet their metabolic needs.

89 er from a fish-killing culture, we produced 'dinoflagellate', 'bacteria' and 'cell-free' fractions.

90 ally diverse organisms (e.g., cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, beetles) produce structurally distinct

91 dinosterol in the group is inconsistent with dinoflagellates being the source of this biomarker in pr

92 istribution and abundance of benthic harmful dinoflagellate (BHAB) species.

93 Dinoflagellate biogeography and sea surface temperature

94 Dinoflagellate biology and genome evolution have been dr

95 ae might be crucial for the termination of a dinoflagellate bloom.

96 cosystems with boom and bust cycles of toxic dinoflagellate blooms, jellyfish, and disease.

97 ailable genomic datasets for Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates (both cultured and in hospite with the c

98 nce that brevetoxins promote survival of the dinoflagellates by deterring grazing by zooplankton.

99 A monophyletic group of dinoflagellates, called 'dinotoms', are known to possess

100 t phytoplankton, including raphidophytes and dinoflagellates, can actively diversify their migratory

101 s, Phaeocystis, and mixotrophic/phagotrophic dinoflagellates, can explain a large majority of the spa

102 Some microplanktonic species, mostly dinoflagellates, causing Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), pr

103 on is a well-known physiological response of dinoflagellate cells to environmental stresses.

104 Dinoflagellates, cercozoa, eustigmatophytes, and haptoph

105 e introduced novel genetic material into the dinoflagellate chloroplast genome.

106 We present a model for RNA metabolism in dinoflagellate chloroplasts where long polycistronic pre

107 new study finds that acquisition of a novel dinoflagellate chromatin protein was an early step in th

108 ntrast to their pioneering predecessors, the dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, and diatoms all conta

109 A set of dinoflagellate common genes and transcripts of dominant

110 ulodinium polyedrum, a marine bioluminescent dinoflagellate, consists of three similar but not identi

111 Peridinin-pigmented dinoflagellates contain secondary plastids that seem to

112 ellets containing crude oil by heterotrophic dinoflagellates could contribute to the sinking and flux

113 We use dinoflagellate cyst and stable carbon isotope stratigrap

114 he large reduction in shading from decreased dinoflagellate density.

115 A gradual succession of dinoflagellates, diatoms, and chrysophytes occurred duri

116 autotrophic taxa in phytoplankton, including dinoflagellates, diatoms, and haptophytes (prymnesiophyt

117 nt, fresher environments whereas diatoms and dinoflagellates dominated higher salinity sections of th

118 and metatranscriptomics suggested diatom and dinoflagellate-dominated communities.

119 is range, with an ecotone at 20-40 m where a dinoflagellate-dominated community transitioned to domin

120 Some marine plankton called dinoflagellates emit light in response to the movement o

121 on channels, HV1, trigger bioluminescence in dinoflagellates, enable calcification in coccolithophore

122 Interactions between the dinoflagellate endosymbiont Symbiodinium and its cnidari

123 munity diversity metrics were quantified for dinoflagellate endosymbionts (Family: Symbiodiniaceae) f

124 little about how the host cnidarian and its dinoflagellate endosymbionts communicate with each other

125 ce data abounds from numerous studies on the dinoflagellate endosymbionts of corals, and yet the mult

126 delve into the existing, largely unannotated dinoflagellate EST datasets (DinoEST).

127 Many outstanding questions about dinoflagellate evolution can potentially be resolved by

128 r morphological and molecular transitions in dinoflagellate evolution.

129 , IRI-160AA induced cell cycle arrest in all dinoflagellates examined.

130 Dinoflagellates experienced significantly increased grow

131 mbiosis between reef-building corals and the dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae.

132 ral host and its photosynthetic endosymbiont dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae) that supply the

133 Toxicity and its detection in the dinoflagellate fish predators Pfiesteria piscicida and P

134 revious analyses, the fucoxanthin-containing dinoflagellates formed a well-supported sister group wit

135 genome evolution vis-a-vis the transition of dinoflagellates from free-living to symbiotic and propos

136 Responses of the diatom, haptophyte, and dinoflagellate functional groups in simulated blooms wer

137 mbly and binning) associated with the marine dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus carolinianus and G. cariba

138 tudy not only has provided the most complete dinoflagellate gene catalog known to date, it has also e

139 eatly hampered by the lack of an appropriate dinoflagellate genetic transformation technology.

140 o interrogate evolution and functionality of dinoflagellate genomes and endosymbiosis.

141 Mass appearances of the toxic dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis are known to cause dange

142 The symbiotic dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium is genetically diverse

143 Symbiosis between unicellular dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) and their cnidarian

144 Bioluminescent dinoflagellates grow at one third the rate of their comp

145 Plastid-transferred genes in the dinoflagellate had an accelerated rate of evolution that

146 sa exposed to grazing cues from copepods and dinoflagellates had significantly decreased growth rates

147 xtrusion, we propose that proton channels in dinoflagellates have fundamentally different functions o

148 circle mechanism, as previously shown in the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa, and present evidence for the

149 hat encodes a transcription factor unique to dinoflagellates (HPl), and genes encoding proteins simil

150 Karenia brevis, the major HAB dinoflagellate in the Gulf of Mexico, produces potent ne

151 resolution marker for distinguishing species dinoflagellates in culture.

152 to high temperature across various symbiotic dinoflagellates in four common Pacific coral species, Ac

153 c flexibility likely explains the success of dinoflagellates in marine ecosystems and may presage dif

154 e features more similar to apicomplexan than dinoflagellate introns.

155 es that crude oil ingestion by heterotrophic dinoflagellates is a noteworthy route by which petroleum

156 Understanding the biology of toxic dinoflagellates is crucial to developing control strateg

157 alistic endosymbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates is mediated by complex inter-partner sig

158 been the result of exposure to blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis and its neurotoxin, brevet

159 ecedented polycyclic ether isolated from the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, an organism well-known to

160 maintenance of large blooms of the red-tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, which produces potent neu

161 polyether neurotoxins produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis.

162 s brevetoxins are produced by the 'red tide' dinoflagellate Karenia brevis.

163 e sodium channel neurotoxins produced by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis.

164 Cultures of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi were set up in L1 mediu

165 otoxin 2 (KmTx2; 1), the harmful algal bloom dinoflagellate Karlodinium sp. was collected and scrutin

166 rmful algal bloom (HAB) forming, mixotrophic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum have long been asso

167 lotoxin class of compounds isolated from the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum reveals a significa

168 Lindstrom et al.[4] found that the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra (F.Stein) J.D.Dodg

169 ared with colonization of live plankton (the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum and the copepod T

170 ovo a gene catalog of 74,655 contigs for the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum from RNA-Seq (Ill

171 Cultures of the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum readily form temp

172 he luciferin-binding protein of the luminous dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum, encoded there by

173 of a chlorophyll-derived open tetrapyrrole (dinoflagellate luciferin) to produce blue light.

174 in, coelenterazine, bacterial, Cypridina and dinoflagellate luciferins and their analogues along with

175 lets (1-86 mum in diameter) by heterotrophic dinoflagellates, major components of marine planktonic f

176 igin of bioluminescence in nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellates may be linked to plastidic tetrapyrrole

177 bserved in different dinoflagellates and how dinoflagellates may thus inform our broader understandin

178 ork has extended this view, showing that the dinoflagellate mitochondrial genome contains a wide arra

179 Early studies on the dinoflagellate mitochondrial genome indicated that it en

180 Despite its small coding content, the dinoflagellate mitochondrial genome is one of the most c

181 By integrating dinoflagellate molecular, fossil, and biogeochemical evi

182 Using the recently discovered dinoflagellate mRNA-specific spliced leader as a selecti

183 The capacity of coral-dinoflagellate mutualisms to adapt to a changing climate

184 ir potential role in regulation of cnidarian-dinoflagellate mutualisms.

185 e have examined a relatively small number of dinoflagellates (n = 26) and a paucity of HAB species (n

186 n oil spill (1 muL L(-1)), the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Noctiluca scintillans and Gyrodinium spi

187 laced by widespread blooms of a large, green dinoflagellate, Noctiluca scintillans, which combines ca

188 tly related, fundamentally nonphotosynthetic dinoflagellates, Noctiluca, Oxyrrhis, and Dinophysis, co

189 and transcriptome protein sets show that all dinoflagellates, not only Symbiodinium, possess signific

190 use our phylogenetic framework to show that dinoflagellate nuclei have recruited DNA-binding protein

191 trophic unarmored unicellular bioluminescent dinoflagellate, occurs widely in the oceans, often as a

192 he diatoms, prymnesiophytes, green algae and dinoflagellates of >2-3 mum cell sizes among 12 phytopla

193 Marine dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium are well known

194 The toxicogenicity of dinoflagellates of the genus Pfiesteria has been the foc

195 Dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium are commonly r

196 Dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium express broad

197 The relationship between corals and dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium is fundamental

198 Dinoflagellates of the Symbiodiniaceae family encompass

199 Our findings not only place dinoflagellates on the map of microbial-algal organomine

200 stitute an emergent family of neurotoxins of dinoflagellate origin that are potent antagonists of nic

201 nally diverse transcriptomes proven to be of dinoflagellate origin.

202 tid of peridinin- and fucoxanthin-containing dinoflagellates originated from a haptophyte tertiary en

203 Since 2005, the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata has bloomed across t

204 d method for estimation of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the complex matri

205 rine toxin produced by Zoanthids (Palyhtoa), dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis), and cyanobacteria (Trichod

206 idered with Gracilaria outcompeting Ulva and dinoflagellates outcompeting diatoms under elevated pCO2

207 Lastly, proliferation of diatoms and dinoflagellates over the last five to six centuries, whe

208 Predation rates by the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina on mutants lacking the gi

209 the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to the dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina resulted in NO production

210 al-associated bacterium and a representative dinoflagellate partner, Scrippsiella trochoidea, used ir

211 rely on symbiosis with their photosynthetic dinoflagellate partners (family Symbiodiniaceae) to obta

212 e symbiosis between phytoplankton, e.g., the dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida and Silicibacter sp.

213 fluorescence was positively correlated with dinoflagellate photobiology, but its closest correlation

214 hing, caused by the loss of brownish-colored dinoflagellate photosymbionts from the host tissue of re

215 s and 24 more from DinoEST, showing that the dinoflagellate phylum possesses all 79 eukaryotic RPs.

216 in calcareous cell-wall coverings of extinct dinoflagellates (pithonellids) from a Tanzanian microfos

217 e history was wholly or partially within the dinoflagellate plastid genome have a markedly accelerate

218 To understand better the evolution of the dinoflagellate plastid, four categories of plastid-assoc

219 a unique model to study this process because dinoflagellate plastids have repeatedly been reduced, lo

220 ommon red algal ancestry of apicomplexan and dinoflagellate plastids.

221 Toxic dinoflagellates pose serious threats to human health and

222 Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates possess smaller nuclear genomes than oth

223 cus WH8102 by interfering with attachment of dinoflagellate prey capture organelles or cell surface r

224 This dinoflagellate produces brevetoxins, which are potent ne

225 ioplankton in different blooming phases of a dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense using a metaprot

226 This unique voltage dependence makes the dinoflagellate proton channel ideally suited to mediate

227 and mechanosensitivity in live cells of the dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula.

228 The dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum is o

229 d genome in the dominant perdinin-containing dinoflagellates remain, however, two of the most intrigu

230 d Ciona intestinalis, but their existence in dinoflagellates remained unconfirmed.

231 e half a century of research, the biology of dinoflagellates remains enigmatic: they defy many functi

232 ria piscicida, mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, respectively, and their preys.

233 es from copepods, ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, respectively, under nutrient sufficient

234 ds, while it has been observed that the host dinoflagellates retain the diatoms permanently by contro

235 criptomic analyses of the Antarctic Ross Sea dinoflagellate (RSD), which harbors long-term but tempor

236 c lifestyle in G. caribaeus, the majority of dinoflagellates share a large array of genes that putati

237 and alveolates (ciliates, apicomplexans, and dinoflagellates) share a common ancestor that contained

238 gerprint from the in situ condition, whereas dinoflagellates showed little response.

239 In dinoflagellates, SL RNAs are unusually short at 50-60 nt

240 death and impacts on the cell cycle in three dinoflagellate species (Prorocentrum minimum, Karlodiniu

241 This study of luciferases from seven dinoflagellate species examines the previously undescrib

242 Both dinoflagellate species exhibit complex highly variable s

243 first time between two genetically distinct dinoflagellate species of the genus Symbiodinium (phylot

244 tional editing of mitochondrial mRNAs in the dinoflagellate species Pfiesteria piscicida, Prorocentru

245 Most dinoflagellate species possess plastids that contain the

246 cies (ROS), on gene expression in the marine dinoflagellate species Pyrocystis lunula were investigat

247 ate common genes and transcripts of dominant dinoflagellate species were identified.

248 ted for the flash response of bioluminescent dinoflagellates stimulated by fluid shear.

249 ared the same isoclonal Symbiodinium 'fitti' dinoflagellate strain.

250 main luciferases found in all other luminous dinoflagellates studied.

251 Despite this disadvantage, dinoflagellates successfully persist within phytoplankto

252 e significant numbers of their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodiniaceae).

253 es colonization of the host by the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium minutum.

254 lly beneficial symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) and enduring partner

255 tween scleractinian corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) are the foundation o

256 nderstand how corals and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) respond to environme

257 coral holobiont includes the host, symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.), and a diverse micro

258 ss is due to interactions with endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.), with which they are

259 Symbioses between cnidarians and symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium) are ecologically importan

260 a metagenome-assembled Cladocopium C15 (the dinoflagellate symbiont) and 52 bacterial and archaeal p

261 n Acropora species as well as their dominant dinoflagellate symbiont, Symbiodinium 'fitti'.

262 from a sea anemone, Aiptasia pulchella, and dinoflagellate symbiont, Symbiodinium sp. extract.

263 ng, the adult octocoral Briareum sp. acquire dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodinium sp.) from the env

264 Reef-building corals depend on intracellular dinoflagellate symbionts that provide nutrients.

265 ls and other cnidarians house photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts within membrane-bound compartme

266 ng various phylotypes of Symbiodinium, their dinoflagellate symbionts.

267 Coral-dinoflagellate symbioses are defined as mutualistic beca

268 e is some evidence and conjecture that coral-dinoflagellate symbioses change partnerships in response

269 f the symbiont cell cycle in novel cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses.

270 from recent omics-based studies of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis and discuss the signaling roles

271 The cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis is of huge importance as it und

272 model system for the study of the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, were colonized with the "norma

273 tner nutritional fluxes within the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.

274 p. and the evolutionary history of the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis.

275 rtant role in the establishment of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.

276 ical niches for 87 North Atlantic diatom and dinoflagellate taxa and project changes in species bioge

277 veneficum is a predatory, nonbioluminescent dinoflagellate that produces toxins responsible for fish

278 dinium and Heterocapsa as early splits among dinoflagellates that diverged after the emergence of O.

279 ted eukaryotic molecular machine operates in dinoflagellates that likely encodes many more unsuspecte

280 dopsin suggest a common genetic potential in dinoflagellates to use solar energy nonphotosyntheticall

281 gene responsible for the production of most dinoflagellate toxins.

282 We also gathered available dinoflagellate transcriptome data to trace the evolution

283 ed a taxonomically representative dataset of dinoflagellate transcriptomes and used this to infer a s

284 Likewise, inshore-offshore gradients in dinoflagellate trends, with contemporary increases insho

285 icircle and plastid-transferred genes in the dinoflagellate was strikingly higher than that of nuclea

286 een species representing all major orders of dinoflagellates, we demonstrate that nuclear-encoded mRN

287 he Cu exposure, cells of this photosynthetic dinoflagellate were treated with a critical point drying

288 ur categories of plastid-associated genes in dinoflagellates were defined based on their history of t

289 irements of 41 strains of 27 HAB species (19 dinoflagellates) were investigated.

290 ions of undesirable organisms, such as toxic dinoflagellates, were displaced down-estuary to habitats

291 me architecture are very few and include the dinoflagellates, where genes are located on DNA minicirc

292 ed proton channels in 1972 in bioluminescent dinoflagellates, where they were thought to trigger the

293 rich sequences in Symbiodiniaceae (and other dinoflagellates) which favoured the SC-independent class

294 The dinoflagellates, which are lower eukaryotic algae, also

295 the evolution of the fucoxanthin-containing dinoflagellates, which have adapted pathways retained fr

296 anella sp. IRI-160 that is effective against dinoflagellates, while having little to no effect on oth

297 ers analyses of 3D swimming behavior of fast dinoflagellates, whose motility influences macroassembla

298 m haptophyte prey, and is closely related to dinoflagellates with fully integrated plastids derived f

299 oxins are produced by some species of marine dinoflagellates within the genus Alexandrium.

300 The cyanobacteria coexist with the symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) of the coral and express