ライフサイエンスコーパス: disequilibrium

1 otype diversity leading to increased linkage disequilibrium.

2 5062 in the UGT2B7 gene were in high linkage disequilibrium.

3 ate, with alleles maintained in high linkage disequilibrium.

4 quantitative trait loci of HTRA1 in linkage disequilibrium.

5 common variants and in resolution by linkage disequilibrium.

6 ere predicted in the regions of high linkage disequilibrium.

7 heir effect sizes in the presence of linkage disequilibrium.

8 c loci do not systematically exploit linkage disequilibrium.

9 allele combinations co-occur in high linkage disequilibrium.

10 type values across samples, known as linkage disequilibrium.

11 tromeric KIR region and are in tight linkage disequilibrium.

12 and were independent with respect to linkage disequilibrium.

13 t from the exome and regions of high linkage disequilibrium.

14 n well-established genetic models of linkage disequilibrium.

15 are also associated with persistent linkage disequilibrium.

16 phisms (SNPs) are not obvious due to linkage disequilibrium.

17 ted statistical power and effects of linkage disequilibrium.

18 association analysis to account for linkage disequilibrium.

19 terns of genetic differentiation and linkage disequilibrium.

20 also displays consistent patterns of linkage disequilibrium across African populations and has signal

21 ion is often prevented by the strong linkage disequilibrium across the entire MHC complex.

22 nto distinct strains and substantial linkage disequilibrium across the genome(1,2).

23 degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower clas

24 it leads to strong correlations and linkage disequilibrium across very distant sites in the genome.

25 with methods based on the admixture linkage disequilibrium (ALD) is to remove the effect of source L

26 is dependent on many factors (e.g., linkage disequilibrium, allele frequencies, genetic architecture

27 pe I error rate and accounts for the linkage disequilibrium among genetic variants.

28 t of high polymorphisms and extended linkage disequilibrium among the DR loci, we applied a novel rec

29 ic, nonparametric, joint linkage and linkage disequilibrium analyses using a microsatellite marker pa

30 Local linkage disequilibrium analysis and allele mining identified pos

31 Linkage disequilibrium analysis identified the presence of 17 SN

32 rchical platform for a joint linkage-linkage disequilibrium analysis of population structure.

33 We use linkage disequilibrium and a high-order Markov chain-based algor

34 In particular, the differences in linkage disequilibrium and allele frequency patterns across ethn

35 ss summary statistics arising due to linkage disequilibrium and apply a piecewise linear interpolatio

36 enetic estimates of Ne computed from linkage disequilibrium and approximate Bayesian computation were

37 six novel SNPs in PRPF6 were in high linkage disequilibrium and associated with PRPF6 mRNA expression

38 Linkage disequilibrium and conditional analyses indicate that si

39 ) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium and enriched genomic features to determin

40 on, Manhattan plot visualization for linkage disequilibrium and eQTL data, and an ontology search for

41 lizing external information, such as linkage disequilibrium and functional annotations.

42 Additionally, linkage disequilibrium and haplotype block conformation were est

43 Widespread linkage disequilibrium and incomplete annotation of cell-to-cell

44 Due to tight linkage disequilibrium and low recombination rates, the number o

45 n general, customization considering linkage disequilibrium and minor allele frequency had the highes

46 or inflation in this case-only test: linkage disequilibrium and population stratification.

47 ased on flux assessments from (238)U:(234)Th disequilibrium and sediment traps, we found 2 to 3 times

48 t the need for improved treatment of linkage disequilibrium and variant frequencies when applying pol

49 nd Asn492Ile, which were in complete linkage disequilibrium, and are located in the PRLR intracellula

50 ects, single variants tagged through linkage disequilibrium, and population stratification.

51 s that affect complex traits, due to linkage disequilibrium, and to maximize power while limiting spu

52 mating type; IA(s) values show high linkage disequilibrium as is expected in clonal reproduction.

53 -Gly85-Pro86-Met87) in near-complete linkage disequilibrium at the edge of the peptide-binding groove

54 We introduce a linkage disequilibrium-based algorithm discerning eight independ

55 Using a linkage disequilibrium-based analysis, individual sampling (i.e.

56 siderable reduction in power for all linkage disequilibrium-based statistics.

57 dysbiosis, we observed the most significant disequilibrium between acid and alkali metabolism in suc

58 to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate c

59 rg expectations within loci, lack of linkage disequilibrium between distant loci, incongruent haploty

60 ifferences in allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium between Egyptians and Europeans may compr

61 ts and variation in the structure of linkage disequilibrium between ethnicities.

62 It also preserves linkage disequilibrium between genetic variants and associations

63 tiple data sets there is significant linkage disequilibrium between individual mutations, especially

64 that have no shared markers based on linkage disequilibrium between loci appearing in different datas

65 We found no significant linkage disequilibrium between MHC-DRB and MHC-DOB, suggesting t

66 etween 3,000 and 4,000 cal year bp induced a disequilibrium between montane rainforests and climate t

67 f vent ecosystems by exploiting the chemical disequilibrium between reducing hydrothermal fluids and

68 Restricted recombination may promote linkage disequilibrium between the colour locus and incompatibil

69 Whole genome sequencing revealed linkage disequilibrium between the common rHS-linked alpha-spect

70 We identified disequilibrium between the globin chain and the heme syn

71 rong enough to establish significant linkage disequilibrium between the mitochondrial and nuclear gen

72 ial/ethnic groups creates long-range linkage disequilibrium between variants with different allelic f

73 all six environments and tagged to a linkage disequilibrium block comprising two promising candidate

74 A linkage disequilibrium block of polymorphisms located in the HLA

75 uency > 5% and identified one single linkage disequilibrium block, located in the intron of the BCL2

76 ity) a priori candidate genes within linkage disequilibrium blocks for these loci.

77 ts for the surrounding signal due to linkage disequilibrium, by accumulating association signals from

78 se comb layers from Northern California have disequilibrium Ca isotopic compositions that suggest rap

79 r cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and disequilibrium (CAMRQ) syndrome, strongly interfered wit

80 r cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and disequilibrium (CAMRQ) syndrome.

81 from 3 breeds to compare the SNP and linkage disequilibrium characteristics together with the power a

82 these findings indicate the predominance of disequilibrium clumped isotope behaviour in modern cold

83 l predictions and evidence that the isotopic disequilibrium commonly observed in speleothems and scle

84 trate the longevity of legacy scales and how disequilibrium compounds persist long after treatment ch

85 Since SNPs are in incomplete linkage disequilibrium, considering combinations of these SNPs m

86 eck times indicate stronger residual linkage disequilibrium, consistent with increased selection.

87 VDR SNPs (rs7968585 and rs731236) in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.98; r2 = 0.6).

88 and phenotype (dbGaP), which are in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1) with Exo5 L151P found in PCa fam

89 We estimate, using linkage-disequilibrium decay patterns, that admixture occurred 6

90 We found that linkage-disequilibrium decays at 100 Kb in this collection and t

91 s to map the surface distribution of methane disequilibrium (DeltaCH(4)).

92 mple lag hypotheses have become prominent in disequilibrium ecology, proposing that communities track

93 functional annotations and allow for linkage disequilibrium estimated from reference genotype data.

94 global array of ocean-atmosphere radiocarbon disequilibrium estimates to demonstrate a approximately

95 CPRA categories, with deviations in linkage disequilibrium for Caucasians and the smaller size of th

96 e IllumHD panel had higher values of linkage disequilibrium for short distances between SNPs than Aff

97 studies have shown unusually strong linkage disequilibrium for the sex chromosomes variation within

98 We used two methods (patterns of linkage disequilibrium from whole-genome SNPs and MSMC estimates

99 because it prevents the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium generated by migration; the selective adv

100 and colouration, such as fine-scale linkage disequilibrium, genomic rearrangements and pleiotropy, t

101 nation by measuring the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium in a sequenced individual due to the intr

102 re, we took advantage of the reduced linkage disequilibrium in African populations to infer genetic c

103 The combination of weak linkage disequilibrium in Africans and functional annotation led

104 r prevalence of KIR2DL3, which was linked to disequilibrium in centromeric A/B and B/B genotypes, com

105 Given the small blocks of linkage disequilibrium in Drosophila, we obtain near base-pair r

106 on on the surface of RBCs and higher linkage disequilibrium in human populations exposed to P. vivax

107 isms of selection that maintain high linkage disequilibrium in MHC haplotype blocks.

108 (NPS) method can reliably allow for linkage disequilibrium in summary statistics of 5 million dense

109 Genetic heterogeneity and linkage disequilibrium in the highly polymorphic HLA region conf

110 its contribution to creating host-bacterial disequilibrium in the subgingival crevice is poorly unde

111 echanisms regulating cellular physiology and disequilibrium in transcriptomes resulting in pathologic

112 1980s, through the hypothesized creation of disequilibrium in water-sediment balance following decou

113 We identified 58 linkage disequilibrium-independent ADHD-associated loci (conditi

114 In this work, we show that linkage disequilibrium induces significant gene-trait associatio

115 d genetic maps that capture detailed linkage disequilibrium information in European and African Ameri

116 select important SNPs by taking the linkage disequilibrium into account.

117 Linkage disequilibrium is positive (Dij'>0) among frequent haplo

118 We show that air-sea CO(2) disequilibrium is the dominant mode of spatial variabili

119 ting that genetic confounding due to linkage disequilibrium is widespread in naive phenome-wide assoc

120 riments confirm theoretical predictions that disequilibrium isotope effects depend mainly on the rate

121 he true biological representation of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among multiple loci.

122 We performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis and bioinformatic predictio

123 Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated strong LD among S

124 s with minor allele frequency (MAF), linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genotype certainty.

125 nt effect sizes while accounting for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and overlapping GWAS samples.

126 in the corresponding tissue, due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the correlation of gene expressi

127 Chromatin interactions and linkage disequilibrium (LD) are both pairwise measurements betwe

128 -in conjunction with the output from linkage disequilibrium (LD) based imputation methods to compute

129 The linkage disequilibrium (LD) based quantitative trait loci (QTL)

130 We demonstrate that heterogeneity in linkage disequilibrium (LD) between causal variants and SNPs bia

131 analysis may increase the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between haplotypes and causal varian

132 Bonferroni correction, ignorance of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between neighboring markers, and pow

133 oaches require information about the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between variants, there has not been

134 with 62 common variants in a single linkage disequilibrium (LD) block in a 350 kb interval harboring

135 entified within a conserved 40.09 Mb linkage-disequilibrium (LD) block on the X chromosome.

136 nriched in approximately independent linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks (e.g. MHC).

137 The presence of conserved linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks and haplotypes between G. hir

138 across multiple individuals based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) can facilitate the analysis of low t

139 CRC loci; (2) SNP selection based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) clumping followed by machine-learnin

140 ing minor allele frequency (MAF) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with the action of negati

141 While linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay (r(2) = 0.2) was lowest in the

142 e for selection was found as greater linkage disequilibrium (LD) for observed versus simulated genoty

143 ociated with human disease risk, but linkage disequilibrium (LD) hinders fine-mapping the causal vari

144 In summary, linkage disequilibrium (LD) information from large available gen

145 Estimating linkage disequilibrium (LD) is essential for a wide range of sum

146 We consider here the use of linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps of sequenced contigs and the ut

147 Linkage disequilibrium (LD) measures the correlation between gen

148 ublicly available GWAS associations, linkage disequilibrium (LD) measures, functional genomic and var

149 3, alpha184, beta57) due to complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) of alpha44 with eight such residues.

150 of exome array variants to regional linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and prior genome-wide assoc

151 or quick geographic visualization of linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between two user-specified

152 Measures of linkage disequilibrium (LD) play a key role in a wide range of a

153 n summary statistics and an external linkage disequilibrium (LD) reference panel.

154 Linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression analysis of the GWA

155 We first apply stratified linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression to evaluate publish

156 and complex traits using stratified linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression with the baseline-L

157 out cross-validation with stratified linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression.

158 s for each of 53 tissues followed by linkage disequilibrium (LD) score-based enrichment testing for e

159 tations (e.g., exon or 5'UTR), total linkage disequilibrium (LD) scores and heterozygosity to constru

160 With differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure and allele frequencies bet

161 varying strength of interaction and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure.

162 atasets, either exploiting different linkage disequilibrium (LD) structures across ancestries or borr

163 g to identify susceptibility loci in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a user-provided list of query v

164 rs9831894 is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with additional variants that are pa

165 hropoietin (EPO) genetic variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other (rs1617640-T/G, rs50

166 association studies, are usually in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other within a small genom

167 A total of 2255 variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with GWAS identified SU/gout associa

168 This variant is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with other 5' risk variants across t

169 rs10772120, rs3176792, rs883868) in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with T1D-associated GWAS lead SNPs t

170 P < 3.9x10(-5)) was observed, not in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the previously reported ED SNP.

171 e effects of high levels of pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD), SNPs were also preselected with an

172 genome-wide variants to account for linkage disequilibrium (LD), thus prioritizing associations base

173 recomb obtains similar accuracy to a linkage-disequilibrium (LD)-based method applied to 96 individua

174 Recent work has hinted at the linkage disequilibrium (LD)-dependent architecture of human comp

175 oposed to account for frequency- and linkage disequilibrium (LD)-dependent genetic architectures, it

176 Linkage disequilibrium (LD)-the non-random association of allele

177 d on SNP prior information including linkage disequilibrium (LD)-weighted genic annotation scores, to

178 d to the true causal variant through linkage disequilibrium (LD).

179 can be further reduced based on the linkage disequilibrium (LD).

180 SNP) from disease-associated SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD).

181 1982 measures of between-population linkage disequilibrium (LD).

182 asQTL signals due to complexities in linkage disequilibrium (LD).

183 These two SNPs displayed strong linkage disequilibrium (LD).

184 fully utilize the information [e.g. linkage disequilibrium (LD)] contained in population genetic dat

185 ed on hierarchical representation of linkage disequilibrium (LinDen).

186 ve bottleneck time (the ratio of the linkage disequilibrium map to the genetic map in Morgans) contro

187 We empirically evaluate a linkage disequilibrium map-based method using single nucleotide

188 s method is referred as multi-marker linkage disequilibrium mapping (mmLD).

189 Vegetation-climate disequilibrium may persist for several millennia, relate

190 ference in adMixed Populations using Linkage Disequilibrium method (LAMP-LD) and evaluated the associ

191 structed and combined with locus ordering by disequilibrium methodology to generate an integrated gen

192 other signal including three SNPs in linkage disequilibrium might be unreported susceptibility loci l

193 L1; the latter is a region with high linkage disequilibrium) nearest to these SNPs has previously bee

194 1 traits could be linked through the linkage disequilibrium of 115 associated loci and these links re

195 Because of the strong linkage disequilibrium of A*01 and B*08 alleles with the DR3-DQ2

196 -specific mechanisms of dynamic pathological disequilibrium of cellular and circuit activity in AD an

197 cant genetic structure with an extraordinary disequilibrium of genetic diversity among regions, and s

198 nt to this approach is the introduction of a disequilibrium of magnons with the phonon bath.

199 ed to rising global temperatures, leading to disequilibrium of species diversity with contemporary cl

200 Three SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 13 near relaxin family pept

201 Finally, we show the great impact of linkage disequilibrium on the performance of all these tests.

202 ss and test the impact of vegetation-climate disequilibrium on the resilience of an endangered fire-s

203 of which 1838 contain SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium or coinciding with GWAS peaks.

204 there are negligible differences in linkage disequilibrium or in causal alleles frequencies), the pr

205 Comparison of linkage disequilibrium patterns between the 13 lead SNPs and six

206 a and provides accurate estimates of linkage disequilibrium patterns compared with approaches based o

207 iversity, haplotype distribution and linkage disequilibrium patterns in the G. hirsutum and G. barbad

208 RSs using various approaches such as linkage disequilibrium pruning/p value thresholding (fixed or da

209 enty-eight missense variants were in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) > 0.6) with the lead variants.

210 entified 44 of these Alu elements in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) > 0.7) with the trait-associated SN

211 ngle-nucleotide polymorphism in high linkage disequilibrium (r(2)=0.7) with rs10995, which both could

212 ulation support the view that accounting for disequilibrium range dynamics will be essential for real

213 Linkage disequilibrium rapidly decayed around LanFTc1, suggestin

214 t to KANSL1, but within a large high linkage disequilibrium region that also includes CRHR1; and TCF4

215 32 sQTLs overlapping with known GWAS linkage disequilibrium regions.

216 hromosome 13, overlap two MS SNPs in linkage disequilibrium-rs17594362 and rs12429256.

217 ome-wide association studies (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was developed for

218 Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSR) analyses identifi

219 Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis and trait-relev

220 We applied stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression and evaluated heritabili

221 Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomizat

222 Linkage disequilibrium score regression and polygenic profile sc

223 We used linkage disequilibrium score regression and polygenic risk score

224 eritability to be 30%, and using the linkage disequilibrium score regression method, we found support

225 Linkage disequilibrium score regression of 220 cell types implic

226 Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to calculate ge

227 Stratified linkage-disequilibrium score regression was used to test whether

228 The cross-sex linkage disequilibrium score regression(2,3) analysis also indic

229 hiatric disorders were calculated by linkage disequilibrium score regression, exploiting summary stat

230 Linkage disequilibrium score regression, polygenic risk scoring,

231 We have shown, by linkage disequilibrium score regression, that ALS shares polygen

232 Using linkage disequilibrium score regression, we estimate the genetic

233 TWAS was estimated using stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression.

234 relation (r(g)) between traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression.

235 c correlations were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression.

236 genetic correlation estimation using linkage disequilibrium score regression.

237 tability, as estimated by stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression.

238 different continents identified high linkage disequilibrium, significant structural variation, but on

239 oral data, we suggest estimating MTTs at the disequilibrium state via long-term data assimilation, th

240 ecreasing over time as niches are filled, or disequilibrium states and progression rules, where richn

241 Linkage disequilibrium statistics from the 1000 Genomes project

242 y affected by selection, calculating linkage disequilibrium statistics, performing haplotype reconstr

243 tes of nucleotide diversity metrics, linkage disequilibrium statistics, recombination rates, a batter

244 a high-resolution allele catalog and linkage-disequilibrium structure of both classical and nonclassi

245 llele frequency, effect size and the linkage disequilibrium structure of credible set variants with t

246 nts, which was observed to depend on linkage disequilibrium structure.

247 otide polymorphisms having realistic linkage disequilibrium structures demonstrate the advantages of

248 o cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and disequilibrium syndrome 2, cause severe congenital hydro

249 developed a RV extension of the generalized disequilibrium test (GDT) to analyze sequence data obtai

250 The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) is a powerful family-based ass

251 l approach called the polygenic transmission disequilibrium test and data from 6,454 families with a

252 e our method to the widely used transmission disequilibrium test and demonstrate enhanced power and l

253 statistical significance in the transmission-disequilibrium test in the full cohort (rs112439957: P =

254 d associated with TS based on a transmission disequilibrium test.

255 statistical analyses including transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) were performed in a multi-eth

256 shing genetic variance hidden in the linkage disequilibrium that accumulates through selection combin

257 abundance in the plume signals thermodynamic disequilibrium that favors the formation of methane from

258 5 loci in osteoarthritis but, due to linkage disequilibrium, the specific variants underlying these a

259 selection, haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium to estimate the effects of both selection

260 The rate of decay in linkage disequilibrium was fast, and no significant evidence of

261 opulation differences in patterns of linkage disequilibrium, we achieve improved fine-mapping resolut

262 the influence of extensive regional linkage disequilibrium, we used the ridge regression.

263 Haplotypic patterns of long-range linkage disequilibrium were observed for rare genetic variants a

264 s, such assays are not confounded by linkage disequilibrium when loci are independently assayed.

265 revealed independent GWAS signals in linkage disequilibrium with 2 missense ZIP12 polymorphisms, rs10

266 usly screen 2,756 variants in strong linkage disequilibrium with 75 sentinel variants associated with

267 This was found to be in linkage disequilibrium with a small 6p25.3 tandem duplication af

268 e trait locus of complex trait is in linkage disequilibrium with at least one marker.

269 didate genes; four SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium with candidate genes within 366 kb.

270 causal and those that are merely in linkage-disequilibrium with causal mutations.

271 e-nucleotide polymorphisms in strong linkage disequilibrium with causative polymorphisms that can be

272 usal variant(s) among those in tight linkage disequilibrium with each associated variant remains a ma

273 analyses identified multiple SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with each other that were significantly a

274 For positioning two contigs in linkage disequilibrium with each other the inter-contig distance

275 polymorphism rs1295686 (in complete linkage disequilibrium with functional variant rs20541) is assoc

276 equence a small number of regions in linkage disequilibrium with heading date QTL in thousands of sam

277 p hit (P = 2 x 10(-14)); this was in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRB1*10:01 (odds ratio, 2.93; P

278 relevant candidate loci that are in linkage disequilibrium with MICA*008 i.e. HLA-B*08:01, rs3131619

279 IL23R, PTGER4, and SNX20 (in strong linkage disequilibrium with NOD2) for CD; and KCNQ2 (near TNFRSF

280 Because this SNP is in linkage disequilibrium with other SNPs associated with several i

281 HI, but only rs12243326 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs12255372 in our Hispanic populatio

282 77 and other functional SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with rs16947 (r(2) = 0.9539), histone ace

283 tter residual cognition is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs1990622A (r2 = 0.66), a previously

284 SNP rs2227473, in linkage disequilibrium with rs2227476, was also associated with

285 9860 polymorphism, which was in high linkage disequilibrium with rs368234815 (R(2) = 0.87).

286 ion cohorts, multiple SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs56151658 were associated with seve

287 iratory illnesses, owing to the high linkage disequilibrium with rs601338 (R2 = 0.92).

288 f single-nucleotide polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium with rs61183828 was located close to two

289 t that rs17134155, a variant in high linkage disequilibrium with rs73227498, is located in an enhance

290 iants revealed that only variants in linkage disequilibrium with rs9315202 showed similarly high leve

291 ism is observed in high species-wide linkage disequilibrium with sex.

292 rait-associated SNPs to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with SVs and demonstrate that our panel f

293 lutionary constraint), effect sizes, linkage disequilibrium with tagging single nucleotide variants u

294 fect of a nearby SNP that has strong linkage disequilibrium with the CpG-SNP.

295 ciated variants are functional or in linkage disequilibrium with the functional variants.

296 t RNA splicing, but it was in strong linkage disequilibrium with the G allele of the promoter polymor

297 e trait locus (cis-eQTL) variants in linkage disequilibrium with the index variant in 29 of the 41 PD

298 sion, which is not completely due to linkage disequilibrium with the nearby common variants.

299 lusions display a high degree of geochemical disequilibrium with their carrier melts at Kilauea Volca

300 e genes were identified based on the linkage disequilibrium with these loci, including GRMZM2G381691