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1 n 2,700 kelvin are referred to as 'ultracool dwarfs'.
2 ccretion rate that we observe onto the white dwarf.
3 hite dwarf merging with a less-massive white dwarf.
4 aints that suggest that the donor is a brown dwarf.
5 onuclear runaway on the surface of the white dwarf.
6 led onto a highly magnetized (B>10 MG) white dwarf.
7 anion star or by a merger with another white dwarf.
8 million, which is unusually quiet for a red dwarf.
9 o planet has so far been detected at a white dwarf.
10 y evolve into red giants and then into white dwarfs.
11 e giant planets in close orbits around white dwarfs.
12 isk instabilities drop matter onto the white dwarfs.
13 n evolved stars, in dust clouds and on brown dwarfs.
14 t high rates of mass transfer to their white dwarfs.
15 nse plasma related to the viscosity of brown dwarfs.
16 estructive explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs.
17 objects such as brown-dwarf cores and white dwarfs.
18 for smaller transiting planets around white dwarfs.
19 e been detected in close orbits around white dwarfs.
20 enriched outer layers, leaving behind white dwarfs.
21 al peaks of rotavirus and all-cause AGE were dwarfed.
22 ID1c silencing corresponded to the degree of dwarfing.
23 Conversely, LOH2 overexpression resulted in dwarfing.
29 Close to the upper mass limit of a white dwarf(3) (1.4 solar masses), rapid accretion of hydrogen
31 hotospheric trace metals found in many white dwarfs(3) arise from the accretion of tidally disrupted
33 ll other known planetary debris around white dwarfs(7), but resembles predictions for the makeup of d
35 vae are one type of outburst: when the white dwarf accretes enough matter from its companion, the res
37 ion lines of M. truncatula results in severe dwarfing, altered development, reduction in lignin conte
38 d methylation changes are suppressed in Ames dwarf and calorie restricted mice and more selectively a
39 tolerance-conferring transcription factors, DWARF AND DELAYED FLOWERING1 (DDF1) and DDF2, that dupli
41 tify two phyB mutant alleles that revert the dwarf and high salicylic acid phenotypes of the high MEc
42 t influences the lifespan of long-lived Ames dwarf and normal littermate control mice in a genotype a
44 K3 in Arabidopsis thalianaCA-MPK3 plants are dwarfed and display a massive derepression of defense ge
45 true knock-out mutants of MPK1 were severely dwarfed and sterile, and homozygous mpk1 seeds from hete
46 the disease symptoms caused by RGSV, such as dwarfing and excess tillering, in transgenic rice plants
48 lution of magnetic fields in accreting white dwarfs and extends the connections between accretion ont
49 ions that are used in the modelling of white dwarfs and inertial confinement fusion experiments(7,8),
50 The state and evolution of planets, brown dwarfs and neutron star crusts is determined by the prop
51 iple, this technique can be applied to brown dwarfs and/or directly imaged exoplanets if periods can
52 ems in which one star of the pair is a white dwarf, and which often generate bright and energetic ste
53 s are not expected to be launched from white dwarfs, and an origin from a black hole or a neutron sta
54 t, given the small masses of these ultracool dwarfs, and the small sizes of their protoplanetary disk
55 effects, including but not limited to severe dwarfing appearance, chlorosis, nearly complete reductio
58 gh-energy-density states that exist in white dwarfs are extremely difficult to reach and to measure i
64 ch only one(5) is eclipsing-the double-white-dwarf binary SDSS J065133.338+284423.37, which has an or
65 t the discovery of an eclipsing double-white-dwarf binary system, ZTF J153932.16+502738.8, with an or
67 ecord tightly constrains the colonization of dwarf birch (Betula, a thermophilous shrub) to 5.9 +/- 0
68 demonstrated in Triticum aestivum 'Apogee' (dwarf bread wheat) and resulted in an 18% increase in gr
72 red orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest M dwarf, but it probably does not transit and its true mas
73 thermonuclear runaway in carbon/oxygen white dwarfs, but it is uncertain whether the explosion is tri
74 ind their way into tight orbits around white dwarfs, but it is unclear whether these planets can surv
75 zations was a relatively rare form of abuse, dwarfed by abuse by family members and other adults.
77 ombination events in cis, an outcome that is dwarfed by pervasive accompanying undesired editing even
78 though the contamination of 4 mg/kg (Fe) was dwarfed by the intentional content of 5800 mg/kg (Fe as
79 reaks occurred at the same time as, and were dwarfed by, seasonal epidemics of influenza types A and
80 bsequent accretion of planetesimals by white dwarfs can reveal the elemental abundances of rocky bodi
81 in close orbits with less dense stars, white dwarfs can strip material from their companions and the
82 d modelled the periodic dimming of the white dwarf caused by the planet candidate passing in front of
84 oachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe short-limb dwarfing condition, results from mutations that cause mi
87 t-order phase transition occurs during white-dwarf cooling, leading to the crystallization of the non
89 otility and limb bone growth in West African Dwarf crocodiles, producing altered limb proportions whi
91 on in LER for a fast-growing ('K-31'), and a dwarf cultivar ('Bonsai') of tall fescue (Festuca arundi
92 ere distinct from those associated with semi-dwarf cultivars, with higher differential abundance of A
99 ich has a lesion in the BR biosynthetic gene DWARF (DWF), and in the bzr1 mutant, which is deficient
100 low N include CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC DWARF, DWF4, and BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE 2 Phenotypic
102 erize the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) dwarf eceriferum11 (cer11) mutant and we show that it ex
104 lluminate the equation of state of the white dwarf envelope (the region surrounding the stellar core
106 tant had morphological changes that included dwarfing, excessive shoot branching and adventitious roo
108 100-1,000 km above the surface of the white dwarf, far too small to be resolved with current telesco
109 lated, supporting a previous conjecture that dwarf Flying Dragon originated as a mutant of a non-dwar
110 , and calcium in the atmosphere of the white dwarf Gaia DR2 4353607450860305024, which we ascribe to
111 mically simpler, and more ancient ultrafaint dwarf galaxies assembled shortly after the first stars f
112 cent developments-including the discovery of dwarf galaxies associated with the Magellanic group(14-1
115 ly known SLSNe-I that reside in star-forming dwarf galaxies, ASASSN-15lh appears to be hosted by a lu
116 e assumption that no gas accretes into those dwarf galaxies; gas accretion favours continual r-proces
117 ized to the largest star-forming region of a dwarf galaxy at a cosmological redshift of 0.19 (refs.
118 ized to the largest star-forming region of a dwarf galaxy at a cosmological redshift of 0.19 (refs. (
119 ations of stars rich in such elements in the dwarf galaxy Reticulum II(14), as well as the Galactic c
121 as localized to a low-metallicity, irregular dwarf galaxy, and the apparently non-repeating sources w
123 We provide an example using the homeologous dwarfing genes of allohexaploid wheat, Rht-1, and search
124 Since the observation of the first brown dwarf in 1995, numerous studies have led to a better und
125 urface magnetic field strength for the white dwarf in MV Lyrae of between 2 x 10(4) gauss and 1 x 10(
126 ations of the 'non-magnetic' accreting white dwarf in the binary system MV Lyrae, whose light curve d
128 odel may account for the explosions of white dwarfs in a mass range wider than previously supposed.
129 observations of CO clouds in the local group dwarf irregular galaxy Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM), whic
131 se binaries, the magnetic field of the white dwarf is strong enough (at 10(6) gauss or more) to chann
132 es from stranded pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (K. sima) sperm whales were used to characterize t
133 st rapid and well documented cases of island dwarfing known thus far took place over thousands of yea
134 haracterized the gut microbiomes of stranded dwarf (Kogia sima) and pygmy (K. breviceps) sperm whales
135 nerate a reference genome for the fat-tailed dwarf lemur, Cheirogaleus medius, and use this resource
138 ified the causative mutation of the dominant dwarf Ligon lintless Li1 short fiber mutant as a single
139 very of a high proper motion, low-mass white dwarf (LP 40-365) that travels at a velocity greater tha
144 to facilitate a better understanding of the dwarfing mechanism in grasses at physiological and trans
151 nvestigated the influence of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense) on large (>=45.7
152 ese results imply that parasitic plants like dwarf mistletoe can amplify the impact of climatic stres
153 d that warmer and drier conditions amplified dwarf mistletoe effects on T. heterophylla tree growth a
155 ting stars provides stringent tests of white dwarf models and a detailed picture of the outcome of th
156 based experimental trials on habituated wild dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) [4], we combine sound
157 migration in a habituated population of wild dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) [5]; sentinels (raise
161 A transcriptomic comparison between the dwarf mutant and the WT leaves revealed 360 differential
164 we found that the phenotypic changes of the dwarf mutant were associated with the physiological resp
169 e pre-nova at minimum light with no trace of dwarf nova behaviour, implying that the mass-transfer ra
170 rs before the explosion, the system revealed dwarf nova outbursts indicative of a low mass-transfer r
176 discovery of ancient nova shells around the dwarf novae Z Camelopardalis and AT Cancri, but direct e
178 same orbital period of novalike binaries and dwarf novae-which are identical but for their widely var
181 e planetary population surrounding ultracool dwarfs, of which the TRAPPIST-1 planets are the first tr
182 hippopotami, deer, and other species became dwarfed on islands scattered all over the world, from th
183 an transmembrane proteins endoregulin (ELN), dwarf open reading frame (DWORF), myoregulin (MLN), and
185 se must either originate from near the white dwarf or be generated in situ at the M star through dire
186 Other cases of white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions are explained as the consequ
187 red with other white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions) and low mass of the planet
188 vae resulted from the merger of binary white dwarfs or other compact stars such as helium stars.
189 enveloped in a H(2)-He gaseous envelope (gas dwarfs) or contain a significant amount of multicomponen
190 ll either on a near-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf, or on a sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf mergin
193 atprx71-1 mutation partially suppresses the dwarf phenotype of qua2-1, suggesting that AtPRX71 contr
197 e C(3) model system Brachypodium led to mild dwarf phenotypes, increased lignin (~7% to 13%) and S-li
198 tmospheres, where the understanding of white dwarf physics is sensitive to the equation of state and
204 Dawn Framing Camera images, of a landform on dwarf planet Ceres that we argue represents a viscous cr
207 tensor, resulting in a reorientation of the dwarf planet of around 60 degrees with respect to the ro
208 tive surface renewal may also occur on other dwarf planets in the Kuiper belt, which may help to expl
210 results suggest that the development of semi-dwarf plants might have affected the ability of plants t
211 n in Arabidopsis plants resulted in severely dwarfed plants that could be rescued by the exogenous ap
212 e elemental abundances observed in six white dwarfs polluted by the accretion of rocky bodies to dete
213 ion radius) and then accretes onto the white dwarf, producing bursts powered by the release of gravit
214 omoting interventions, specifically the Ames dwarf Prop1 (df/df) mutation, calorie restriction and ra
215 At a distance of 1.295 parsecs, the red dwarf Proxima Centauri (alpha Centauri C, GL 551, HIP 70
218 cattering of planetesimals towards the white dwarf requires the presence of more massive bodies(6), y
219 r spectrum of intermediate-temperature brown dwarfs resembles that of Neptune, indicating the presenc
222 hough the pulsations are driven by the white dwarf's spin, they mainly originate from the cool star.
225 auses of growth variability of the evergreen dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona between 1927 and 2012 in
227 ) ) was carried out in widespread sub-Arctic dwarf shrub heathland, incorporating both mortality and
228 might promote an expansion of this evergreen dwarf shrub, mainly through densification of existing sh
229 ypically greater for exclosures dominated by dwarf shrubs (Calluna vulgaris) than by grasses (Molinia
232 peatland carbon (up to 2100 years old) when dwarf-shrubs or graminoids are present, an effect not ob
233 Channel Island fox (Urocyon littoralis) is a dwarfed species that inhabits six of California's Channe
234 e of a plateau of europium abundance in some dwarf spheroidal galaxies has been suggested as evidence
236 e close binary systems consisting of a white dwarf star (the primary) that is accreting matter from a
237 detection(1) of a dust disk around the white dwarf star G29-38 and transits from debris orbiting the
243 agration of an accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarf star or the explosion of an accreting, hybrid carb
244 much further out in the magnetosphere of the dwarf star that couple energy into the lower atmosphere.
245 stem of seven planets orbiting the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 and find that panspermia is potent
246 transiting the recently discovered ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 are capable of retaining their atm
248 f the trajectory of an exoplanet around an M dwarf star, derived by mapping the spectrum of the stell
252 (SNe), the thermonuclear explosions of white-dwarf stars, vary systematically with their intrinsic co
258 rage stalk diameter and mechanical strength, dwarf stature, senescence at leaf tips, and semisterilit
259 x) mutants, with collapsed xylem vessels and dwarfed stature, highlighted the importance of this cell
261 stars of extremely low mass as well as brown dwarfs (substellar objects not massive enough to sustain
263 action space of the continuous donation game dwarfs that of the classic prisoner's dilemma, players c
264 pacers sequenced from a single sampling site dwarf the diversity of spacers from all available Sulfol
265 iability or other external forcings may have dwarfed the fairly modest ENSO response to precessional
267 operations of America's state park systems, dwarfing the influence of climate change, which is signi
271 sterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean, which dwarfed to about three quarters of its body size in slig
272 escope infrared monitoring campaign of brown dwarfs to constrain cloud cover variations over a total
273 rops, similar to the "green revolution" semi-dwarf trait in cereals, is a key plant architecture trai
279 lobal gene expression of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)-infected rice plants with that of he
281 tions among wheat (cv. Yitpi), Barley yellow dwarf virus and an important pest and virus vector, the
284 re we show that a plant virus, barley yellow dwarf virus, increases the surface temperature of infect
287 ning PSR J1141-6545 includes a massive white dwarf (WD) companion that formed before the gravitationa
288 roscopy of a hot (about 27,750 kelvin) white dwarf, WD J091405.30+191412.25, that is accreting from a
291 They reflect the spin of a magnetic white dwarf, which we find to be slowing down on a 10(7)-year
294 ng orbital period (compared with other white dwarfs with close brown dwarf or stellar companions) and
295 ernovae deriving from the explosion of white dwarfs with mass above the Chandrasekhar limit is in agr
296 up in the cooling sequence of evolving white dwarfs within 100 parsecs of the Sun, determined using p
297 e Carina, the eighth most luminous Milky Way dwarf, would be expected to inhabit a significantly more
298 r confirmed by sequencing the Dw2 alleles in Dwarf Yellow Milo and Double Dwarf Yellow Milo, the prog
299 Dw2 alleles in Dwarf Yellow Milo and Double Dwarf Yellow Milo, the progenitor genotypes where the re
300 the connections between accretion onto white dwarfs, young stellar objects and neutron stars, for whi