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1 urning a s/p-band metal into a highly active electrocatalyst.
2 increase the activity and selectivity of an electrocatalyst.
3 area measurement of a particular metal oxide electrocatalyst.
4 dic ethanol oxidation using nickel boride as electrocatalyst.
5 CO(2) battery with a carbon-based metal-free electrocatalyst.
6 a promising nexus between semiconductor and electrocatalyst.
7 to develop a selective, scalable, and stable electrocatalyst.
8 n and HER activity for a thin film palladium electrocatalyst.
9 n each crystallographic facet of a potential electrocatalyst.
10 general guidelines for the design of active electrocatalysts.
11 other binary or ternary alloys as fuel cell electrocatalysts.
12 r the development of selective CO(2)-to-fuel electrocatalysts.
13 er general mechanistic features of oxidation electrocatalysts.
14 ch even surpasses most reported Ti-based NRR electrocatalysts.
15 M NaOH, comparable to state-of-the-art Pt/C electrocatalysts.
16 determining the surface areas of metal oxide electrocatalysts.
17 in achieving optimum activity for ultrathin electrocatalysts.
18 more complex and heterogeneous ensembles of electrocatalysts.
19 n associated with self-reconstruction of OER electrocatalysts.
20 the surface area measurement of metal oxide electrocatalysts.
21 is area has been carbon-based metal-free ORR electrocatalysts.
22 ly lies in the development of cost-effective electrocatalysts.
23 or developing highly efficient and selective electrocatalysts.
24 inapplicable for more active nanostructured electrocatalysts.
25 lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysts.
26 non-conductive materials to form new active electrocatalysts.
27 cumented TMP-based and non-noble-metal-based electrocatalysts.
28 hemical characterization of oxygen evolution electrocatalysts.
29 ed to previously reported non-precious-metal electrocatalysts.
30 n the fundamentals of reaction and efficient electrocatalysts.
31 e development of highly active and selective electrocatalysts.
32 e development of carbon-based metal-free ORR electrocatalysts.
33 all other transition metal (hydr)oxide-based electrocatalysts.
34 for chemists who aim at designing synthetic electrocatalysts.
35 ly efficient single-atom decorated 1T-MoS(2) electrocatalysts.
36 supported on nitrogen-doped carbons as eNRR electrocatalysts.
37 ecord value among the reported intrinsic MOF electrocatalysts.
38 to design efficient and durable nonprecious electrocatalysts.
39 few known high-performing pure-phase MOF-OER electrocatalysts.
40 of ordering leads to more active and durable electrocatalysts.
41 bon-support corrosion of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.
42 ves a new avenue toward high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.
43 talyst and state-of-the-art noble metal-free electrocatalysts.
44 rface for the high-performance and selective electrocatalysts.
45 reported Ni-, Co-, and Fe-based bifunctional electrocatalysts.
46 ombined with tuning the crystallinity of NRR electrocatalysts.
47 r the rational design of a new generation of electrocatalysts.
48 kaline media, outperforming current Ru-based electrocatalysts.
49 the limitations of conventional single-metal electrocatalysts.
50 nces reported for metal-free CO(2) reduction electrocatalysts.
51 ls, which is consistent with known synthetic electrocatalysts.
52 ctivity between ordered and disordered alloy electrocatalysts.
53 ds in ECH be formulated based on the type of electrocatalyst?(3)What are the impacts of reaction cond
58 oxidation with the cobalt-corrole CoBr(8) as electrocatalyst affords H(2)O(2) as the main product in
60 ECM) of two electrodeposited manganese-based electrocatalysts, amorphous MnO(x) and perovskite CaMnO(
61 (2)Ru(2)O(7-delta) pyrochlore O(2)-evolution electrocatalyst and a Pt/C H(2)-evolution electrocatalys
62 e higher than that of the benchmarked IrO(2) electrocatalyst and at least 3.5 times higher than the m
63 ility to use platinum group metal (PGM)-free electrocatalysts and cheaper membranes, ionomers, and co
64 sition metal- and/or heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalysts and is even superior to benchmark Ir/C.
65 plest strategies for preparing highly active electrocatalysts and is very flexible for the replacemen
66 band theory to activity prediction of metal electrocatalysts and may offer an insightful understandi
67 proton reduction catalyzed by both molecular electrocatalysts and metalloenzymes, but well-defined ex
69 s and chiral templates, have been applied as electrocatalysts and selective stationary phases for the
70 ign strategies for selective CO(2) reduction electrocatalysts and serve as a model for understanding
71 sts the intrinsic and apparent activities of electrocatalysts and shows a great potential toward desi
72 echanistic understanding of Ni@1T-MoS(2) HER electrocatalysts and suggest that the understanding gain
73 rnative for platinum as an active and stable electrocatalyst, and furthermore that nitrogen plasma tr
75 wever, DHFCs currently use noble-metal-based electrocatalysts, and the scarcity and high cost of nobl
76 highly efficient, cost-effective and robust electrocatalysts, and the suitable integration of those
83 that non-precious metal-based alkaline water electrocatalysts are receiving increased attention, nobl
85 also found to be a good support material for electrocatalysts as it helps to form compliant interface
86 When benchmarked against a commercial Ir/C electrocatalyst at 250 mV of overpotential, such a nanoc
87 Further development requires engineering electrocatalysts at the atomic level, which is a grand c
91 a highly active and durable water oxidation electrocatalyst based on cubic nanocages with a composit
92 velopment of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant nonprecious mat
93 of the biggest challenges in this field, and electrocatalysts based on expensive platinum-group metal
94 erstanding on the origins of the activity of electrocatalysts based on metal selenides, but also shed
95 rs valuable insights for constructing robust electrocatalysts based on theoretical calculations guide
97 een intensively investigated as bifunctional electrocatalysts because of their superior catalytic act
98 cations in energy storage (battery) studies, electrocatalyst benchmarking, and corrosion research.
99 hibit ORR activities approaching that of PGM electrocatalysts but at a fraction of the cost, promisin
100 te morphological and mesoscopic structure of electrocatalysts, but also by immense concentration grad
101 ctive immobilised molecular metal-chalcoxide electrocatalysts by controlling the chalcogen or metal s
104 trans to the active site proved to be active electrocatalysts capable of selective CO(2) electroreduc
105 nd carbamic acid) with a well-established Mn electrocatalyst changes the product selectivity from CO
106 t morphology of the SURMOF-derived ultrathin electrocatalyst coating led to a high exposure of the mo
107 n kinetics and the deployment of inexpensive electrocatalysts compared with their acidic counterparts
109 tive in producing H(2) and CO, respectively, electrocatalysts containing both Co and Ni show a high s
110 the mechanistic understanding of metal-free electrocatalysts continues to be elusive in comparison t
113 on (HER) at individual carbon-supported PtNP electrocatalysts covered by a 100 to 800 nm thick layer
117 star decahedron Cu nanoparticles (SD-Cu NPs) electrocatalysts, displaying twin boundaries (TBs) and m
119 ed in applications such as chemical sensors, electrocatalysts, energy storage materials, and electron
123 Despite the loss in Faradaic efficiency, the electrocatalysts exhibit similar carbon dioxide reductio
124 ur species in porous carbon nanosheets as an electrocatalyst exhibiting excellent activity and durabi
127 nge for the *NNH formation, and the 3D alloy electrocatalyst exhibits high catalytic activity for NH(
132 media, which renders it a very promising HOR electrocatalyst for hydrogen fuel cell applications.
133 oxic, selective, and stable O(2)-to-H(2)O(2) electrocatalyst for realizing continuous on-site product
134 oS(2) basal plane renders MoS(2) inert as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
135 k metal nanosheet-is an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the ORR and the OER in alkaline elec
136 kel oxyhydroxide (beta-NiOOH) is a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER),
137 Gold is the most active and selective known electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO(2) to CO in aque
139 Furthermore, when employed as a cathode electrocatalyst for zinc-air batteries, PcCu-O(8) -Co de
140 sigma(e) ) constitute an important family of electrocatalysts for a variety of applications including
141 ve received increasing interest as promising electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion and stor
144 lows for reducer-free synthesis of excellent electrocatalysts for application in harshly alkaline hyd
145 for guiding the rational engineering of OER electrocatalysts for applications in renewable energy-re
146 on applying strain to enhance heterogeneous electrocatalysts for both HER and OER are reviewed and f
152 t progresses in the exploitation of advanced electrocatalysts for diverse electrochemical reactions i
153 are some of the most promising candidates as electrocatalysts for electrical-energy-storage (EES) sys
154 ntion has been recently drawn to metal oxide electrocatalysts for electrocatalysis-based energy stora
155 s a pathway of engineering single-atom-based electrocatalysts for enhanced ammonia electrosynthesis.
156 r measuring the surface areas of metal oxide electrocatalysts for evaluating and comparing their intr
157 as a guide for the development of efficient electrocatalysts for formate oxidation as well as for CO
163 t review, providing examples of bio-inspired electrocatalysts for key energy conversion reactions and
164 elopment of active, acid-stable and low-cost electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction is urgent
165 (PEMFCs) relies on highly active and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in
166 Developing earth-abundant and efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splittin
167 nsight into the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts for reducing CO(2) to multi-carbon prod
170 hydroxides (LDHs) are among the most active electrocatalysts for the alkaline oxygen evolution react
171 =1) with tunable composition are employed as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HE
172 described along with their ability to act as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction fro
174 Efficient and durable nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction (ORR) are high
175 the leading platinum group metal (PGM)-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
176 ameworks (MOFs) represent a family of rising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
177 rmance, low-cost, and conductive nonprecious electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)
178 (2))(0.73)O(4) (MCF-0.8), that are effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.
179 the recent research advances made in porous electrocatalysts for these five important reactions are
181 ons of in situ TEM for direct observation of electrocatalyst formation, evolution, and degradation in
183 e precious and nonprecious group metal based electrocatalysts from the perspective of various interfa
187 A large number of advanced water-splitting electrocatalysts have been developed through recent unde
190 is for the exceptional ORR activity of M-N-C electrocatalysts impedes rational design for further imp
195 Cobalt complexes have shown great promise as electrocatalysts in applications ranging from hydrogen e
196 cidate the mechanisms of other heterogeneous electrocatalysts in aqueous solution and enable more eff
198 s made to highlight the advantages of porous electrocatalysts in multiobjective optimization of surfa
199 Future possibilities and challenges for gel electrocatalysts in terms of synthesis and applications
200 r development needs for HEMELs and benchmark electrocatalysts in terms of the cost-performance tradeo
201 robust catalytic interface for heterogeneous electrocatalysts in the reduction of CO(2) to C(2) oxyge
202 ly, the future research directions on porous electrocatalysts including synthetic strategies leading
203 can be gained with XAS on complex real-world electrocatalysts including their working mechanisms and
204 novel emerging concept of integrating MS(x) electrocatalysts into conventional carbonaceous matrices
207 n for utilizing mechanical strain to tune an electrocatalyst is given, followed by a discussion of th
209 Herein, a hetero-single-atom (h-SA) ORR electrocatalyst is presented, which has atomically dispe
210 ingular charge balance process for which the electrocatalyst is solid but the reaction is homogeneous
211 ver, developing active, selective and stable electrocatalysts is challenging and entails material str
212 st-effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is critical for many energy devices.
213 These findings show that the surface of Cu electrocatalysts is dynamic during the CO(2)RR, and emph
216 Pursuing active and durable water splitting electrocatalysts is of vital significance for solving th
220 cates that the currently utilized classes of electrocatalysts may not be adequate for future needs.
222 Herein, a new class of heterogeneous OER electrocatalyst (metallic Co nanoparticles anchored on y
223 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) electrocatalyst modified with a silatrane-anchor (STEMPO
224 hniques have led to a range of sophisticated electrocatalysts, mostly based on expensive platinum gro
225 polyacrylonitrile-derived Ni,N-doped carbon electrocatalysts (Ni-PACN) with a range of pyrolysis tem
226 iving increased attention, noble metal-based electrocatalysts (NMEs) applied in proton exchange membr
227 ctiveness of currently known CO(2) reduction electrocatalysts, nonetheless, materials discovery is ne
229 active-center-transferable heterostructured electrocatalysts, platinum/lithium cobalt oxide (Pt/LiCo
232 e electrocatalytic properties of HER and OER electrocatalysts relative to their activities under stat
233 velopment of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts remains a major challenge that requires
234 tantially outperform all the water oxidation electrocatalysts reported in literature, with an overpot
237 e high content of platinum-group-metal (PGM) electrocatalysts required to perform the sluggish oxygen
238 ering nickel and oxygen atoms, the optimized electrocatalyst shows great enhancement in the hydrogen
240 with a focus on batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysts, solar water purification, and atmosphe
241 aline ionomer cation-exchange head groups on electrocatalysts surfaces, and (v) the potential of alte
243 made in the development of low-cost PGM-free electrocatalysts synthesized from inexpensive, earth-abu
246 ene resulted in a heterogeneous molecular Co electrocatalyst that was active and selective to reduce
248 limits the development of higher-performance electrocatalysts that are required by next-generation el
249 r electrolysis requires robust and efficient electrocatalysts that can sustain seawater splitting wit
250 ibilities for the development of alternative electrocatalysts that could overcome the scaling relatio
251 e present a scalable method for preparing Cu electrocatalysts that favor CO(2) conversion to C(2+) pr
253 roatom (e.g., B, N, O, P and S)-doped carbon electrocatalysts, the activities of which are comparable
256 vances requires efficient and earth-abundant electrocatalysts to accelerate the kinetically sluggish
257 quired for advancing the design of efficient electrocatalysts to control the reaction pathway to the
258 ree carbon nanomaterials as efficient photo-/electrocatalysts to facilitate the critical chemical rea
259 t have been developed for iron porphyrin ORR electrocatalysts to improve the performance of the corre
260 gy to manipulate the electronic structure of electrocatalysts to improve their performance, but few r
261 llable compositions and functions enable gel electrocatalysts to potentially break the limitations of
265 hen explain the critical aspects of Pt-based electrocatalysts to tune oxygen reduction properties fro
267 he different atomic species in bimetallic NP electrocatalysts under operando reaction conditions in o
270 an efficient noble-metal-free N(2) reduction electrocatalyst via a low-temperature plasma bombardment
271 ful tool for fine-tuning atomic structure of electrocatalysts via surface faceting, heteroatom doping
273 on electrocatalyst and a Pt/C H(2)-evolution electrocatalyst, we demonstrate a brine electrolyzer wit
274 s one as the most promising MoS(x)-based HER electrocatalysts, we demonstrate that the covalent assoc
276 Fe]-hydrogenases behave as highly reversible electrocatalysts when immobilized on an electrode, opera
277 ain-group element indium (In) is a promising electrocatalyst which triggers CO(2) reduction to format
278 cell, enabling us to discover two promising electrocatalysts, which we subsequently validated using
279 discovered for mixed nickel/cobalt hydroxide electrocatalysts, which were derived in one-step procedu
282 The multiple synergistic effects empower the electrocatalyst with exceptional OER activity, with an o
283 is strategy results in an alloyed perovskite electrocatalyst with simultaneously improved iridium mas
284 offers a new way to design high-performance electrocatalysts with atomic precision for use in other
285 ed intermetallic nanoparticles are promising electrocatalysts with enhanced activity and durability f
288 lenge and requires the design of nonplatinum electrocatalysts with high activity and, ideally, low co
289 However, developing non-noble metal OER electrocatalysts with high activity, long durability and
290 chemists are able to make ever more complex electrocatalysts with high levels of control, which prov
291 e interesting idea to find out the excellent electrocatalysts with improved electrochemical performan
293 n outstanding ORR activity, outperforming SA electrocatalysts with only Fe- or Ni-SAs, and the benchm
294 tegy-the functionalization of the surface of electrocatalysts with organic molecules-that stabilizes
295 -incorporated strontium cobaltite perovskite electrocatalysts with similar surface transition metal p
298 however, results in higher stability of the electrocatalyst, with the more disordered nanoparticles
299 ng the amount of iridium in oxygen evolution electrocatalysts without compromising their catalytic pe
300 ost active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts yet reported in alkaline solutions.