ライフサイエンスコーパス: earth

1 dense matter with conditions not present on Earth.

2 ng some of the highest biomass ecosystems on Earth.

3 f of the daily CO(2) fixation that occurs on Earth.

4 the extensive diversity of bacterial life on earth.

5 climate and the redox state of (sub)surface Earth.

6 ogeochemical cycles and climate feedbacks on Earth.

7 in some of the most extreme environments on earth.

8 ons, making it essential for most species on Earth.

9 frica, one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth.

10 s and led to the largest animal radiation on Earth.

11 d represents the most abundant biopolymer on Earth.

12 ife under the surface of the driest place on Earth.

13 t to those forming high-altitude snowpack on Earth.

14 l formulations in space compared to those on earth.

15 hanged the distribution of animal species on Earth.

16 (C, N, H(2)O, noble gases, etc.) delivery to Earth.

17 whales, the largest animals to ever inhabit earth.

18 h three-dimensional heterogeneity within the Earth.

19 phere that permeates hydrothermal regions on Earth.

20 impact the environment essential to life on Earth.

21 nsformative events in the history of life on Earth.

22 be mostly left-handed in living organisms on Earth.

23 ovide a record of some of the oldest life on Earth.

24 e for an estimated 20% of carbon fixation on Earth.

25 c biogeochemical cycle on the anoxic Archean Earth.

26 d is one of the most abundant vertebrates on earth.

27 prehensive model of recovery after return to Earth.

28 an reveal distinctive insights into the deep Earth.

29 ding the properties of aqueous fluids in the Earth.

30 of viruses in the early evolution of life on Earth.

31 Owing to their earth abundance, high atom utilization, and excellent ac

32 Although the application of earth-abundant 'early' transition metals in photosensiti

33 Particularly, the merger of Earth-abundant 3d metal catalysis and electrooxidation h

34 cy and limited cycle life due to the lack of earth-abundant cathode catalysts that can drive both oxy

35 how that catalytic amounts of an appropriate earth-abundant iron-based complex, a base and a boryl co

36 Here, we report hematite, an earth-abundant material, to be highly effective and ther

37 cro/nanomachines, where the use of versatile earth-abundant materials is a key prerequisite.

38 k of active and robust electrocatalysts from earth-abundant materials.

39 The use of a catalyst derived from an earth-abundant metal provides a sustainable strategy to

40 , and a hydrosilane, catalyzed by nickel, an earth-abundant metal.

41 Metalloenzymes rely on earth-abundant metals to perform an incredibly wide rang

42 are catalyzed by metalloenzymes that feature Earth-abundant metals.

43 Earth-abundant oxygen evolution catalysts (OECs) with ex

44 Recently, earth-abundant potassium ions have attracted considerabl

45 pated to spur rationally designing efficient earth-abundant transition metal hydroxides-based cocatal

46 interest in developing chromophores based on earth-abundant transition metals that can perform the sa

47 of the oldest supracratonic environments on Earth almost three billion years ago.

48 Here we present a new rare-earth and aluminum-free magnesium-based alloy, with trac

49 ustry, their extensive natural occurrence on Earth and extraterrestrial planets, and their significan

50 s in one of the most species-rich regions on Earth and identify clades with naturally occurring subst

51 t abundant renewable nitrogenous material on earth and is accessible to humans in the form of crustac

52 are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and play key roles in host ecology, evolution, and

53 prise the largest and most diverse phylum on Earth and play vital roles in nearly every ecosystem.

54 energy-lossy buildings into energy plants on Earth and possibly even enable extraterrestrial habitats

55 Compared to rare earth and silver-based NIR-II emitters, RNase-A@AuNCs ha

56 red before the first Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth and therefore cannot be a product of glacial erosi

57 h is to find atmospheres similar to those of Earth and Venus-high-molecular-weight (secondary) atmosp

58 d in naturally occurring hydrates within the Earth, and for developing green technologies.

59 es are the most diverse plant communities on Earth, and quantifying this diversity at large spatial s

60 proxy data for anywhere on the early Eocene Earth, and these data therefore suggest that regionalise

61 Two of the largest protected areas on earth are U.S. National Monuments in the Pacific Ocean.

62 n mechanisms of the magma ocean in the early Earth, as well as for constraining entrainment of melts

63 The near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu is thought to be a primiti

64 Asteroid (3200) Phaethon is an active near-Earth asteroid and the parent body of the Geminid Meteor

65 tra of the Nightingale crater region on near-Earth asteroid Bennu with a distinct infrared absorption

66 Earth-based preclinical studies show space radiation dec

67 from inorganic materials (e.g., oxides, rare-earth-based, and intermetallic compounds) are key compon

68 re considered to be the deadliest animals on Earth because the diseases they transmit claim at least

69 The bulk silicate Earth (BSE), and all its sampleable reservoirs, have a s

70 large swaths of subtropical oceans and cool Earth by reflecting incident sunlight, their loss would

71 systems are the most dangerous volcanoes on Earth, capable of large and catastrophic eruptions, yet

72 Orthorhombic RMnO(3) (R = rare-earth cation) compounds are type-II multiferroics induce

73 he identity and amount of alkali or alkaline-earth cations present during crystallization.

74 termining the state of future climate as the Earth continues to warm.

75 of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as the Earth continues to warm.

76 ructures, these oxides if present within the Earth could also provide insight into diamond-forming pr

77 roid (101955) Bennu is a dark asteroid on an Earth-crossing orbit that is thought to have assembled f

78 pril 22, 2020, marks the 50th anniversary of Earth Day and the birth of the modern environmental move

79 sample return missions or inclusions in deep Earth diamonds, a nondestructive method is preferred.

80 ondestructive analysis of inclusions in deep Earth diamonds, yielding in situ quantitative informatio

81 ponent suggests that these remnants of early Earth differentiation are located in large seismically a

82 ntum dots, perovskite nanocrystals, and rare earth doped phosphors), it is surprising that the develo

83 Rare-earth-doped mode-locked fibre lasers that produce high p

84 om the outer Solar System being delivered to Earth during late accretion.

85 On present-day Earth, dust emissions are restricted only to a few deser

86 The rare earth element (REE) composition of a fossil bone reflect

87 Detection of rare earth elements (REE) is commonly performed with destruct

88 ction (MSX) process for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from scrap permanent magnets was d

89 hotochemically induced precipitation of rare-earth elements (REEs) in water from a tributary to Plesn

90 The trace and rare earth elements content of 93 honeys of different botanic

91 plexes of expensive precious metals and rare-earth elements.

92 Using Google Earth Engine to expedite data processing tasks, we show

93 and single-shot spin measurement of six rare-earth (Er(3+)) ions, within the subwavelength volume of

94 environmental impact of biomineralization on Earth, especially if their biological affinities and mod

95 ages, the most abundant biological entity on Earth, evolve rapidly, and therefore, detection of unkno

96 ts, of a compact multiplanet system of super-Earth exoplanets orbiting the nearby red dwarf star GJ 8

97 elevant case study, a method suited to merge Earth/field observations with spatially explicit stochas

98 hy targets physically separated users on the Earth, for which the maximum distance has been about 100

99 The history of the Earth has been marked by major ecological transitions, d

100 Every coded protein ever produced by life on Earth has passed through the exit tunnel, which is the b

101 se of animals occurred during an interval of Earth history that witnessed dynamic marine redox condit

102 Devonian (393-383 Ma) was a turning point in Earth history, marking permanent changes to terrestrial

103 reservation associated with marine anoxia in Earth history.

104 We conclude that this population of near-Earth impactors has a size frequency distribution simila

105 ays, which could correspond to a third super-Earth in a more temperate orbit.

106 al processes that are fundamental to life on Earth, including photosynthesis, respiration, and cataly

107 ld operation are important advances for rare-earth ion magneto-optical devices.

108 tates in centrosymmetric oxides through rare-earth ion substitution.

109 n photonic data link using a monolithic rare-earth-ion-doped laser, a silicon microdisk modulator, an

110 VLF transmitter emissions that leak from the Earth-ionosphere waveguide are primarily responsible for

111 crucial next steps towards using single rare-earth ions for quantum networks are realizing long spin

112 state platform based on single coherent rare-earth ions for the future quantum internet.

113 The separation of rare-earth ions from one another is challenging due to their

114 he intrinsic magnetic properties of the rare-earth ions impact the separations of light/heavy and sel

115 context of their prebiotic origins on early earth is a continuing challenge.

116 Biodiversity on the Earth is changing at an unprecedented rate due to a vari

117 The energy balance of the Earth is controlled by the shortwave and longwave radiat

118 Wet-dry cycling on the early Earth is thought to have facilitated production of molec

119 The next step on the path toward another Earth is to find atmospheres similar to those of Earth a

120 If fewer Earth-like exoplanets are observed, testing the HZ hypot

121 a significant impact on the habitability of Earth-like exoplanets.

122 tionship between pCO(2) and incident flux on Earth-like planets in the HZ.

123 es directly linked to solar activity and the earth magnetic field.

124 two classes of ferromagnetic materials, rare-earth magnets with high intrinsic coercivity and antifer

125 positive control) while treatments with bare earth margin or sprayed with water (negative controls) h

126 namic modeling, we show that magma oceans of Earth, Mars, and the Moon are likely characterized with

127 solves the internal structure of hundreds of Earth-mass haloes in as much detail as it does for hundr

128 ke gas giant, they can remove a small (a few Earth masses) hydrogen and helium envelope on timescales

129 akthroughs in substituting precious and rare-Earth metal ions (e.g. Ru, Ir, Pt, Au, Eu) in these appl

130 genomic DNA, AA-TT condenses in all alkaline earth metal ions.

131 omplexity in a family of heterometallic rare-earth metal-organic frameworks based on highly connected

132 ls generally yield HFFF enriched in alkaline earth metals such as Sr and Ba, known to cause scaling i

133 urveys of microbial biodiversity such as the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) and the Human Microbiome

134 Using Human Microbiome Project and Earth Microbiome Project data, we show that phylogenize

135 The stools were sequenced using Earth Microbiome project protocols and data were process

136 throughput amplicon sequencing data from the Earth Microbiome Project, we provide evidence that DBD i

137 The rare-earth monopnictide family is attracting an intense curre

138 ctric-phase Sr(3) Sn(2) O(7) doped with rare earth Nd(3+) ions.

139 Given lightning frequency data from the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network and historical to

140 So far, Earth observation data has not been exploited to complet

141 tural hazard triggers while the potential of Earth observation data is evaluated as a complement to t

142 Earth observation-based estimates of global gross primar

143 GPP when compared with six state-of-the-art Earth observation-based GPP products.

144 explicit ecological approaches and of remote Earth observations.

145 revised dry deposition scheme in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemical transport mo

146 pproximately 60% compared to a geostationary Earth orbit constellation with similar coverage over typ

147 bitation and exploration of space beyond low-Earth orbit will require small crews to live in isolatio

148 erpendicularly-magnetized iron garnets, rare-earth orbital magnetism gives rise to an intrinsic spin-

149 idium Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in an Earth-orbiting research laboratory, the Cold Atom Lab.

150 f a continuous interstellar (60)Fe influx on Earth over the past ~33,000 y.

151 at importance to decipher the role that deep Earth plays in the global carbon and fluid cycle.

152 biogeochemical reactions that drive dynamic Earth processes such as rock formation.

153 lectron volts (keV) at altitudes of ~0.8-1.5 Earth radii on timescales over 10 days.

154 MOFs synthesized with rare-earth (RE) elements, which include scandium, yttrium and

155 erein, we report a series of mesoporous rare-earth (RE) MOFs that are constructed from an unusual 12-

156 m, owing to gravitational, deformational and Earth rotational effects(8), suggesting that the respons

157 Earth's ancient grasslands and savannas-hereafter old-gr

158 As CO(2) levels in Earth's atmosphere and oceans steadily rise, varying org

159 Isoprene has the highest emission into Earth's atmosphere of any nonmethane hydrocarbon.

160 eans has greatly impacted the composition of Earth's atmosphere since the evolution of oxygenic photo

161 mantle carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emission into Earth's atmosphere(1-3).

162 on of xenon compared to other noble gases in Earth's atmosphere.

163 ss of enigmatic electrical discharges in the Earth's atmosphere.

164 rite meteoroids tend not to survive entry to Earth's atmosphere.

165 ncountered by astronauts on missions outside Earth's atmosphere.

166 Conservation of Earth's biological diversity will be achieved only by re

167 ge across the daunting scope of diversity in Earth's biota and environments.

168 The Earth's biota is changing over time in complex ways.

169 Plato envisioned Earth's building blocks as cubes, a shape rarely found i

170 into Earth's mantle is a critical pathway in Earth's carbon cycle, affecting both the climate and the

171 Due to the importance of the Earth's carbon cycle, we focus on carbonate and bicarbon

172 The bulk Earth's carbon/sulfur ratio is best explained by the del

173 synthesis, thereby exerting key influence on Earth's climate and the redox state of (sub)surface Eart

174 e deliberate large-scale manipulation of the Earth's climate system-is a set of technologies for redu

175 se dynamics regulate ecosystem functions and Earth's climate, yet global models lack representation o

176 l importance to understanding changes in the Earth's climate.

177 ce temperature is a fundamental parameter of Earth's climate.

178 d and serve as biomarkers for reconstructing Earth's climatic and biogeochemical evolution.

179 er the past 640,000 years suggests pacing by Earth's climatic precession, with each glacial-interglac

180 Earth's core is likely the largest reservoir of carbon (

181 d up to pressures and temperatures exceeding Earth's core mantle boundary conditions.

182 Uranium (U) is a ubiquitous element in the Earth's crust at ~2 ppm.

183 Silicates-the largest constituent of the earth's crust-are excluded owing to their weak second ha

184 The Earth's crustal stress field controls active deformation

185 but the response of the largest component of Earth's cryosphere, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS),

186 ting activities with the consequences of the Earth's daily and seasonal rotation.

187 ts since the rise in oxygen concentration in Earth's early atmosphere.

188 ross a broad bacterial host range and across Earth's ecosystems.

189 Global environmental change is altering the Earth's ecosystems.

190 er had a profound and catastrophic effect on Earth's environment, but the impact trajectory is debate

191 in the habitats of early life together with Earth's evolving physicochemical conditions; the resulti

192 specialized metabolic systems present in the Earth's flora remain largely unstudied.

193 More than half of Earth's freshwater resources are held by the Antarctic I

194 nonlinear orbital perturbation forces (e.g., Earth's geopotential, gravitational effects of the sun a

195 been stored in these structures for most of Earth's history, partially shielded from convective homo

196 t in environment and serve a special role in Earth's history, such as Fe(3+) and Al(3+) .

197 For most of Earth's history, the ocean's interior was pervasively an

198 ic oxygen in limiting pyrite reactivity over Earth's history.

199 istinct from one another for the majority of Earth's history.

200 sources required to sustain a geodynamo over Earth's history.

201 nonenzymatic synthesis had to occur early in Earth's history.

202 nthic fish assemblages is greatly reduced on Earth's hottest coral reefs.

203 Quantifying changes in Earth's ice sheets and identifying the climate drivers a

204 The transport properties of iron under Earth's inner core conditions are essential input for th

205 (ENSO), which is one of the main drivers of Earth's inter-annual climate variability, often causes a

206 derive from deep-seated domains preserved in Earth's interior.

207 transport of carbon in aqueous fluids in the Earth's interior.

208 inent seismic anomalies and oxygen cycles in Earth's interior.

209 Drylands cover 41% of the earth's land surface and include 45% of the world's agri

210 a level that occurs across nearly 10% of the Earth's land surface), especially for organisms at highe

211 g potentially influences 50 million km(2) of Earth's land surface, with 8% coinciding with Protected

212 As Earth's landscape is increasingly dominated by anthropog

213 t in drylands, which collectively constitute Earth's largest biome.

214 rial, and modulates fluxes of carbon through Earth's largest terrestrial carbon reservoir.

215 xides are predicted as potential Xe hosts in Earth's lower mantle and could provide the repository fo

216 conditions corresponding to vast regions in Earth's lower mantle.

217 The Earth's magnetic field has operated for at least 3.4 bil

218 Earth's magnetic field is presently characterized by a l

219 rically charged particles are trapped by the Earth's magnetic field, forming the Van Allen radiation

220 (EDR) of asymmetric magnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause.

221 Identifying the origin of noble gases in Earth's mantle can provide crucial constraints on the so

222 The transport of carbon into Earth's mantle is a critical pathway in Earth's carbon c

223 dant mineral precursors at various depths in Earth's mantle.

224 Earth's microbial biosphere extends down through the cru

225 have raised the alarm about the fate of the Earth's most biodiverse forest.

226 cal water type and ecosystem productivity on Earth's most diverse aquatic vertebrate fauna and highli

227 hange, our ability to understand and predict Earth's natural systems is lagging behind our ability to

228 re in Western Australia is regarded as among Earth's oldest, but has hitherto lacked precise age cons

229 However, this accounts for ~80 to 90% of Earth's overall carbon inventory, which totals 370(150)

230 level and extent of polar ice sheets during Earth's past interglacial warm periods(1-3).

231 e data cover nearly all countries and 65% of Earth's populated surface, including cross-border moveme

232 termine the fate of a substantial portion of Earth's primary production.

233 o the moon, astronauts will once again leave Earth's protective magnetosphere only to endure higher l

234 he origin of ultra-relativistic electrons in Earth's radiation belts, as well as in magnetized plasma

235 eas (PAs), Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and Earth's remaining wilderness.

236 Rivers support some of Earth's richest biodiversity(1) and provide essential ec

237 Drylands cover 41% of Earth's surface and are the largest source of interannua

238 Excessive N deposition on Earth's surface leads to adverse feedbacks on ecosystems

239 gents of erosion that have profoundly shaped Earth's surface, but there is uncertainty about how glac

240 he median axial dipole dominance measured at Earth's surface.

241 can reach over 1000-fold the pressure on the Earth's surface.

242 s, distribution, and deposition of Hg to the Earth's surface.

243 e terrestrial planet is intact, only 9.7% of Earth's terrestrial protected network can be considered

244 endently estimate similar percentages of the Earth's terrestrial surface as having very low (20%-34%)

245 antle stirring rate supports the notion that Earth's thermal and chemical evolution is likely to have

246 Its thermal conductivity critically affects Earth's thermal structure, evolution, and dynamics, as i

247 nctions (VDFs) for each major ion species in Earth's topside ionosphere.

248 an atmosphere is in striking contrast to the Earth's troposphere, which generally has a deeper low-st

249 n to presently have a volatile cycle akin to Earth's tropospheric water cycle.

250 Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth's two largest expanses of tropical forest have div

251 ing vehicles without any moving parts in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at the surface of other pla

252 sly considered at conditions relevant to the Earth's upper mantle, with important implications for th

253 ought to reflect the heterogeneous nature of Earth's volatile accretion during the lifetime of the pr

254 is best explained by the delivery of most of Earth's volatiles from carbonaceous chondrite-like precu

255 Earth's water is therefore generally attributed to the l

256 The origin of Earth's water remains unknown.

257 tions between the economic, engineering, and Earth science uncertainties, illustrating the need for e

258 C) strategy to achieve the synthesis of rare-earth single erbium (Er) atoms supported on carbon nitri

259 ibits a single-peak radial structure in near-Earth space.

260 rable properties of tweezer-trapped alkaline-earth (strontium-88) atoms(8-10), and introduce a hybrid

261 Extraterrestrial (60)Fe has been found on Earth, suggesting close-by supernova explosions ~2 to 3

262 ure inherited during the earliest history of Earth-supporting an ancient origin of high (3)He/(4)He.

263 How plants have shaped Earth surface feedbacks over geologic time is a key ques

264 se a long-term increase in the delta(34)S of Earth surface reservoirs.

265 tion with a possible role in contributing to Earth surface temperature regulation.

266 We conclude that re-establishing biome and Earth system functions needs to become an urgent global

267 Extant Earth system model projections of global forest carbon s

268 cost reduction targets within a global human-earth system model with US state-level energy systems, i

269 Using a prognostic Earth system model, we show that a 0.1 increase in the r

270 simulations from HadGEM3-ES, a fully coupled Earth system model, with interactive atmospheric chemist

271 Earth system modeling suggests that radiative forcing fr

272 large initial-condition ensembles with five Earth System Models (ESM-LE).

273 Earth system models (ESMs) project that global warming s

274 er decomposition models are used within most Earth System Models (ESMs) to project future global carb

275 Therefore, both improving Earth system models (ESMs) with the progressive understa

276 om projections made with the CMIP6 and CMIP5 Earth System Models (ESMs), and is found to span a large

277 of tropical forest structure and dynamics in Earth system models (ESMs).

278 ds, and complicating the parameterisation of Earth system models and the estimation of future carbon

279 Although the latest Earth system models offer an unprecedented number of fea

280 aluable in calibrating and validating global earth system models to project changes in marine biota.

281 Earth system models, including those used by the United

282 changes in sea water temperature from three Earth system models, we project that the mean TTE in coa

283 sses and to infer physiological processes in Earth system models.

284 the global carbon price onto other critical Earth system processes has received little attention to

285 e hydraulic traits affect both ecosystem and Earth system responses to changing water availability.

286 , dust was a critical component of the early Earth system, and should always be considered when study

287 a key determinant of the functioning of the Earth system, but remain a major source of uncertainty i

288 standing of their impact on the evolution of Earth systems on a large scale.

289 n burial, limiting the variations of surface Earth temperature and atmospheric O(2) level.

290 The observed homochirality in all life on Earth, that is, the predominance of "left-handed" or l-a

291 idered one of the most pristine locations on earth, the deep-sea benthic ecosystems of the archipelag

292 r the centuries these tints evolved from raw earths to molecular masterpieces devised by expert chemi

293 terogeneous interactions of alkali, alkaline earth, transition and other metal ions and their global

294 could persist at depths corresponding to the Earth upper mantle and could possibly influence the dyna

295 ships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits

296 d isotopic compositions relative to the bulk-Earth value of ~0 per mille.

297 It remains unclear whether the early Earth was able to directly capture and retain volatiles

298 compounds pertaining to oxygen cycles inside Earth, which hold key to understanding major geological

299 orus (P) is an essential element for life on Earth, with an important and oftentimes unaccounted orga

300 and physics mechanisms for the possible deep-Earth Xe reservoir.