ライフサイエンスコーパス: disproportionation

1 n peroxide, but the latter rapidly undergoes disproportionation.

2 mines decompose by N-O homolysis followed by disproportionation.

3 ibutes to the stabilization of Cu(I) against disproportionation.

4 o the lack of the protons needed for radical disproportionation.

5 ne reductase activity and in ETF semiquinone disproportionation.

6 may arise from their ability to promote H2O2 disproportionation.

7 ormation can also proceed by triplex-triplex disproportionation.

8 ngly stable phases of the 2D perovskite, via disproportionation.

9 o understand the molecular mechanism of salt disproportionation.

10 (I) + NO(g), leading to Cu(I)-mediated NO(g)-disproportionation.

11 metal-insulator transition in terms of bond disproportionation.

12 > HSNO + HNO2, where N2O3 is a product of NO disproportionation.

13 ineer peroxidases with a higher rate of H2O2 disproportionation.

14 Yet, given the stability of SiO2, the disproportionation 2SiO(s) --> Si(s)+SiO2(s) is exotherm

15 se lie near this linear curve fit with redox disproportionation accounting for 84% and 96% (and ATP o

16 although dissimilatory sulfur reduction and disproportionation (Acidianus, Stygiolobus and Sulfurisp

17 stent with an EC mechanism of supramolecular disproportionation after reduction: [2]PR(0) + [2]PR(+)

18 om methane-oxidizing archaea to bacteria for disproportionation and (3) direct interspecies electron

19 ) and Sr(6)Co(5)O(15), as well as the charge disproportionation and associated phase transition of Sr

20 Disproportionation and comproportionation reactions enab

21 Disproportionation and comproportionation reactions have

22 pW(CO)(2)(IMes)(*) is stable with respect to disproportionation and dimerization.

23 at the reaction proceeds through polyanionic disproportionation and formation of a low-density alkali

24 ectively, the manganese(III) azide undergoes disproportionation and forms mixtures of [PPh4]2[Mn(N3)4

25 illuminate a water mediated pathway of drug disproportionation and highlight the importance of nonin

26 e phase transitions driven by manganese(III) disproportionation and Jahn-Teller distortion, which in

27 etic and crystallographic ground state, bond disproportionation and ligand hole effects, Mott vs. cha

28 to lead to differential reactivity, with NO disproportionation and N2O formation performed by the mo

29 tial ingredients, namely checkerboard charge disproportionation and nano phase separation.

30 Charge disproportionation and spin-density-wave fluctuations ob

31 ) intermediates are unstable with respect to disproportionation and yield initial reactants, k = 3.3

32 tide biosynthesis involves very little redox disproportionation, and consequently depends almost enti

33 concentration-dependent comproportionation, disproportionation, and hydrolysis reactions that contro

34 1 proceeds through a dispersion force-driven disproportionation, and is the reaction product of a Cu(

35 ion of xanthine oxidoreductase, nonenzymatic disproportionation, and reduction by deoxyhemoglobin, my

36 ide by xanthine oxidoreductase, nonenzymatic disproportionation, and reduction by deoxyhemoglobin.

37 secondary structures that result from duplex disproportionation are stabilized by coralyne intercalat

38 In addition, charge disproportionation arising from the substitution of Sb(3

39 The function of sugar redox disproportionation as the major source of free energy fo

40 ssociated with two different types of charge disproportionation at Cl-terminated surface.

41 rin 4 (NP4) is capable of catalyzing nitrite disproportionation at neutral pH, producing NO.

42 te and Mn carbonate, can catalyze superoxide disproportionation at physiologically relevant concentra

43 micro-oxo bridge is proposed to initiate the disproportionation, based on analogy with the [Mn(III/)(

44 al and computational analysis supports redox disproportionation between [Cu(II)]-C6F5 and {[Cu(II)](C

45 and CN- titration studies suggest that O2*- disproportionation by [Ni(SODM2H(1)X)] proceeds via an o

46 We propose that duplex disproportionation by coralyne is promoted by both the t

47 lt to its original form of free acid or base-disproportionation-can have a drastic effect on the solu

48 released fitting with copper(I) ion promoted disproportionation chemistry, 3*NO + ligand-Cu(I) --> N(

49 Monothioarsenate disproportionation could be widespread in nature beyond

50 ns allow us to delineate the complete AtDPE1 disproportionation cycle in structural terms.

51 lly accelerate and improve the nanocatalytic disproportionation degree of H(2) O(2) for enhancing the

52 The rate and extent of ultrafast disproportionation depends on both the identity and conc

53 reaction with (13)CO(2) revealed that CO(2) disproportionation did not occur at -1.5 V.

54 n of o-semiquinones outcompeting the classic disproportionation-driven catechol-quinone coupling and

55 However, salt disproportionation during processing or storage is a com

56 The effect of the structural change on the disproportionation energy for COT is counteracted by the

57 is of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the disproportionation equilibrium and free radical coupling

58 A dynamic disproportionation equilibrium between In(I), In metal,

59 ene by the two oxo derivatives, and apparent disproportionation equilibrium constants for the three s

60 lectron and proton transfer by including the disproportionation equilibrium, 2cis-[Ru(III)(bpy)2(py)(

61 ism that could be a synchronized, dynamical, disproportionation excitation, possibly via the solid st

62 This disproportionation facilitates an ultrafast LRP in which

63 and ranging from a highly negative DeltaH of disproportionation for CO to highly positive for PbO.

64 functional theory (DFT) calculations, redox disproportionation forms [Cu(III)](C=CAr)(R) species tha

65 s thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation, giving Li2O2.

66 environmental expression of sulfur compound disproportionation has been placed between 640 and 1050

67 Disproportionation in both red beds and lacustrine black

68 formation of chlorite and decreased the ClO2 disproportionation in the CuO-ClO2 system, probably beca

69 in Cu(3)HITP(2) is unstable with respect to disproportionation in the molecular model.

70 This level of fractionation implies disproportionation in the sulphur cycle, probably involv

71 bon dioxide, readily undergo decarboxylative disproportionation in THF solution unless in the presenc

72 re we demonstrate a voltage-triggered charge disproportionation in thin molecular films of a metal-or

73 ing the ability of Mn to catalyze superoxide disproportionation in vitro.

74 t conditions will indeed catalyze superoxide disproportionation in vitro.

75 Triplet ET quenching shows charge disproportionation increases the binding constant by no

76 hesis of 2 is accomplished by preventing the disproportionation into 1 by using the complexing agent

77 It is based on the reversible H(2)O(2) disproportionation into O(2) and H(2)O.

78 P(2)]Pt(Ph)(THF) (16) results primarily in a disproportionation into the complex molecular salt [[Ph(

79 ue to the cost of propagation of the lattice disproportionation into the confining material.

80 n the presence of silyl triflates, reductive disproportionation is arrested by silylative esterificat

81 nce of CuO indicates that CuO-catalyzed HOBr disproportionation is completely inhibited by fast react

82 concept of application of solely thiosulfate disproportionation is discussed.

83 poly(dT)*poly(dA) with coralyne reveals that disproportionation is favored by as little as one molar

84 The results thus suggest that charge disproportionation is preferred instead of a Jahn-Teller

85 um heavily favors 17e radicals (e.g., PPh3), disproportionation is rate-limited by breakdown of the s

86 xhibited by this plot demonstrate that redox disproportionation is the principal energy source of the

87 Yet, charge disproportionation lacks technological relevance because

88 As a rule, o-semiquinones decay through disproportionation leading to equimolar amounts of catec

89 are wide variations in the degree of charge disproportionation, length scale, and orientation in the

90 A disproportionation mechanism based on the diffusion of l

91 nd catalytically from aqueous solution via a disproportionation mechanism that is entirely different

92 metric ligands, demonstrating an alternative disproportionation mechanism.

93 Here we attempt to resolve its disproportionation mechanism.

94 alytic species does not proceed via a direct disproportionation mechanism; a reductive pathway is the

95 w that these results support the bond length disproportionation model of the MIT in the rare-earth ni

96 Instead, the products of disproportionation, namely, 3 and U(VI)O(2)((Ar)acnac)(2

97 ested that multiple catalytic paths for H2O2 disproportionation occur, which involve formation and co

98 Disproportionation occurs in less than 200 picoseconds b

99 y oxidant, and the equilibrium constants for disproportionation of (porphyrin)Mn(IV)(O) are in the or

100 Catalytic disproportionation of 1,2-diarylhydrazines promoted by (

101 The purified enzyme catalyzes both the disproportionation of 1-O-acyl-beta-Glcs to generate 1,2

102 aliphatic and cyclohexadienyl radicals; (3) disproportionation of 10 peroxyl radicals, and (4) unimo

103 -electron intermediates in the photochemical disproportionation of [CpW(CO)3]2 (Cp = C5H5) with Lewis

104 These reactions include the disproportionation of [HCo(dppe)(2)](+) to form [Co(dppe

105 Low pH was found to promote the disproportionation of [Mn(III/IV)(2)O(2)(terpy)(2)(OH(2)

106 peroxide was obtained through base-catalyzed disproportionation of a hydroperoxy endoperoxide availab

107 e of a borane catalyst, minimize deleterious disproportionation of a hydroxylamine nitrogen source, a

108 erated, photocatalytic complexes produced by disproportionation of a protonated-photoreduced dimer of

109 der reducing conditions is best explained by disproportionation of a transient organoiron intermediat

110 the Ti(II) species to a Ti(IV) imido via the disproportionation of an eta(2)-diazene-Ti(II) complex.

111 However, in the disproportionation of C-1 compounds, such as methanol, t

112 plotted as a function of the degree of redox disproportionation of carbon (disproportionative electro

113 These observations establish that redox disproportionation of carbon, and not ATP, is the primar

114 pramolecular complex catalyzes the reductive disproportionation of CO2 to CO and CO3(2-) at a lower o

115 is observed experimentally for the reductive disproportionation of CO2 to CO and CO3(2-) by a tyrosin

116 Bu)3)4], 1, promotes the selective reductive disproportionation of CO2 to yield CO and the mononuclea

117 he key step in this process is to allow full disproportionation of CuBr/Me6TREN (TREN = tris(dimethyl

118 Coordination-geometry driven disproportionation of d(7) transition-metal cations (e.g

119 s work for the competing transalkylation and disproportionation of diethylbenzene catalyzed by acid z

120 is irreversible and appears to occur through disproportionation of diol monoester.

121 For example, disproportionation of duplex (dA)16*(dT)16 by coralyne r

122 ule, can cause the complete and irreversible disproportionation of duplex poly(dA)*poly(dT) into trip

123 lyne can cause the complete and irreversible disproportionation of duplex poly(dT)*poly(dA).

124 high energy 2e(-)/3H(+)-intermediate through disproportionation of earlier 2e(-)/2H(+)-bearing interm

125 Positive Delta(33)S anomalies suggest that disproportionation of elemental sulfur would have been a

126 which do not show detectable levels of self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) during chromatog

127 This tutorial review describes the self-disproportionation of enantiomers (SDE) of chiral, non-r

128 omenon: the diarylated products undergo self-disproportionation of enantiomers, with the major enanti

129 reductase activity and negligible impact on disproportionation of ETF 1e (-) catalyzed by ETF-QO.

130 a natural example of the recently discovered disproportionation of Fe(2+) at very high pressure and c

131 ing these reactions, graphite forms from the disproportionation of Fe(II)-bearing carbonates at high

132 es the spontaneous and simultaneous chemical disproportionation of H(2) (H oxidation state 0) into H(

133 ct reduction of H2O2, due to a fast chemical disproportionation of H2O2 at the N-CNT surface.

134 ies reveal that molecular sieves inhibit the disproportionation of H2O2, an observation that contradi

135 It has been shown previously that the disproportionation of halogen-containing oxidants (e.g.,

136 rSOF catalyzes the partial disproportionation of HDL into a cholesteryl ester-rich

137 the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory show that disproportionation of HMgBr to MgH(2) and MgBr(2) is via

138 ive reactivity studies for the catalase-like disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide and the epoxidat

139 nisms for the reduction of oxygen and/or the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide during oxidation

140 ed by their ability to promote the catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and wa

141 by their proclivity to promote the catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and wa

142 trated by their reactivity for the catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and wa

143 e active site of Mn catalase catalyzes redox disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide, forming dioxyge

144 epoxidation reaction relative to a competing disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide.

145 ure superconductivity is the pressure-driven disproportionation of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) to H(3)S,

146 BrO3(-)) can be formed via the CuO-catalyzed disproportionation of hypobromous acid (HOBr) pathway.

147 There is no significant enhancement of the disproportionation of hypoiodous acid (HOI) in the prese

148 rrespective of the stoichiometry, indicating disproportionation of indium halide byproduct formed dur

149 per thousand) often serve as a proxy for the disproportionation of intermediate sulfur species in add

150 edox reaction that leads to a proton-induced disproportionation of Jahn-Teller-active transition-meta

151 d by formation of LBH2C6F5 complexes through disproportionation of L2B2H5(+) HB(C6F5)3(-) .

152 Here, we report the evidences of the disproportionation of LiH above 130 GPa to form lithium

153 The roles of lithium salts in preventing the disproportionation of lithium beta-ketocarboxylates 1(CO

154 ver the duration of our experiments and that disproportionation of Mn(3+) occurs at a very slow rate.

155 Disproportionation of Mn(III)-PP occurred at pH 9.0, and

156 This is due to the complete disproportionation of Mo(4+), a phenomenon which has not

157 50% yield) and can efficiently catalyze the disproportionation of N2H4 to NH3 and N2.

158 tion, CaBH[Formula: see text] - produced via disproportionation of neutral complexes.

159 Finally, HAO was found not to catalyze the disproportionation of NH(2)OH, despite the thermodynamic

160 e that the surface nitrate forms through the disproportionation of NO(2) on Ti sites (2NO(2,ads) -->

161 jing can be explained by enhanced hydrolytic disproportionation of NO2 on aqueous aerosol surfaces du

162 (II) and Mn(III) states during the catalyzed disproportionation of O(2)(*-), a catalysis that is limi

163 es a mononuclear Ni-center and catalyzes the disproportionation of O2*- by cycling between NiII and N

164 of the fundamental processes involved in the disproportionation of organometallic complexes and have

165 Additional H2S was provided by microbial disproportionation of sulfur, also explaining the increa

166 robiological processes of nitrate reduction, disproportionation of sulfur, and metallic electron grow

167 ortant antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide anion to oxygen and hyd

168 Catalysis of the disproportionation of superoxide by human manganese supe

169 ated nickel metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide into dioxygen and hydro

170 is essential to its ability to catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide into dioxygen and hydro

171 SOD family is responsible for catalyzing the disproportionation of superoxide radical to oxygen and h

172 Each has catalytic activity in the disproportionation of superoxide that is typically 5-25%

173 y damaging oxygen radicals by catalyzing the disproportionation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen

174 inhibited, zero-order phase of the catalyzed disproportionation of superoxide.

175 dation and reduction cycles in the catalytic disproportionation of superoxide.

176 ally to occur through carboxylic acid-driven disproportionation of TEMPO.

177 m concentration of the 2-e reduced form from disproportionation of the 1-e reduced form.

178 ohexadiene intermediates can be accessed via disproportionation of the 1-electron-oxidized species, w

179 rprisingly reveal that O2 formation requires disproportionation of the [Co(IV)Co(III)3] state to gene

180 in largest part to a decrease in the rate of disproportionation of the alphaT266M ETF semiquinone cat

181 which is produced from the large equilibrium disproportionation of the anion radical.

182 of the oxide and can be related to a valence disproportionation of the cobalt ions and a concomitant

183 e product mixtures formed by combination and disproportionation of the corresponding free radical int

184 tter alkenes, a competing reaction involving disproportionation of the ditolylphosphine oxide into di

185 Examination of the extent to which disproportionation of the MADH and AADH semiquinones occ

186 Disproportionation of the photogenerated Ni(I) intermedi

187 1+/0 and 0/1- couples, there is substantial disproportionation of the redox sites at room temperatur

188 educed Sn(III)Br6(3-) to Sn(III)Br5(2-); (3) disproportionation of the reduced 2Sn(III)Br5(2-) to Sn(

189 iquid verapamil free base were observed upon disproportionation of the respective salts.

190 superoxide, but this reaction competes with disproportionation of the semiquinone.

191 by urea-PAGE, this activity is observed as a disproportionation of the starting oligonucleotide into

192 lculated the free energy change due to redox disproportionation of the substrate carbon of (1) 26-car

193 sonitrile, a result of halogen migration and disproportionation of the valence symmetric core of 5, w

194 ct (mostly methylformate, generated from the disproportionation of two formaldehyde molecules).

195 Here, we report a conceptually opposite disproportionation of uranium(IV)-imido complexes to ura

196 (i) self-/autocatalysis and (ii) sequential disproportionations of boronic acid to borinic acid and

197 The transition is described as a disproportionation or charge ordering of [Nb2](7+) dimer

198 ces, they are usually formed in solution via disproportionation or partial dissociation of the dianio

199 oupling partner, the reaction follows either disproportionation or radical pathways to complete the c

200 acid is crucial in determining the onset of disproportionation, or otherwise.

201 se action of deoxygenated hemoglobin, acidic disproportionation, or xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR).

202 would increase the selectivity for peroxide disproportionation over off-pathway one-electron chemist

203 xyamines that decompose by the N-O homolysis/disproportionation pathway are much less effective.

204 hat support the energetic feasibility of the disproportionation pathway are presented.

205 A previously undisclosed disproportionation pathway, catalyzed by the tert-butoxy

206 is used, H(2)O(2) is instead produced via a disproportionation pathway, which does not show a strong

207 were formed from a CuO-catalyzed hypohalite disproportionation pathway.

208 goethite (alpha-FeOOH) to catalyze the ClO2 disproportionation (pathway 1), which predominated at hi

209 e chemical driving force for the spontaneous disproportionation, phase transformation, and metal-ion

210 f amino acids and lipids suggests that sugar disproportionation played a central role in the origin o

211 )OH oxidation by Fe(3+), and finally NH(2)OH disproportionation plus oxidation by O(2).

212 -phonon coupling and bismuth valence or bond disproportionation possibly playing a role.

213 egy significantly lowers the electrochemical disproportionation potentials (DeltaE), in comparison wi

214 scale resolution, in situ observation of the disproportionation process and its immediate effect on t

215 inant under alkaline conditions and a Mn(3+) disproportionation process, which predominates under aci

216 -OMe)(4)] (5) is obtained as the result of a disproportionation process.

217 iation of the second H2O molecule in the 2:1 disproportionation process.

218 Only by air oxidation of the Cu(I) disproportionation product, [(bpy)Cu(CF3)] in equilibriu

219 rities, thus inhibiting the formation of the disproportionation products and increasing the FEM of pe

220 rogen evolution reaction, initiates aldehyde disproportionation promoted by hydroxide ions, which lea

221 For the disproportionation rate constant of [Fe2(bdt)(CO)6](-),

222 Using disproportionation rates of electrochemically generated

223 he tautomer forming step), a radical-radical disproportionation (RD), is an activated process.

224 nt may proceed by means of a reverse radical disproportionation reaction (RRD) as the rate-determinin

225 w (mu = 0.017 h(-1)) on this substrate via a disproportionation reaction by oxidizing the thio-group-

226 the protein is used as the substrate in the disproportionation reaction catalyzed by P. denitrifican

227 ics study reveals evidence for a first-order disproportionation reaction during discharge from an oxy

228 uggest that axial ligation enhances the O2*- disproportionation reaction in [Ni(SODM2)] (and NiSOD by

229 The disproportionation reaction is regiospecific, catalyzing

230 es with this 4 P(+III) --> P(-III) + 3 P(+V) disproportionation reaction occurring, since full conver

231 PP)Mn(IV)(O) (k = 5 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) and disproportionation reaction of (TPP)Mn(IV)(O) to give (T

232 h Mg(2+), catalysis proceeds via a reductive disproportionation reaction of 2CO2 + 2e(-) --> CO and C

233 behavior of the binary mixtures supports the disproportionation reaction of catecholamines, which has

234 d high theoretical capacity, the spontaneous disproportionation reaction of free Mn(3+) along with th

235 ity could be attributed in part to a thermal disproportionation reaction of H(2)O(2) to O(2) and H(2)

236 rom cathode/electrolyte interface due to the disproportionation reaction of Mn(III), and the subseque

237 nd quantitative chemical imaging of the salt disproportionation reaction of pioglitazone hydrochlorid

238 in gram quantities from the cryptand-driven disproportionation reaction of potassium superoxide (KO(

239 thermodynamic equilibrium established by the disproportionation reaction of reduced P species.

240 An interesting disproportionation reaction of the dearomatized, alkyl-s

241 o the three-electron-reduced state in a slow disproportionation reaction that consumes NADH: The [2Fe

242 lignment to track a photoinduced bimolecular disproportionation reaction that transforms two pairs of

243 atures in flowing gas, pentacene undergoes a disproportionation reaction to produce 6,13-dihydropenta

244 cule of vinyl arene, resulting in an overall disproportionation reaction with 1 equiv of ethyl arene

245 EBP1 also catalyzes a disproportionation reaction with certain compounds, in w

246 The alkoxide ligands render the disproportionation reaction, leading the formation of [M

247 l can also be found in solution because of a disproportionation reaction.

248 The photocatalyst is regenerated via a disproportionation reaction.

249 ermined from the equilibrium constant of the disproportionation reaction.

250 s in hs-{FeNO}(8) complexes that precede the disproportionation reaction.

251 e to good yields, up to ca. 90% based on the disproportionation reaction.

252 oduct of hydrogen peroxide activation during disproportionation reactions catalyzed by [LPd(OAc)]2(OT

253 It catalyzes transglycosylation/disproportionation reactions in which glycosyl or dextri

254 Disproportionation reactions involving phenyllithium lea

255 rate constant values for some hydrolysis and disproportionation reactions of dichloramine, monobromam

256 ation mass spectrometry of hydrogen peroxide disproportionation reactions suggested the presence of o

257 ctive Co(I) oxidation state from deleterious disproportionation reactions to enable the desired react

258 ccurs through consecutive comproportionation-disproportionation reactions where interfacial electron

259 Disproportionation reactions with 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiome

260 from coupled interfacial comproportionation-disproportionation reactions, where electron transfer fr

261 lucosyl residue from alpha(1-->4)-glucans in disproportionation reactions.

262 the result of base-catalyzed Cannizzaro-type disproportionation reactions.

263 facile one-electron oxidation, reduction, or disproportionation reactions.

264 However, disproportionation readily occurs upon heating above 35

265 We use a chemical reaction, such as a disproportionation redox reaction, to generate dilute ze

266 ruption to the host lattice using a solution disproportionation redox reaction.

267 chemically through a stepwise combination of disproportionation redox reactions, hydrazine reduction,

268 c C-C bond fragmentation followed by radical disproportionation, regenerating the carbonyl moiety and

269 nsfer multiplet calculations consistent with disproportionation reproduce all experimental features.

270 , we demonstrate how the formation of charge disproportionation results in an insulating ground state

271 Electronic symmetry breaking by charge disproportionation results in multifaceted changes in th

272 bulk phase simultaneously provide sufficient disproportionation sites for the diffused Mn(3+) to guid

273 esults indicated rapid initial rates of H2O2 disproportionation slowing concomitantly with the accumu

274 Because disproportionation slows as pH increases, both superoxid

275 and thermodynamics of coralyne-driven duplex disproportionation strongly depend on oligonucleotide le

276 der tensile strain, for X = Pd and Pt a site disproportionation takes place when increasing the later

277 )(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)](2+) to Ru(III) followed by disproportionation to [Ru(IV)(tpy)(bpz)(O)](2+) and [Ru(

278 Subsequent disproportionation to an Fe horizontal lineO species is

279 ith two molecules of CO2 to effect reductive disproportionation to CO and carbonate ([CO3 ](2-) ).

280 vity with 1,2-diphenylhydrazine resulting in disproportionation to form aniline and azobenzene via a

281 roseconds in alcohol solvents, and decays by disproportionation to form TPZ and a reduced heterocycle

282 Tren(TIPS))(NH)] (4) resulted in spontaneous disproportionation to give 1 and the uranium-nitride com

283 ting that previous claims that 1 promotes NO disproportionation to give 3 may have been compromised b

284 )O(2) to two equivalents of water (H(2)O) or disproportionation to O(2) and H(2)O can be competing re

285 e dimers are activated for catalysis through disproportionation to Pd(IPr)(eta(3)-allyl)Cl and monoli

286 CO(2) undergoes disproportionation to produce a carbonate-bridged Ar'Sn(

287 s peroxide, RS(O)SR (R = p-tolyl), underwent disproportionation to RS(O)(2)SR and RSSR.

288 converted by reduction to sulfide as well as disproportionation to sulfide and sulfate.

289 reduction and that deprotonation results in disproportionation to the parent thiol and S(0), thus pr

290 ), but without evidence of the strong charge disproportionation typically associated with other nicke

291 The energy and disproportionation values of E. coli amino acid and lipi

292 hese measurements imply that sulfur compound disproportionation was an active part of the sulfur cycl

293 -ketoesters, new mild conditions for the Nef disproportionation were identified.

294 Disproportionation, where a chemical element converts it

295 ermodynamically and kinetically favored over disproportionation with a 1:1 stoichiometry.

296 Disproportionation with a 2:1 stoichiometry is thermodyn

297 er process via three pathways: (1) catalytic disproportionation with equimolar formation of chlorite

298 imple metathetic ligand exchange but entails disproportionation with formation of the well-known dinu

299 There is no major change in the heat of disproportionation with pressure, i.e., no range of stab

300 thiosulfate to sulfide and (ii) thiosulfate disproportionation without the need for an electron dono