ライフサイエンスコーパス: earn

1 in an increase in percent chocolate pellets earned.

2 button pressing and the amount of money they earned.

3 able, and complete than when badges were not earned.

4 rm health consequences of sustained low-wage earning.

5 Those earning 100-250% of federal poverty level (FPL) correctl

6 ients in the financial incentive group could earn $100 by decreasing their HbA(1c) level by 1% and $2

7 Per hour, young men earned 14 percent more than young women (ratio, 1.14; 95

8 doctorate recipients with early disabilities earned $14,360 less (95% CI: -$17,546, -$11,175) than th

9 Children whose families earned 200% or more above the federal poverty level were

10 In households earning 200% to 399% federal poverty level (FPL), underi

11 Persons with AORC ages 18-64 years earned 3,812 dollars less on average than did other pers

12 other rheumatic conditions ages 18-64 years earned $3,613 less than other persons (versus $4,551 in

13 s worked (23.9 compared with 9.2), and wages earned ($3,421 compared with $1,728).

14 In households earning 400% or more above FPL, children's mental or beh

15 In 1990, young male physicians earned 41 percent more per year than young female physic

16 .0 (2.5) years of education, and 183 (41.3%) earned $55 000 to $99 999 annually.

17 The part-time radiologists reported earning 56.3% of the income earned by full-time radiolog

18 pants in the high externalizing-only profile earned $5904 (95% CI, -$7988 to -$3821) less per year an

19 participants in the high internalizing group earned $8473 (95% CI, -$11 228 to -$5717) less per year,

20 19, the median US family with ESI could have earned $8774 (95% CI, $8354-$9195) more in annual wages.

21 non-white workers received lower ratings and earned 91 cents for each US dollar paid to white workers

22 socioeconomic resources were more likely to earn a certificate.

23 the proportion of undergraduate students who earn a degree in the humanities is declining.

24 concern that the length of time it takes to earn a doctorate in this country has increased dramatica

25 e society: Those who cooperate appropriately earn a good standing, so that others are more likely to

26 rs, employed in academic medical centers, or earn a greater proportion of their revenue from Medicaid

27 ensed would greatly improve their ability to earn a living.

28 t has become much more difficult for them to earn a living.

29 I went on to earn a Master's degree from the University of Connecticu

30 is applicable to other metabolites and will earn a place in the toolbox of metabolomic analysis.

31 To manipulate the effort and time needed to earn a reward, we used instrumental tasks in which the r

32 coming reward or performance of an action to earn a reward.

33 avoid risks with losses even when they might earn a substantially larger gain, a behavioral preferenc

34 As with proteomics, mass spectrometry has earned a central analytical role in lipidomics, and this

35 298 HCWs (81%) passed all requirements and earned a certificate.

36 this reasoning with a task in which the rat earned a food reward by pausing in a small, unmarked goa

37 ed valedictorian of my high school class and earned a four-year scholarship to Rutgers University, wh

38 a spouse or other steady sexual partner who earned a high income (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.11-7.29), who

39 surprisingly long periods, and consequently earned a lower rate of food intake than they might have

40 r radionuclide therapy, nuclear medicine has earned a major role in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendoc

41 l electron transferring flavoproteins (ETFs) earned a reputation for containing modified flavin.

42 compared, in 2006, 24.50% of items purchased earned a star rating; this proportion increased to 24.98

43 approximately 24% of all human cancers, have earned a well-deserved reputation as being "undruggable.

44 te pollen receipt can reverse their signals, earning a "second chance" by eliciting attention from ot

45 o 2 years to fit their practice goals, often earning a certificate of added qualification in generali

46 nt is the number of lever presses needed for earning a food reward.

47 Earning a low wage is an increasingly recognized public

48 ntral nucleus of amygdala (CeA), paired with earning a particular sucrose reward in rats, amplified a

49 For foraging animals, the probability of earning a reward in a given patch depends on the degree

50 were first trained to press two levers, each earning a unique food outcome (pellets or sucrose), afte

51 by GPD, the correct glycopeptide composition earns a score that is about 2-fold higher than other inc

52 Brazilian government, could reverse the hard-earned achievements of the SUS and threaten its sustaina

53 in mice reinforces behavioural responding to earn additional optical stimulation of these synaptic in

54 within days when it gets too hot to work and earn an income, thus limiting households' capability to

55 y one-third (33/107 [31%]) of current chairs earned an additional graduate degree, most frequently a

56 This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available

57 that the support of all stakeholders can be earned and retained.

58 ition space would strengthen and help ensure earning and keeping the public's continued trust in nutr

59 ying and addressing barriers to success, and earning and maintaining trust are components that contri

60 l tiredness because it is extreme, often not earned, and unresolving.

61 , 95% CI 1.29-2.86), who faced difficulty in earning (aOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.18-2.67) and receiving rou

62 tive sample), presenting evidence that women earn as much support as men in US general elections incr

63 As adults, persons with PoMS never earned as much as their counterparts without MS, and the

64 ting probability of reward, with the goal of earning as much money as possible.

65 ) and EX4 (P= 0.001); more snack points were earned at EX4 relative to DIET4 (P= 0.001).

66 Compared with those working and earning at least $500 a month, unemployed or underemploy

67 Scientists have earned audiences' respect, but not necessarily their tru

68 serts were more likely to live in households earning below the US federal poverty level, lack health

69 ort is aversive and often avoided, even when earning benefits for oneself.

70 treated more inclusively by their peers and earned better grades.

71 Income levels varied, with 16 (29.6%) earning between $40 000 and $59 999 annually.

72 egistries and technical assistance and could earn bonus payments for achieving patient-centered medic

73 imilar increase in percent chocolate pellets earned but without any decrease in responding.

74 logists reported earning 56.3% of the income earned by full-time radiologists and working 56.9% of th

75 ta that define the RVU production and salary earned by hepatologists.

76 CI, $0.50-$0.61; P < .001) for every dollar earned by men.

77 ictive effects of mental disorders on amount earned by persons with earnings from predictive effects

78 ta on relative value units (RVUs) and salary earned by various medical specialists.

79 But in nature, rewards earned by work are essential to survival (e.g., working

80 scribe a case study of a program designed to earn carbon credits by distributing almost one million d

81 iting mechanisms allow project developers to earn carbon credits through mitigation projects.

82 d hundreds of voluntary projects launched to earn carbon-offset credits.

83 fide neurotransmitter, a finding that would earn Carlsson the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Med

84 he abstinence-based incentive condition also earned chances to win prizes for submitting substance-fr

85 compensate for their own visuo-motor error, earning close to the maximum reward possible.

86 s not seen in a group of rats that had never earned cocaine but had received yoked injections during

87 trained rats that received yoked rather than earned cocaine injections on test day.

88 one particular nose-poke porthole option for earning cocaine infusions (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.).

89 ted by phosphite and phosphine classes, have earned considerable relevance due to their versatility a

90 hort explanation of how to parlay their hard-earned critical-thinking skills from graduate school int

91 ender pay gap begins when women and men with earned degrees enter the workforce.

92 Animals can learn to repeat behaviors to earn desired rewards, a process commonly known as reinfo

93 ited a spirited debate for several years and earned distinction as a citation classic.

94 are expenditures become a larger part of the earned dollar per American especially with the current v

95 kers who specialize in these different areas earn dramatically different wages.

96 ting stimulant- and alcohol-negative samples earned draws for a chance to win prizes; the number of d

97 Although the costs associated with earning drugs are dynamic, no studies to date have exami

98 cted by changes in the costs associated with earning drugs.

99 d the reward value that could potentially be earned during a future memory test.

100 expected rewards but not to expected rewards earned during spatial learning.

101 cted the number of cannabis vapor deliveries earned during the FRE test.

102 pressing on the test day when the reinforcer earned during training was the sated flavor (devalued) c

103 ease depends upon type of reward that can be earned (e.g., food or drug).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The m

104 es of individuals' tendencies to acknowledge earned entitlement and incorporate these experiments in

105 first stage, participants' acknowledgment of earned entitlement was measured by engaging them in the

106 es the extent to which a person acknowledges earned entitlement.

107 becoming unemployed on the acknowledgment of earned entitlement.

108 male physicians with similar characteristics earn equal amounts of money.

109 are identical (e.g., if both report 6, each earns euro6).

110 the fully adjusted analysis, male nurses out-earned female nurses by approximately 9.3%, or 260 Euros

111 escalated, Q175 mice exerted less effort to earn fewer rewards versus wild-type (WT).

112 thout the highest expected reward value) and earned fewer points than controls in all three study day

113 opportunity to give up some or all of their earned financial rewards in order to boost their self-im

114 action leads individuals to forgo or donate earned financial rewards.

115 onkeys responded via a photo-optic switch to earn food pellets.

116 e learned to change their action duration to earn food rewards.

117 in food-deprived rats whether these actions earned food pellets or a maltodextrin solution.

118 ts exchanged some of the money that they had earned for brief views of attractive faces, determined t

119 Similar glutamate release was seen in rats earning, for the first time, unexpected saline rather th

120 d; however, the number of nicotine infusions earned gradually returned to baseline levels, indicating

121 at early stage but rapidly growing and will earn great attention in the near future due to increasin

122 ere more likely to be white, to be older, to earn >$60 000/year, and to have more eye care visits (P

123 gher-income earners (ie, those in households earning >$125 000/y) were significantly more likely than

124 Participants competed to earn hierarchy positions and then could cooperate with a

125 tions provide agents with the opportunity to earn higher benefits than when acting alone and contribu

126 uents of human capital that enable people to earn higher wages and enhance people's capabilities.

127 College graduates earn higher wages than high school graduates by age 30.

128 ar, we show that workers with diverse skills earn higher wages than those with more specialized skill

129 blue collar or business/service occupations, earned higher incomes, and lived in urban areas.

130 Advice givers earned higher report card grades in both math and a self

131 FMS patients also earned higher scores on overall depression and on the co

132 king longer hours, seeing more patients, and earning higher incomes than did nurse practitioners.

133 His research talent at du Pont earned him an appointment as a Research Associate allowi

134 He earned his bachelor's degree in Pharmacy in 2000, his ma

135 rement Study who worked for pay and reported earning hourly wages at 3 or more time points during a 1

136 A second alternative porthole earned identical cocaine but without ChR2 stimulation.

137 de whac-a-mole game) in which money could be earned if players hit brief-appearing visual targets on

138 with the AMPT-induced reduction of monetary earning in HC in contrast to rBN participants.

139 All patients earned incentives in the form of vouchers exchangeable f

140 ow-up, with 32.9% of participants having any earned income and 13.1% ever attaining NSTW.

141 for all subcategories except the refundable earned income tax credit (eg, IRR for medical assistance

142 We examined the associations of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on child development and

143 ehkopf used an in-work tax credit called the Earned Income Tax Credit as an instrument to estimate th

144 policies increasing income, particularly the Earned Income Tax Credit, can meaningfully improve mater

145 e; (3) child care assistance; (4) refundable earned income tax credit; and (5) medical assistance pro

146 In the analytic sample, 50.8% lacked earned income, and 32.6% had Medicare coverage.

147 -75), and average monthly salary among those earning income was 1,191 USD (range = 285-3,560).

148 a chance to win prizes; the number of draws earned increased with continuous abstinence time.

149 Earning increased 8% to 13% when TTR is reduced from 8+

150 weed-derived multimodal acting products have earned increasing attention in the fight against disease

151 parent drug satiety between regularly spaced earned injections.

152 ne self-injections, decreasing the amount of earned intake.

153 optogenetic stimulation with one option for earning intravenous cocaine makes that option almost the

154 of human tissues that contain smooth muscle, earning it the name smooth muscle Leiomodin (SM-Lmod; HG

155 also find no support for the idea that women earn less because they place more importance on workplac

156 States between 2015 and 2017, we find women earn less than men, net of human capital factors like en

157 In Haiti, 74% of people earn less than US$2 per day.

158 of their professional and family lives: They earned less money, less often felt that their career too

159 salary, $266 450; salary ratio, $0.81:$1.00) earned less than men (annual median salary, $330 000).

160 ing lockdown, and the proportion of families earning less than $1.90 per day rose from five (0.2%, 0.

161 aversion to disadvantageous inequity (i.e., earning less than recipients).

162 d the average woman partnering with industry earns less than her male colleagues.

163 In unadjusted analyses, those who had never earned low wages experienced 199 deaths per 10 000 perso

164 respondents who were separated or divorced, earning low incomes, or not working for pay.

165 se-knit, strongly bound elite, and defectors earning low payoffs in a weakly connected periphery.

166 re or Medicaid, had pancreatic head lesions, earned lower annual incomes, or had less education (P <

167 blue collar workers, in service occupations, earning lower incomes, and among the less educated.

168 ower-income earners (ie, those in households earning <$70 000/y) to say they would participate in tri

169 24.9%) and household income (n = 287; 39.1% earning <R1,000 per month), and high prevalence of mater

170 andgrip strength to assess the motivation to earn money (i) for oneself, (ii) for anonymous ingroup f

171 nance imaging while they pressed a button to earn money as the response-reward relationship changed o

172 ts in which they are either asked to work to earn money or to pay money to avoid work.

173 nstatement task for which participants could earn money to delay smoking and subsequently purchase ci

174 first two experiments, participants work to earn money, and we compare two incentivized elicitation

175 America, where participants traded stocks to earn money.

176 an action involving squeezing a handgrip to earn money.

177 prescanning phase in which the participants earned money by working, and a neuronal scanning phase i

178 ced or separated, not in a relationship, not earning money, receipt of government welfare, and experi

179 tant for understanding health; taller people earn more on average, do better on cognitive tests, and

180 culture more, but those who hold such values earn more rather than less.

181 an action) allowed either to save time or to earn more reward.

182 t exerting more force allowed the subject to earn more substantial reward instead of saving time.

183 verage, workers whose skills are synergistic earn more than jacks-of-all-trades.

184 ncome mobility"-the fraction of children who earn more than their parents-by combining data from U.S.

185 areas are individually more productive, and earn more, than rural workers.

186 Across cocaine doses, SHR earned more cocaine infusions and had higher progressive

187 Male physicians have long earned more than female physicians, even after differenc

188 general practice and family practice, women earned more than men, after adjustment for differences i

189 ith 10 or more years of experience, men also earned more than women (ratio, 1.17; 95 percent confiden

190 e subspecialties and emergency medicine, men earned more than women (ratio, 1.26; 95 percent confiden

191 s, worked more weeks, worked more hours, and earned more wages than patients in the program offering

192 ared with 33%), worked more hours and weeks, earned more wages, and had longer job tenures.

193 stablished that motivational factors such as earning more money for performing well improve motor per

194 ts' aversion to advantageous inequity (i.e., earning more than recipients), and recipients' competenc

195 's most biologically rich, African countries earn much less than their peers from selling access to f

196 omic zone of the Republic of Kiribati, which earns much of its GDP by selling tuna fishing licenses t

197 the proverbial "late bloomer." Ultimately, I earned my PhD in biophysical chemistry at Yale, followed

198 memory decline among workers with sustained earning of low midlife wages was significantly faster (b

199 Males earned one standard deviation (or 20%) more reward than

200 self-stimulation: mice will press a lever to earn optogenetic activation of these neurons.

201 to cooperation regardless of whether it was earned or arbitrary.

202 eel entitled to rewards-they think they have earned or deserve them-based on their effort and achieve

203 eir activity according to whether the animal earned or lost a conditioned reinforcer in the current o

204 A further diversity of neurons signaled earned or unexpected reinforcement.

205 m laude from Florida State University and to earn other credentials leading to faculty positions at o

206 s delivering that outcome and toward actions earning other outcomes.

207 uced responding following devaluation of the earned outcome as did those with previous continuous acc

208 = 0.009) and increased the amount of energy earned (P = 0.018) above the level of the control subjec

209 ee, years since the last academic degree was earned, patenting by departmental peers, and NIH funding

210 a game where they tried to press a button to earn points in a challenge with a brain-computer interfa

211 but their estimated impacts on early career earning potential and strategies to mitigate them have n

212 Lifetime earning potential based on subspecialty may contribute t

213 Differences in lifetime earning potential between pediatric subspecialties may c

214 ing starting salaries could increase women's earning potential by a median (IQR) of $250 075 ($161 29

215 stant to associate professor reduced women's earning potential by a median (IQR) of $26 042 ($19 672-

216 l salary growth rates could increase women's earning potential by a median (IQR) of $53 661 ($24 258-

217 Lifetime earning potential by subspecialty.

218 ment, annual salary growth rate, and overall earning potential in the first 10 years of employment we

219 Higher lifetime earning potential was associated with higher mean fellow

220 Higher lifetime earning potential was associated with shorter distance t

221 elated with reduced well-being and decreased earning potential, findings of poor vision could have im

222 to lower educational attainment and reduced earning potential.

223 d address the majority of the differences in earning potential.

224 s (-0.59 miles/$100 000 increase in lifetime earning potential; 95% CI, -1.10 to -0.09), higher perce

225 0 000 children/$100 000 increase in lifetime earning potential; 95% CI, 0.04-0.19).

226 % spots filled/$100 000 increase in lifetime earning potential; 95% CI, 0.15-1.77).

227 ialist (+1.17%/$100 000 increase in lifetime earning potential; 95% CI, 0.34-2.00), and higher ratio

228 Although top contributor status is earned primarily through higher levels of effort, top co

229 ly coherent causal beliefs that lead them to earn punishment they do not like.

230 Health care workers in lower-earning quintiles did not experience any significant cha

231 representative experiments that incorporate "earned" rather than "windfall" wealth also do not provid

232 Zinc has earned recognition recently as a micronutrient of outsta

233 , half of which responded to the omission of earned reinforcement.

234 When badges were earned, reportedly available data were more likely to be

235 irect reciprocity game in which participants earned reputation by cooperating.

236 de seems to promote prestige-a rank based on earned respect-whereas hubristic pride seems to promote

237 or not to engage in a sequence of actions to earn reward is essential for survival.

238 agent learns about actions they can emit to earn reward.

239 d frequency fluctuated with the value of the earned reward and positively predicted lever-pressing ra

240 uted each action sequence and declined after earned reward collection.

241 ne or oral sucrose for 6 hr/d for 10 d; each earned reward was paired with a tone-light cue.

242 change in the value, but not identity of the earned reward.

243 variation in the amount of effort needed to earn rewards across tests.

244 Here we show that when mice can earn rewards in the absence but not presence of an audit

245 to perform a stimulus-motor mapping task to earn rewards or avoid losses.

246 ct with both ingroup and outgroup avatars to earn rewards.

247 lease was not seen in similarly trained rats earning saline instead of cocaine for the 13th time.

248 IM 0.47, p = .64) initial assessment scores (earned score divided by maximum score) and were deemed e

249 of care-management fees, the opportunity to earn shared savings, and the provision of data feedback

250 e satisfaction or positive affect grow up to earn significantly higher levels of income later in life

251 Female ophthalmologists earn significantly less than their male colleagues in th

252 oordinated significantly more frequently and earned significantly higher payoffs when matched with ot

253 orkers with less expertise, users of ChatGPT earned slightly more already before its arrival, even gi

254 by the public, researchers must continue to earn society's trust with responsible and thoughtful pre

255 with no academic affiliation, those in high-earning specialties, and those in general internal medic

256 Furthermore, the lowest-earning subjects express a stronger tendency to buy as a

257 ding juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has earned substantial attention in the last 10 years.

258 self-initiated sequence of lever presses to earn sucrose rewards.

259 All AQC groups met 2009 budget targets and earned surpluses.

260 rked (t(211) = -5.0, P =.00000003) and wages earned (t = -5.5, P =.00000003).

261 f an outcome biases choice away from actions earning that outcome and toward other actions.

262 ticular outcome biases choice toward actions earning that outcome.

263 nkeys could choose either a tap or a hold to earn the corresponding food reward.

264 -naive participant meeting all targets could earn the equivalent to 14 days' wages over 12 months.

265 cup-equivalents/d); juice purchases did not earn the HIP rebate.

266 nies that would submit to this process would earn the trust of consumers and healthcare providers, as

267 rch Institute, Universite libre de Bruxelles earned the 2012 ISSCR-University of Pittsburgh Outstandi

268 e terminal response in the sequence that had earned the devalued outcome relative to the more distal

269 Monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) has earned the nickname "warrior gene" because it has been l

270 the effects of DNA damage, and has therefore earned the title of "guardian of the genome." In this is

271 te many functions in the human body and have earned the title of "most targeted receptors".

272 nd how resistance to it will develop, it has earned the title of "wonder drug".

273 ts, with the median male ophthalmologist out-earning the 75th-percentile female ophthalmologist acros

274 gest and most aggressively successful males, earning the most time copulating with females.

275 n outcome biases choice toward those actions earning the predicted outcome.

276 he reward-predictive stimulus (i.e., actions earning the same specific outcome as predicted by the pr

277 trained to perform two instrumental actions earning the same two rewards.

278 have adequate representation, informing and earning the trust of the public for donation, standardiz

279 academic medicine who are often expected to earn their salaries through clinical practice alone.

280 periment 1, four Fischer and four Lewis rats earned their daily food ration by lever pressing under a

281 (MSCs) have immune modulatory abilities and earned their place in the treatment of GvHD after a pedi

282 re recently, drugs targeting oncogenes, have earned their place only after producing dramatic frequen

283 Earning their stripes: A hierarchical assembly of micell

284 verweight cutoff to those whose BMI narrowly earned them a "healthy" BMI grouping.

285 Their exceptional properties have earned them a place at the forefront of many fields incl

286 cats whose hypertrophied upper canines have earned them the moniker "sabertooths." Many aspects of t

287 's position within a particular environment, earning them the name "place cells." When an animal expl

288 nel are generally called teams, they need to earn true team status by demonstrating teamwork.

289 ssing, teaching, and sharing information can earn trust to show scientists' trustworthy intentions.

290 of the health care algorithm life cycle and earn trustworthiness; (4) explicitly identify health car

291 as a dramatic reduction in cocaine infusions earned under a fixed ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement t

292 Rats were trained to lever-press to earn unsweetened ethanol (EtOH) (10%).

293 at the spillover effects extended to workers earning up to 20% above the minimum wage.

294 ollege that were 10 percentage points lower, earned wages that were 10% lower, and had probabilities

295 ciodemographic variables, sustained low-wage earning was associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR]

296 Relative to CON4, snack points earned were higher at DIET4 (P= 0.03) and EX4 (P= 0.001)

297 Annual adjusted KSA metric points earned were used to determine the number of individual U

298 This linking proposition has earned widespread endorsement.

299 l setting and a closed economy with all food earned within the experimental setting.

300 d drops during a 15-year period of formative earning years were independently associated with a nearl