ライフサイエンスコーパス: efferents

1 pression in lateral and medial olivocochlear efferents.

2 on and the ability to effect actions through efferents.

3 nt activation of somatomotor and sympathetic efferents.

4 comitant activation of motor and sympathetic efferents.

5 n the MVe and most brain areas receiving MVe efferents.

6 hRs localized exclusively in corticothalamic efferents.

7 ions were the result of damage to entorhinal efferents.

8 within the zone of termination of cerebellar efferents.

9 unilateral ventral rhizotomies to eliminate efferents.

10 oxide synthase may be found in some retinal efferents.

11 s were neither type I SGNs nor olivocochlear efferents.

12 also synaptic targets of lateral geniculate efferents.

13 , somatosensory, and motor telencephalofugal efferents.

14 e convergence of afferents and divergence of efferents.

15 pallidal- versus nigral-projecting striatal efferents.

16 ely operated by static and dynamic fusimotor efferents.

17 , and threat detection through its ascending efferents.

18 II afferents and axosomatically terminating efferents.

19 ed synaptic targets of extrahypothalamic A14 efferents.

20 fer, to assess the innervation of LC by mPFC efferents.

21 propriate activation of selected sympathetic efferents.

22 with feedback loops, modulatory inputs, and efferents.

23 ine central gray are major recipients of LHb efferents.

24 tion of BST regions that receive hippocampal efferents.

25 nto the left NA to anterogradely label vagal efferents.

26 recruitment of the autonomic and somatomotor efferents.

27 non-dopaminergic component predominated VTA efferents, accounting for more than 50% of all projectin

28 Broca (MS) is a site at which noradrenergic efferents act to influence EEG state via actions at beta

29 nt firing, particularly irregular afferents, efferents adjust neural activity sensitive to rapid head

30 nts in their peripherally located parts, and efferents also innervate muscle fibers.

31 the nucleus accumbens, but some hippocampal efferents also originated in the parasubiculum, the pros

32 vian mSCN and vSCN collectively express more efferents and afferents than does the mammalian SCN.

33 B in the mSCN and vSCN were used to identify efferents and afferents.

34 of the brain owing to interruption of their efferents and afferents.

35 independent information about its long-range efferents and afferents.

36 Schwann cells of degenerating efferents and endoneurial cells also incorporated label.

37 Morphological differences between efferents and interneurons are discussed in light of a h

38 inputs were found primarily on the autonomic efferents and interneurons in the medial and intermediat

39 the connectivity between lateral geniculate efferents and neurons of the hypothalamus, including tho

40 ings suggest that the interaction between OC efferents and OHCs early in development may be critical

41 understanding of the daily control of vagal efferents and parasympathetic outflow.

42 ption, given that they innervate sympathetic efferents and project at best very lightly to the VRC.

43 eased densities of NGF-sensitive sympathetic efferents and sensory afferents.

44 PGi is by means of preganglionic and somatic efferents and spinal interneurons closely associated wit

45 reticulata (SNr), a main target of striatal efferents and the primary output nucleus of the basal ga

46 Thus, medial olivocochlear efferents and type II afferents, which both contact oute

47 esult in death of cortical neurons and their efferents and ultimately in death or damage of thalamoco

48 e is capable of activating prey motor neuron efferents, and hence muscles.

49 ses from collaterals of medial olivocochlear efferents, and the other arises from neurons that projec

50 cleus was the major source of these amygdala efferents, and there was a crude topography as parts of

51 ack hindbrain bmn, suggesting that the motor efferents are crucial for appropriate sensory axon proje

52 w that interneurons are En-positive, whereas efferents are En-negative.

53 Here, we show that efferents are essential for long-term maintenance of coc

54 These efferents are functionally inhibitory, using the same io

55 ets suggests that terminal populations of L5 efferents are not consistently large but vary with corti

56 se data further suggest that all hippocampal efferents are not homogeneous, and that the hippocampus

57 us and supports the hypothesis that cortical efferents are required scaffolds to guide TCAs into cort

58 It is also known that LC efferents are spatially organized with respect to their

59 ir cell areas suggested that outer hair cell efferents are the most important in minimizing this neur

60 To evaluate whether SCN/AH graft efferents arise from the donor SCN, we used micropunch g

61 The precise functional role of neural efferents arising from SCN/AH grafts in the restoration

62 rian degeneration of the cortical descending efferents as observed in the basilar pons.

63 the nucleus ambiguus to label vagal cardiac efferents (at 3, 6, and 9 months).

64 oordinates activation of motor and autonomic efferents before or at the onset of exercise.

65 peripheral vagal afferents and central vagal efferents but less information is available regarding th

66 both innervated and regulated by sympathetic efferents, but the distribution and identity of the cell

67 pathway to the inner ear, the olivocochlear efferents, by examining otoacoustic emissions created by

68 ern for locomotion, maturation of peripheral efferents, changes in afferent modulation of the central

69 ir cells and calyx endings, show that turtle efferents commonly contact afferent boutons terminating

70 nostaining included: 1) the medial habenula, efferents composing the fasciculus retroflexus, and the

71 In these sites, intergeniculate efferents contacted populations of neurons that were ret

72 These findings suggest that vagal efferents continue to maintain homeostatic control over

73 to the medial prefrontal cortex, that these efferents contribute to fear memory behavior, and that C

74 afferents, or the temporal lobe subcortical efferents, contributed to the behavioural syndrome and t

75 agal capsaicin induces degeneration of vagal efferents controlling GI functions.

76 Two candidate sites at which LC efferents could influence ECoG and HEEG are the medial s

77 ade trans-synaptic transport of cre from NAc efferents decreased cocaine self-administration in rats.

78 actory bulb neurons or their piriform cortex efferents decreased gamma oscillation power in limbic ar

79 SO to the cochlea, the lateral olivocochlear efferents, disrupted the normal interaural correlation i

80 Well established is the distribution of efferents en masse from r2-derived, Pet1-neurons; unknow

81 core the circuit-specific alterations in LHb efferents following chronic social stress, shedding ligh

82 For these nerves, the motor efferents form prior to the sensory afferents, and their

83 s to each of the plexuses; (3) these cardiac efferents formed dense basket terminals around individua

84 Ascending efferents from all three nuclei of the torus innervate c

85 In contrast to the efferents from area 25 previously described in the rat,

86 Although efferents from both regions formed both symmetric and as

87 t has been demonstrated that the subcortical efferents from CA3 and CA1 can be selectively disrupted

88 These results suggest that efferents from different subnuclei of the secondary gust

89 opils that are distinct from those receiving efferents from divisions of the vertical lobe that repre

90 orsal expression of collapsin-1 prevents all efferents from entering the cord early and sustained ven

91 MAv are in many respects similar to those of efferents from M1.

92 escending commands mediated by corticospinal efferents from old M1 must use the integrative mechanism

93 Efferents from PaS and PrS show a selective laminar term

94 asolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) and efferents from the BLA that run through the stria termin

95 In contrast, efferents from the CMAd terminate most densely in the do

96 Finally, we identified specific efferents from the CRH-containing region of the LHA to t

97 ventral tegmental area (VTA), and excitatory efferents from the DH to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC)

98 We also hypothesize that efferents from the dorsocentral (DC) telencephalon proje

99 3% in the head of the caudate nucleus, where efferents from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex projec

100 and piriform cortex share target areas, but efferents from the endopiriform nucleus lack the precise

101 Efferents from the GLv follow a descending course throug

102 Surprisingly, though efferents from the lateral hypothalamic orexin field wer

103 Efferents from the left habenula terminate along the ent

104 also examined the pattern of termination of efferents from the primary motor cortex (M1).

105 re to assess more directly whether damage to efferents from the retrohippocampal region, rather than

106 Conversely, efferents from the right habenula adopt a more extensive

107 on may depend on specific ipsilateral neural efferents from the SCN to LH releasing hormone (LHRH)-co

108 examine the pattern of spinal termination of efferents from the supplementary motor area (SMA) and th

109 also innervated by two groups of cholinergic efferents from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body

110 Glutamatergic efferents from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex target

111 We found that the efferents from the visual DVR originated solely from the

112 and motor actions through striatum-targeting efferents from ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substant

113 Given a model in which these accumbens efferents gate the excitability of basal forebrain choli

114 Cortical efferents growing in the same environment diverge early

115 We report that the activation of efferents has strong modulatory effects on systems of co

116 radrenergic receptors on basolateral nucleus efferents has wide-ranging implications for the numerous

117 us, the cellular associations of cholinergic efferents, identified by the low-affinity, p75 neurotrop

118 sual object) information from perforant path efferents in a unique manner that is consistent with the

119 ty patterns and reveal the important role of efferents in coordinating bilateral spontaneous activity

120 While the role of LHb efferents in depressive disorders has been acknowledged,

121 The vagal afferents, PNs and vagal cardiac efferents in diabetic mice were compared with age-matche

122 owever, the functional role of distinct lPBN efferents in diverse nocifensive responses have remained

123 l of sympathetic outflow to the cold defense efferents in mammals.

124 Stimulation of vagal afferents or efferents in mice 24 hours before IRI markedly attenuate

125 mine system and several of its afferents and efferents in motivational function.

126 ovide the first functional evidence for such efferents in neurologically intact hamsters by exploitin

127 e, while heart rate changes were caused by B-efferents in specific fascicles.

128 hese results suggest that septal cholinergic efferents in the dentate gyrus: (1) preferentially inner

129 No efferents in the group were En-positive.

130 ution of intergeniculate and suprachiasmatic efferents in the hypothalamus and their similar relation

131 ith the effects of electrical stimulation of efferents in the mammalian cochlea.

132 In complementary experiments, the 20 or so efferents in the T3 DUM group, which are octopaminergic,

133 ally specific optogenetic inhibition of RMTg efferents in the ventral tegmental area.

134 proprioceptive organs that are innervated by efferents in their peripherally located parts, and effer

135 ive labeling of motoneurons and ventral root efferents-in particular, in an extremely densely labeled

136 a, and also the breadth of amygdalo-striatal efferents, including projections beyond the "classic" ve

137 rm potentiation in downstream targets of BLA efferents, including the hippocampus.

138 he localization of NADPH-diaphorase in these efferents indicated that they may use nitric oxide to mo

139 This extended terminal field of DMP efferents indicates that mMAN encompasses a core populat

140 ylcholine or electrical stimulation of vagal efferents, indicating that our system could detect incre

141 Electrical stimulation of cardiac vagal efferents induced a voltage-related bradycardia, the mag

142 t, afferent fiber type determines if and how efferents innervate, whether axodendritically on the aff

143 bitory interneurons controlling motor neuron efferents innervating muscle groups distant from the sit

144 known about the function of the cholinergic efferents innervating peripheral vestibular hair cells.

145 jections, the topographic specificity of LHb efferents is not completely understood, and the relative

146 ibitory strength of the medial olivocochlear efferents is weaker in children with a documented histor

147 Rostral ventrolateral medullary efferents labeled with BDA were apposed to thoracic reti

148 by sensory afferents (but not by sympathetic efferents) leads to a further increase of terminal arbor

149 nt paradigm were abolished by lesions of LHb efferents, lesions of the RMTg, or by optogenetic inacti

150 In the corticotectal efferents, LI-rTMS improved topography of the most abnor

151 cleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where VMH efferents make close contacts with catecholaminergic neu

152 The sprouted motor efferents may account for some of the reorganization of

153 cystokinin, and that MC4R signaling in vagal efferents may contribute to the control of the liver and

154 secondary to the direct activation of motor efferents, MRs are elicited by activation of type-I sens

155 sequential to the direct activation of motor efferents; MRs are secondary to type-I sensory afferent

156 3 receptor levels in limbic striatum and its efferents observed in patients with schizophrenia may be

157 reflex responses of static and dynamic gamma-efferents occurs that is dependent upon behavioural cont

158 The efferents of Ep2 traveled dorsolaterally to terminate in

159 present study investigated the afferents and efferents of MeA and MeP by using combined anterograde a

160 Efferents of the CA1-projecting subiculum neurons also t

161 ith serial two-photon tomography, to map the efferents of the LHb on a standard coordinate system for

162 The efferents of the MHb homolog selectively target the inte

163 uences reach even into the inner ear via the efferents of the olivocochlear bundle, the medial branch

164 of previous studies have shown afferents and efferents of the presumptive "nucleus accumbens," detail

165 The visceral efferents of the superior cervical ganglia did not conta

166 sive measure of the effect of human auditory efferents on cochlear gain and compression.

167 These neurons send efferents onto key hypothalamic circuits, including thos

168 ) to determine more specifically whether SCN efferents originated in the core or shell using neuroche

169 bal pattern of these outputs, we examined L5 efferents originating from four cortical areas: somatose

170 There has been speculation whether efferents play a necessary role in directing or achievin

171 cleus cholinergic neurons and their thalamic efferents play a role in postural control in patients wi

172 these experimental conditions, noradrenergic efferents, presumably arising from LC, modulate forebrai

173 s to TPO, whereas posterior Ep2 neurons sent efferents primarily to NIL.

174 eased expression of 5-HT1B receptors in NAcc efferents, probably in the terminals of medium spiny neu

175 SCN/AH graft efferents project into areas normally innervated by the

176 at an ISI of 1 ms, indicating that cortical efferents project onto a shared population of target neu

177 jections to corresponding parts of Ep, whose efferents projected to intermediate and posterior Ep2, r

178 structural remodeling of vagal afferents and efferents provides a foundation for further analysis of

179 metry extends to protein levels in habenular efferents, providing additional evidence that left and r

180 also show that approximately 68% of mPOA-VTA efferents release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), over 7

181 clock function and the extent of SCN-derived efferents remain to be determined.

182 localized thermal inhibition of unmyelinated efferents results in a significant decrease in the activ

183 M-channels in CA3 pyramidal neurons and its efferents - Schaffer collateral, which causes the depola

184 ic mouse line (both sexes) to label these L5 efferents selectively.

185 ; however, it is not known whether these NTS efferents specifically target LC dendrites.

186 ry afferents and somatosensory corticospinal efferents sprouted in an overlapping region of the dorsa

187 ical fear conditioning, with CA3 subcortical efferents supporting acquisition of both cued and contex

188 ntion of contextual fear and CA1 subcortical efferents supporting the encoding and retrieval of both

189 t the endopiriform nucleus; (2) endopiriform efferents target cortical rather than nuclear structures

190 d support the hypotheses that (i) cerebellar efferents target frontal lobe neurons involved in formin

191 The terminals of these efferents target protocerebral neuropils that are distin

192 Hippocampal efferents terminated most densely in the medial and vent

193 r data reveal more widespread and diverse L5 efferents than previously appreciated, suggesting a gene

194 aptic cre transfer into LC neurons from mPFC efferents than the females.

195 , ensuring maximal remote activation of prey efferents that blocks subsequent prey movement by induci

196 GFP-positive efferents that co-expressed choline acetyltransferase sp

197 All 12 are CCAP efferents that exit the central nervous system.

198 ng, suggesting that beta-2 AR regulate vBNST efferents that release CRF into the VTA, activating CRF

199 mmunohistochemistry to characterize VTA GABA efferents throughout the brain.

200 nucleus enabled the selective tracing of C3 efferents throughout the rat CNS, thus revealing the ana

201 pothalamus in neuronal populations that send efferents to areas where alpha-MSH1-13 is released from

202 here exists: 1) lateralization of hypocretin efferents to basal forebrain and brainstem arousal-relat

203 ndicate that approximately 80% of hypocretin efferents to basal forebrain regions project ipsilateral

204 Although PG efferents to DL are spatially organized, the projection

205 t enter the hindbrain in order for the motor efferents to exit.

206 e and shell each project through commissural efferents to homologous contralateral areas.

207 Taken together, the distribution of GnIH efferents to neural sites regulating reproductive behavi

208 These regions have major afferents from and efferents to other associative cortices.

209 Moreover, the capacity of the vagal efferents to reinnervate the GI tract under comparable c

210 part by excessive hippocampal gluatmatergic efferents to sgACC.

211 demonstrate a broad spatial organization of efferents to striatum and regions surrounding RA, thus d

212 posed by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its efferents to the amygdala.

213 Thus, the anterior Ec sent efferents to the anterior Ep, which in turn sent project

214 escape behaviors, whereas activation of lPBN efferents to the bed nucleus stria terminalis (BNST) or

215 eral vs. contralateral distribution of raphe efferents to the ependymal wall of the lateral ventricle

216 nnectivity and the selective targeting of EC efferents to the hippocampus, provide evidence for subre

217 Severing habenular efferents to the IPN, or only those from the left dHb, p

218 Thus, activity of LHb efferents to the midbrain is aversive but can also serve

219 FG and AR showed that over one-third of MPO efferents to the PAG contain receptors for either estrog

220 s of Meynert/substantia innominata; and sent efferents to the pons, superior colliculus, reticular nu

221 Vagal preganglionic efferents to the rat stomach were labeled anterogradely

222 support the hypothesis that a portion of NTS efferents to the RVL may be involved in sympathoexcitato

223 Efferents to the sacculus, the main auditory end organ,

224 nse potentiates evoked GABA release from MSN efferents to the SNr and drives motor sensitization.

225 FO that were identified as neurons that send efferents to the SON.

226 of electrocommunication signals, whereas DC efferents to the tectum modulate sensory control of move

227 study, we examined the relationship of VLPO efferents to the TMN using both retrograde and anterogra

228 calize the cells in the brain giving rise to efferents to the turtle retina.

229 However, it not only sends strong efferents to these areas but is also heavily innervated

230 the origin and organization of noradrenergic efferents to these basal forebrain regions by using comb

231 quantitative investigation of preoptic area efferents to these monoaminergic groups.

232 Approximately 80-85% of locus coeruleus efferents to these regions project ipsilaterally.

233 amined: 1) lateralization of locus coeruleus efferents to these regions; 2) the topographical organiz

234 ion to subcortical sites, the majority of LC efferents to VB and POm thalamus originate in the ipsila

235 turn, directs the posterior outgrowth of dHb efferents toward the IPN and, when disrupted, results in

236 We find that efferents transmit a precise copy of the motor signal an

237 These VMH efferents travel caudally through the periaqueductal gra

238 of CA3 efferents via the fimbria and the CA1 efferents via the dorsal fornix for encoding and consoli

239 ent was designed to evaluate the role of CA3 efferents via the fimbria and the CA1 efferents via the

240 , the recovery of secretomotor and vasomotor efferents was determined by recording salivary flow from

241 Previously, electrical stimulation of efferents was linked to an increase in resting discharge

242 h in emphasis from pallidal to mesencephalic efferents was not observed for dopamine-induced motor ac

243 Retinal efferents were evaluated in 45 subcortical structures.

244 Contacts between afferents and efferents were observed frequently in the inner spiral b

245 leucoagglutinin-labeled, lateral geniculate efferents were observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus,

246 In anaesthetised cats, afferents and efferents were recorded in intramuscular nerve branches

247 effective subthalamic nucleus afferents and efferents were reduced by stimulation, whereas cortico-s

248 The bmn efferents were unaffected in these mutants.

249 Efferents were unaffected, and supporting cells, though

250 t the distribution patterns of SCN and vSPVZ efferents were very similar.

251 sal fibres activated by individual fusimotor efferents) were separated by a minimum conduction path o

252 es by both vagal sensory afferents and motor efferents, which allowed us to assess the sites innervat

253 y to contact adrenergic somata than were NTS efferents, which usually contacted dendrites.

254 during electrical stimulation of vestibular efferents while applying several subtype-selective nAChR

255 The shifting of afferents and efferents with cortical reduction or expansion at very e

256 that combines anterograde tracing of nigral efferents with pre-embedding choline acetyltransferase (

257 sensory miswiring, culminating in functional efferents within proximal afferent pathways.

258 xcitation of T stellate cells by cholinergic efferents would be expected to enhance the encoding of s