ライフサイエンスコーパス: directly modulate

1 the affinity of outer arm dynein for Lis1 is directly modulated.

2 or the 4-Gbit/s link, a green laser diode is directly modulated.

3 results demonstrate that commensal bacteria directly modulate a critical control point of the ubiqui

4 of its host gene, dE2f1, upon DNA damage by directly modulating a dE2F1-dependent apoptotic transcri

5 ed on-off-keyed telecommunication signals by directly modulating a semiconductor laser's drive curren

6 d in the host cytosol and have been shown to directly modulate actin cytoskeleton assembly.

7 e for a specific small heat shock protein in directly modulating actin thin filament length in cardia

8 ative compensatory system that could thereby directly modulate activity in motor circuits to attenuat

9 urvival, suggesting that TLRs on T cells can directly modulate adaptive immune responses.

10 refore, in this artice, we show that MCs may directly modulate adaptive immunity by acting as APCs in

11 indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective behavior.

12 Thus, NRF2 directly modulates AHR signaling, highlighting bidirecti

13 BCL6 validated targets, miR-155 and miR-361 directly modulate AID expression, indicating that via re

14 dy was to investigate whether tiotropium can directly modulate airway sensory nerve activity and ther

15 ndings suggest that DJ-1 may not function to directly modulate alpha-syn nor does DJ-1 appear to play

16 populations and the use of such tetramers to directly modulate an Ag-specific T cell response in vivo

17 Because increased SENP1 expression directly modulated androgen receptor-dependent cell prol

18 We sought to determine whether A fumigatus directly modulates angiogenesis.

19 In contrast, PAR-1 directly modulates apical-basal polarity between border

20 s in epithelial cells of the collecting duct directly modulate aquaporin-2 levels and contribute to t

21 ent activation by the vocal motor system can directly modulate auditory sensitivity to self-generated

22 se findings suggest that the bHLH TF MdbHLH3 directly modulates auxin signaling in controlling leaf s

23 Our finding that MYCN directly modulates baseline MDM2 levels suggests a mecha

24 ial survey of third-order neurons that could directly modulate behavior.

25 signaling pathway(s) utilized by insulin to directly modulate beta-cells is unclear.

26 ions of the linker with membrane alone could directly modulate BK activation.

27 an effect as processors of computations that directly modulate both pre- and postsynaptic neurotransm

28 ch posits that top-down beta-band influences directly modulate bottom-up gamma band influences via cr

29 Strikingly, iNKT cell function was directly modulated by adipocytes, which acted as lipid a

30 linked to respiratory chemosensitivity, are directly modulated by CO2.

31 enes controlled by T-box riboswitches can be directly modulated by commonly used protein synthesis in

32 at endosomal and lysosomal Ca2+ channels are directly modulated by endosomal lipids.

33 cell CO2 and ABA signal transduction are not directly modulated by guard cell photosynthesis/electron

34 us during successful associative binding was directly modulated by increases in spatial and temporal

35 that drive female reproductive behavior are directly modulated by inhibitory neuropeptides.

36 Our finding that this activity can be directly modulated by its gamma-secretase activity has i

37 lease at excitatory hippocampal synapses are directly modulated by Kv1 channel complexes predominantl

38 PPG neuron activity is directly modulated by leptin but was unaffected by other

39 at the genes identified by our procedure are directly modulated by MeCP2.

40 strating that extracellular Abeta levels are directly modulated by neuronal and synaptic activity.

41 ng that the activity of these neurons can be directly modulated by peptidoglycan and that these cells

42 atients' subjective experiences of pain were directly modulated by providers' expectations of treatme

43 e show that the migration of GnRH neurons is directly modulated by Slit2 and Robo3, members of the ax

44 enes, suggesting that these genes either are directly modulated by the degree of epileptic activity o

45 r potency and uptake into bacterial cells is directly modulated by the length of the bridging linker,

46 Star-PAP activity is directly modulated by the PIPKIalpha product phosphatidy

47 This early orbitofrontal activity was directly modulated by the presence of low spatial freque

48 entral nervous system (CNS) are likely to be directly modulated by the same metabolic pathways that r

49 t the local dynamics of the three chains are directly modulated by their proximity to Pro.

50 ntations of objects in working memory can be directly modulated by this process.

51 While T-cell responses are directly modulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands,

52 establish that water molecular diffusion is directly modulated by underlying neuronal activity using

53 tify small molecule drug-like compounds that directly modulate C-Mad2-Cdc20 formation.

54 er Ca(2+) channels to active zones, and they directly modulate Ca(2+)-channel inactivation.

55 g and GHRPam binding to the "a" site did not directly modulate calcium binding to this site.

56 The concept that iloprost does not directly modulate calcium entry was further supported by

57 Nitric oxide (NO) can directly modulate cardiac contractility by accelerating

58 We tested the hypothesis that ghrelin can directly modulate cardiac energy substrate metabolism.

59 provide mechanistic insight into how oxygen directly modulates cardiac contractility and suggest tha

60 he kernel for inspiratory rhythm generation, directly modulate cardiovascular activity.

61 the finding that restoring CREB activity by directly modulating CBP levels in the brains of adult mi

62 e results thus suggest that PcG proteins can directly modulate cell growth in Drosophila, in part by

63 ussion of the role of activated protein C in directly modulating cell system biology, independent of

64 irst reported non-native molecules that both directly modulate CepR and impact QS-controlled phenotyp

65 pectrum of differentially sialylated Nav can directly modulate channel gating, thereby impacting card

66 gulated canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling directly modulated chromatin structures of both MyoD and

67 chain fatty acids, but not hydrogen sulfide, directly modulate circadian clock gene expression within

68 ithin a different region of the hairpin that directly modulate cleavage rates, providing a modular as

69 erresponsiveness and asthma exacerbations by directly modulating contractile responses of HASM.

70 By directly modulating Deltapsim, the mitochondria-targeted

71 heir activation or cilia-associated proteins directly modulate developmental signaling events.

72 e and show that the local tissue environment directly modulates DNA methylation patterns in normal di

73 it remains unknown whether 5-HT2B receptors directly modulate dopaminergic activity and the possible

74 pt that phosphorylation of the KCNQ1 subunit directly modulates drug access to a binding site on the

75 indicating that epigenetic silencing of p73 directly modulates drug sensitivity.

76 unction bridge that serves as a hub for both directly modulating dynein-driven microtubule sliding, a

77 dings highlight an unexpected role for CR in directly modulating effectors such as Ca(v)2.1, which ma

78 e to determine whether Hh-pathway activation directly modulates EMT in liver progenitors.

79 We conclude that PI3K directly modulates ENaC activity via PtdIns(3,4)P(2) and

80 we explored the possibility that rhAPC might directly modulate endothelial function, independent of i

81 OA may directly modulate enzymes connected to insulin biosynthe

82 RK oncogenic signaling pathways, in part, by directly modulating enzymes in these pathways.

83 GA treatment does not directly modulate ErbB2 CME rate but it affects ErbB2 re

84 s-encoded proteins have been identified that directly modulate ERK activities.

85 Moreover, we found that FOXL2 directly modulates Esr2 expression through a newly ident

86 transcriptomic profiling reveals that ZMAT3 directly modulates exon inclusion in transcripts encodin

87 tor endothelial cell shear stress levels and directly modulate expression of an atheroprotective tran

88 E2F transcription factors, including E2F3, directly modulate expression of EZH2.

89 to investigate whether FGFR-3 signaling can directly modulate expression of Paneth cell differentiat

90 Because p53 directly modulates expression of death receptors, we inv

91 t the composition of the extracellular fluid directly modulates extrasynaptic release.

92 h in turn can control dendrite patterning by directly modulating F-actin dynamics through TIAM-1/GEF.

93 ed CD11c(+) populations express IL-1beta and directly modulate FRC function to help promote the initi

94 Furthermore, emotional intent directly modulated functional connectivity of limbic and

95 To further test the hypothesis that IL15 directly modulates GABA turnover by reuptake mechanisms,

96 ts; however, it remains unknown whether H2O2 directly modulates GABAA receptor function.

97 , we assessed the efficacy of one agent that directly modulates GABAergic signaling (baclofen) and on

98 between estrogen state and cortical BDNF: By directly modulating GABAergic interneurons, estrogen may

99 endogenous neuropeptide that can be shown to directly modulate gamma-secretase activity.

100 ization of nicastrin and APH-1, but does not directly modulate gamma-secretase processing of APP and

101 ay be attributed in part to their ability to directly modulate gene expression in kidney mesangial ce

102 demonstrate that Dectin-1 signaling can also directly modulate gene expression via activation of NFAT

103 orter assay (MPRA) to identify variants that directly modulate gene expression.

104 so regulate broad physiological processes by directly modulating gene expression in Metazoa, the regu

105 The potential for galectins to directly modulate HCMV infection has not previously been

106 led by lamin-A and -B, and (ii) lamin levels directly modulate hematopoietic programs.

107 y explored, few compounds are available that directly modulate heterotrimeric G proteins.

108 t, plasma-based optical modulator, which can directly modulate high-power lasers with intensity up to

109 etermine to what extent the Gcn5 bromodomain directly modulates histone acetylation activity.

110 rrini and other flukes secrete proteins that directly modulate host cell proliferation.

111 Our findings demonstrate that insulin can directly modulate hypothalamic neurons that regulate the

112 AKBA also did not directly modulate IKK activity but suppressed the activa

113 infection suggest that steroid sex hormones directly modulate immune cells.

114 evidence demonstrates that acetylcholine can directly modulate immune function in peripheral tissues

115 terals from premotor rubrospinal neurons can directly modulate IN output independent of Purkinje cell

116 The important small biomolecule heme directly modulates in vivo and in vitro the beta-lactama

117 e extracellular matrix in response to injury directly modulate inflammation and consequently the prom

118 or the synthesis of cytosolic RNA:DNA, which directly modulates interferon activation.

119 be exploited in a clinical setting either to directly modulate intrinsic exocytotic mechanisms or to

120 Unlike more complex polyamines that directly modulate ion channels, putrescine exerted its e

121 fic modification to a glycan's structure can directly modulate its biological function.

122 lon and sterols, suggesting that sterols may directly modulate its function by hampering binding of a

123 nstream genes, NeuroD1 and NeuroD4, and also directly modulates its own expression.

124 factor eIF5 is an important partner of eIF2, directly modulating its function in several critical ste

125 We conclude that alterations in skin pH directly modulate kallikrein 5 activity leading to skin

126 d to testable hypotheses that ubiquitination directly modulates kinase activity, and that ubiquitinat

127 We conclude that alterations in skin pH directly modulate KLK5 activity leading to skin barrier

128 me the key speed limitations of conventional directly modulated lasers and offer a prospect for the n

129 hat several inhibitors of the Wnt/Wg pathway directly modulate LEF-1-beta-cat activity on chromatin.

130 studies show advantages for the use of many directly modulated light sources positioned at the trans

131 entral melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) system directly modulates locomotion through motor circuits is

132 development and that platelet CLEC-2 and Syk directly modulate lymphatic endothelial cell behavior in

133 ults indicate that cyclic nucleotides do not directly modulate mEAG1 and hERG1 channels.

134 so exhibit a channel mode of conduction that directly modulates membrane potential and neuronal funct

135 ons suggest that merlin S518 phosphorylation directly modulates merlin intramolecular and intermolecu

136 as members of the FOXO family and PGC-1alpha directly modulate metabolic responses.

137 It has not yet been possible to directly modulate mitochondrial fusion, in part because

138 IL-4Ralpha signaling directly modulates MMC9 function and exacerbation of exp

139 sRNAs can directly modulate mRNA degradation in Proteobacteria wit

140 gnaling activates the mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway to directly modulate mRNA translation.

141 Thus, 3SL directly modulates mucosal immunity, which increases sus

142 et mechanisms whereby intracellular Ca2+ may directly modulate Na channel function have yet to be ide

143 We now demonstrate that Nck directly modulates nephrin phosphorylation through forma

144 Within the CNS of vertebrates, estrogens can directly modulate neural circuits that govern a wide ran

145 NAc-DBS directly modulated neural activity within prefrontal cor

146 e feeding of KYNA and 3-HK to HD model flies directly modulates neurodegeneration, underscoring the c

147 NLP-12 directly modulates neuromuscular junction activity throu

148 hese results indicate that PLP gene products directly modulate neuron viability.

149 Thus CaMKII can directly modulate neuronal excitability by increasing ce

150 expression response, a long-term effect, and directly modulate neuronal ion channels including sodium

151 we show that the long non-coding RNA, NEAT1, directly modulates neuronal excitability and is associat

152 ch matched the current direction seen in the directly modulated neurons.

153 EC evades the host innate immune response by directly modulating NF-kappaB signaling.

154 ns from ischemia/reperfusion-affected muscle directly modulated nociceptive-like behaviors and increa

155 fects seen with ketamine at least in part by directly modulating NR2B-containing NMDARs in the MPFC.

156 functional kappa B sites and NF-kappa B can directly modulate ntl expression.

157 phosphorylation of the substrate is used to directly modulate nuclear import and export, thereby reg

158 lational modifications have the potential to directly modulate nucleosome structure and consequently

159 n bond network of surface hydration water is directly modulated on hydrophilic surfaces.

160 saccadic choices perceptual information may directly modulate ongoing saccadic plans, and this proce

161 B. anthracis, a pXO1 plasmid-encoded protein directly modulates or indirectly regulates the transcrip

162 summary, these results suggest that miR-298 directly modulates P-gp expression and is associated wit

163 To determine whether steroid hormones directly modulate p53 activity, whole organ cultures of

164 of DEC1 is p53 dependent, but DEC1 does not directly modulate p53 expression.

165 a previously unappreciated role for Socs1 in directly modulating p53 activity and the DNA damage resp

166 These data indicate that, rather than directly modulating p53 activity, Oct-4 provides a cellu

167 2-AG directly modulates pathogen function by inhibiting virul

168 omplement cascade, but they are also able to directly modulate phagocyte activation.

169 The second messenger then directly modulates phosphodiesterases (PDEs), ion-gated

170 Here we demonstrate a directly modulated photonic crystal nanocavity light-emi

171 tatus as inert, many approved excipients may directly modulate physiologically relevant targets.

172 ons as an instructive retrograde signal that directly modulates presynaptic transmitter release.

173 ositive contact and individuating experience directly modulate processing of out-group faces in the v

174 in the neck-linker length has been shown to directly modulate processivity in different kinesin fami

175 lations were dependent on CD25 itself, which directly modulated proliferation and cytokine responses.

176 Mutations of this motif directly modulate proof-reading by eliminating or enhanc

177 modifications regulate physiology either by directly modulating protein function or by impacting imm

178 depletion of BCL6 in germinal center B cells directly modulated PTPROt expression.

179 demonstration of HPSDS in the mid-IR using a directly modulated quantum cascade laser for the measure

180 Proinflammatory cytokines directly modulate RANKL/OPG expression and consequently

181 substances within the intestinal mucosa that directly modulate renal phosphate reabsorption.

182 ownstream effector of that activation, cGMP, directly modulates responses and sensitization of mechan

183 To determine whether Rac1 directly modulates RhoA-associated myofibroblast differe

184 that pulvinar does not play as big a role in directly modulating rodent V1 activity as previously tho

185 Directly modulated semiconductor lasers are widely used,

186 Here we use optical injection locking of directly modulated semiconductor lasers to generate comp

187 demonstrating that mitochondrial metabolism directly modulates sensitivity of tumour cells to apopto

188 that internal physiology can selectively and directly modulate sensory input to produce state-specifi

189 by changes in gene expression, steroids can directly modulate several transmitter-gated and voltage-

190 rring lipids, we show that lipid conjugation directly modulates siRNA hydrophobicity.

191 late, and (2) "effector" proteins, which may directly modulate specific cellular functions.

192 ling complex core with VHA-B1 and RPT5B that directly modulates specific target gene transcription in

193 sterically masking polypeptide epitopes and directly modulating Spike-ACE2 interactions.

194 ns in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) directly modulates spinal nociceptive transmission by pr

195 ndings indicate that, although primary cilia directly modulate STAT3 activation in vitro, the bulk of

196 red on STIM1, ORAI1, and a few proteins that directly modulate STIM-ORAI function.

197 ble gene in cardiac muscle cells and that it directly modulates stress-induced gp130 cytokine recepto

198 HHcy directly modulates substrate use by the heart independen

199 Lifestyle and nutrition can directly modulate susceptibility to AD.

200 ganglionic neurones (SPNs) and therefore may directly modulate sympathetic output.

201 lication of a chemical intervention strategy directly modulates T6P levels in planta.

202 dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans directly modulates target mRNA (gbpC) stability through

203 Here, key pathways and directly modulated targets of OsMADS1 were deduced from

204 These same pathways also may directly modulate TGF-beta1 signaling.

205 kidney tubulogenesis, whether PCP effectors directly modulate the actin cytoskeleton in tubulogenesi

206 PCP component required for ciliogenesis can directly modulate the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cel

207 intracellular pathogens have the capacity to directly modulate the activation state of a specific mem

208 ,4,5)P(3)), are signaling molecules that can directly modulate the activity of ion channels, includin

209 Synthetic drug-like molecules that directly modulate the activity of key clock proteins off

210 ar-1, which intrinsically localize, can thus directly modulate the actomyosin dynamics required for b

211 to substantially overlap with those known to directly modulate the ageing process.

212 wards clinical application of therapies that directly modulate the apoptosis pathways.

213 aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation can directly modulate the binding and functional properties

214 by cadmium ions indicated that GrIP does not directly modulate the callose levels induced by the trea

215 Inotropes directly modulate the cardiac nerve plexus to enhance ve

216 Ni(2+), and trigonal bipyramidal for Cu(2+)) directly modulate the catalytic efficacy.

217 P-agarose pull-down assay, EGCG was found to directly modulate the conformation of hsp90 and bind at

218 of key clock proteins offer the potential to directly modulate the endogenous circadian rhythm and tr

219 lular activation by Advector infection could directly modulate the endothelial cell (EC) adhesion mol

220 provide the first demonstration that WT1 can directly modulate the expression of a gene involved in c

221 ontractions, as a component of exercise, can directly modulate the expression of muscle clock compone

222 ts demonstrate that ILC excitatory afferents directly modulate the extracellular concentration of dop

223 demonstrated that pyrazinoic acid failed to directly modulate the fatty acid synthase activity catal

224 sma cell (PC) survival, suggesting that they directly modulate the function of B cells.

225 Aspergillus species, but whether neutrophils directly modulate the function of dendritic cells in thi

226 hormone estradiol has been recently shown to directly modulate the gain of central auditory neurons,

227 Insulin signals directly modulate the GSC cell cycle at the G2 phase, bu

228 y thoracic pressure reduction is expected to directly modulate the hydrostatic pressure conditions fo

229 Conversely, stem cells are also able to directly modulate the immune response through the produc

230 However, bacterial molecules that directly modulate the inflammasome have yet to be identi

231 L10, or CXCL10 alone, or CCL5 alone does not directly modulate the inflammatory response within the h

232 o postsynaptic, N-terminal isoforms of SAP97 directly modulate the levels, dynamics, and function of

233 peutic interventions may become available to directly modulate the metabolic response to illness, thu

234 le is known about the neural mechanisms that directly modulate the motivational component of aggressi

235 factors that are downstream of cAMP and that directly modulate the motors responsible for melanosome

236 s not known whether antidepressant drugs can directly modulate the neural processing of affective inf

237 Although evidence exists that T. gondii can directly modulate the NF-kappaB pathway, the parasite-de

238 nt a strain-controlled power device that can directly modulate the output power responses to external

239 Conversely, salt can directly modulate the phenotypes of myeloid and T cells,

240 d mutagenesis, we identify key residues that directly modulate the photochemical properties of RpBphP

241 hanges in the sample potassium concentration directly modulate the potential at the working electrode

242 Escherichia coli did not directly modulate the rate of neutrophil apoptosis.

243 hocytic choriomeningitis virus infection can directly modulate the ratio of virus-specific effectors

244 w pathway by which complement activation may directly modulate the renal response to immunologic inju

245 However, whether pathogen-derived antigens directly modulate the responses of tissue-resident ILCs

246 Thus, PSMs from S. aureus directly modulate the signaling pathway p38-CREB in DCs,

247 motions of the inner TM2 helical bundle that directly modulate the size of the central channel pore.

248 ng levels of gonadal steroids during puberty directly modulate the somatotropic axis.

249 e answered, the finding that Hofmeister ions directly modulate the surface water diffusivity implies

250 being freed from the constraint of having to directly modulate the target upon binding-may enable acc

251 The level of ING2 expression directly modulated the onset of replicative senescence.

252 erythrocytes with exposed phosphatidylserine directly modulated the phenotype of both murine and huma

253 c loss or pharmacologic inhibition of Mst1/2 directly modulates the abundance of PKM2.

254 c localization of TPX2 on mitotic structures directly modulates the activity of Aurora A for spindle

255 s indicate that cyclic nucleotide signalling directly modulates the activity of L-type Ca2+ channels

256 However, evidence that Rad53 directly modulates the activity of replication forks has

257 essed whether the catecholamine noradrenalin directly modulates the activity of these neurons in mice

258 Here we show that PKCvarepsilon directly modulates the Aurora B-dependent abscission che

259 Alcohol directly modulates the BK potassium channel to alter beh

260 ack uses a novel, non-GABAergic pathway that directly modulates the calcium current in cones.

261 histones, indicating that the H2A N-terminus directly modulates the chromatin fiber likely through in

262 However, whether it directly modulates the development of tau neuropathology

263 rst indication that Lis1 or any other factor directly modulates the enzymatic activity of cytoplasmic

264 lational modification of a single amino acid directly modulates the function of dystrophin.

265 ork reveals a novel mechanism by which Homer directly modulates the function of its target protein Ry

266 egulation whereby a non-DNA binding cofactor directly modulates the occupancy of a transcription fact

267 Thus, CcpA directly modulates the pathogenic potential of S. mutans

268 Mih1 directly modulates the phosphorylation state of the Vps2

269 Thus, genetic variability in CTGF expression directly modulates the severity of diabetic nephropathy.

270 These data show that LAG-3 directly modulates the size of the T cell response and s

271 Our postulate is that NANOGP8 directly modulates the stemness of individual human colo

272 lar swimming velocity and that this behavior directly modulates the transient nature of clumping.

273 regulation of reversible phosphorylation in directly modulating the activities of circadian transcri

274 tion of specific transcription factors or by directly modulating the activities of mitochondrial pro-

275 By directly modulating the activity of reticulospinal neuro

276 ever, the potential role of alpha-catenin in directly modulating the adhesive function of individual

277 oorly understood functions in the cytoplasm, directly modulating the apoptotic response at the mitoch

278 etabolites control host immune responses, by directly modulating the balance of T(H)17 and T(reg) cel

279 ls themselves initiate these interactions by directly modulating the behavior of resting ECs through

280 at HOXA9 restricted breast tumor behavior by directly modulating the expression of BRCA1.

281 cate that serotonin stimulates egg laying by directly modulating the functional state of the vulval m

282 s and disuse-induced bone loss treatments by directly modulating the mechanosensing cells in bone.

283 elatively slow phototransduction process and directly modulating the rod voltage or current allowed u

284 y to the site of autoimmunity (as opposed to directly modulating their function per se), and thus pre

285 that the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which directly modulates these areas, is part of this circuitr

286 ed PMN and macrophages confirmed that IL-17A directly modulates these cells and significantly enhance

287 results suggest that covalent linkers could directly modulate TM protein function and should be cons

288 Here, we tested the hypothesis that CD40 directly modulates traits of the metabolic syndrome in d

289 associated with transcriptional elongation, directly modulates translation through coopting componen

290 pamine release, but whether GABA-A receptors directly modulate transmission or act indirectly through

291 axonal vesicles and whether this composition directly modulates transport activity are unknown.

292 , among divalent metal ions, only Mg(2+) can directly modulate TRPM7/ChaK1 kinase activity in vivo.

293 Renal Klotho controls mineral metabolism by directly modulating tubular reabsorption of phosphate an

294 Thus MPO can directly modulate vascular inflammatory responses by reg

295 To determine whether CRP directly modulates vascular cell function in vivo, we su

296 a mechanism by which binding of HDACs to E7 directly modulates viral replication and identifies E2F2

297 our findings indicate that urothelium itself directly modulates voiding.

298 e observations indicate that adiponectin can directly modulate VTA dopamine neuron activity and anxie

299 Here we show that telomerase directly modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling by servin

300 ta suggest a novel mechanism by which miR-24 directly modulates XIAP expression level and consequentl