ライフサイエンスコーパス: endodermal

1 sing a novel transgenic line that labels the endodermal actin cytoskeleton, we found that these stage

2 er is involved in Fe influx into vacuoles of endodermal and bundle sheath cells.

3 tion, the Wnt(high) hESCs predominantly form endodermal and cardiac cells, whereas the Wnt(low) hESCs

4 In endodermal and cortical cells, the noa1 mutant acts syne

5 The fact that both endodermal and ectodermal beta-catenin knockout animals

6 dult pituitary reveals similar competency of endodermal and ectodermal epithelia to generate all endo

7 The orthogonally oriented endodermal and ectodermal muscle fibers are jointly acti

8 tor signaling and causes ectopic mesodermal, endodermal and epidermal fate commitment in the embryo.

9 Ectodermal cells segregated from endodermal and extraembryonic but mixed with mesodermal

10 adenosine induces the expression of some key endodermal and hepatocyte-specific genes in mouse and hu

11 Metabolic switching during endodermal and mesodermal differentiation coincides with

12 ssion of transcription factors driving early endodermal and mesodermal differentiation, partially ove

13 The control system initiates non-interacting endodermal and mesodermal gene regulatory networks in ve

14 neighboring cell populations of ectodermal, endodermal and mesodermal origin.

15 es, with the supporting cell types from both endodermal and mesodermal origins in a hexagonal lobule

16 hat the germline ablation of Cubilin impairs endodermal and mesodermal patterning, and results in dev

17 ids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein

18 of hPGC-like fate, whereas BLIMP1 represses endodermal and other somatic genes during specification

19 ALT2 was expressed specifically in root endodermal and peridermal cells as well as in stem later

20 study, we uncover a conditional role for the endodermal and pulmonary specifying TF GATA6 in lung ade

21 potent cells and subsequently in ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal derivatives.

22 derivatives of each germ layer, ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal.

23 Fewer cortical, endodermal, and vascular cells are generated in the embr

24 ate decisions and outgrowth of the embryonic endodermal anlagen.

25 gether, our work establishes the role of the endodermal barrier system in defence against a soil-born

26 ledge on the formation of these two distinct endodermal barriers and their regulatory role in nutrien

27 In the vertebrate head, endodermal branches, called pharyngeal pouches, form thr

28 , Sox2 was identified as an oncogene in many endodermal cancers, including colon cancer.

29 ipoprotein metabolic process, cell adhesion, endodermal cell differentiation, formation and developme

30 e conversion of human fibroblasts towards an endodermal cell fate by employing non-integrative episom

31 o an adjacent cell layer, where it specifies endodermal cell fate; it is also essential for apical me

32 plication along the cortical, epidermal, and endodermal cell files, suggested to be daughters, grandd

33 root tip of Arabidopsis, where it specifies endodermal cell identity and stem cell function, respect

34 pagation is channeled through the cortex and endodermal cell layers and this movement is dependent on

35 red mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with the endodermal cell line End2 by co-aggregation or End2-cond

36 ias the differentiation toward mesodermal or endodermal cell lineage.

37 Conversely, endodermal cell migration defects are dependent on a Cxc

38 am of Nodal signaling and indirectly affects endodermal cell migration via Cxcr4a-signaling.

39 ivities of spatially and temporally distinct endodermal cell populations in the early mouse embryo re

40 Detailed characterization of ES cell-derived endodermal cell types by gene expression analysis in vit

41 In order to provide such functionality the endodermal cell wall has specific chemical modifications

42 onal network, hypermethylation of pancreatic endodermal cell-fate determining genes and have a poor p

43 ers and determined the number of cortex, not endodermal, cell layers formed in the root.

44 anning the apoplastic space between adjacent endodermal cells [6, 7].

45 rane movement of apoplastic solutes into the endodermal cells [7, 8].

46 mation in which, upon N-cadherin expression, endodermal cells actively migrate away from their epibla

47 Cdx2-negative endodermal cells also fail to express Sox2, a marker of

48 the middle of anticlinal cell walls between endodermal cells and fill the gap between them [4-6].

49 ellae are glycerolipid polymers covering the endodermal cells and likely function as a barrier to lim

50 sis was associated with dedifferentiation of endodermal cells as documented by a decrease in key tran

51 lizes to the outer plasma membrane domain in endodermal cells but localizes to different domains in o

52 When SGPs are absent, we show that endodermal cells can inappropriately engulf and cannibal

53 Reducing Rac1 activity in endodermal cells caused them to bypass the random migrat

54 d, conversely, that the presence of anterior endodermal cells defective for S1pr2 or Galpha(13) in wi

55 e GA-regulated rate of expansion of dividing endodermal cells dictates the equivalent rate in other r

56 How endodermal cells differentiate into distinct cell types

57 ive feedback loop stimulated in a select few endodermal cells early during lateral root development,

58 Here, we show that endodermal cells efficiently promote the emergence of me

59 n gene expression, Nodal and Activin-derived endodermal cells exhibit a distinct difference in functi

60 Instead, the endodermal cells exhibit cell-autonomous expression of g

61 During gut development, endodermal cells express Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is

62 Because of inherent difficulties in deriving endodermal cells from undifferentiated cell cultures, ap

63 Here, we show that the suberization of endodermal cells in barley (Hordeum vulgare) roots is al

64 eals that the presence of wild-type anterior endodermal cells in Galpha(13)-deficient embryos is suff

65 strip, a diffusion barrier deposited between endodermal cells in plant roots.

66 we show that TAEL is able to induce ectopic endodermal cells in the presumptive ectoderm via targete

67 itis elegans shows that during embryogenesis endodermal cells interact with and regulate primordial g

68 evealed that the ectopic suberization at the endodermal cells limits Ca transport through the transme

69 Based on our in-vivo observation that early endodermal cells maintain contact with nascent pre-cardi

70 ion of the ventral pancreas, differentiating endodermal cells need to be protected from exposure to B

71 Endodermal cells normally engulf and degrade large lobes

72 arly complete transcriptional convergence of endodermal cells of extra-embryonic and embryonic origin

73 fully differentiated, highly specialized non-endodermal cells of the pharynx into fully differentiate

74 labeled GAs specifically accumulated in the endodermal cells of the root elongation zone.

75 These data provide in vivo evidence that endodermal cells outside the liver-forming region retain

76 trongly, specifically and transiently in the endodermal cells overlying early lateral root primordia

77 In contrast, aggregated endodermal cells persistently lose epithelial features.

78 maging and functional analyses revealed that endodermal cells reach their characteristic innermost po

79 We find that endodermal cells secrete a collagen, Col9-a1, that is de

80 During zebrafish gastrulation, endodermal cells sequentially exhibit first random, nonp

81 accumulation and ERF115 expression grant the endodermal cells stem cell activity.

82 roots is protected by a hydrophobic ring of endodermal cells that are enclosed by lamellae of suberi

83 This in turn grants the endodermal cells the capacity to undergo periclinal cell

84 The molecular program that instructs endodermal cells to adopt the respiratory fate is not fu

85 ate mesoderm, signals through Alk8 to induce endodermal cells to become liver.

86 ignaling regulates the ability of individual endodermal cells to differentiate into beta-cells.

87 parian strips span the cell wall of adjacent endodermal cells to form a tight junction that blocks ex

88 d pharyngeal mesoderm, as well as pharyngeal endodermal cells underlying the second heart field.

89 Endodermal cells utilize proteins linked to endocytosis

90 Importantly, inhibiting Bmp signaling within endodermal cells via genetic means increased the number

91 Moreover, expressing gai in dividing endodermal cells was sufficient to block root meristem e

92 ansion of more than a million-fold for human endodermal cells with full retention of their developmen

93 Si was localized in the cell walls of the endodermal cells with little apparent effect of the Lsi2

94 Fbeta reduced the proliferation of wild-type endodermal cells within the explants as assessed by BrdU

95 cing was completely restricted to the QC and endodermal cells within which the dsRNA transgenes were

96 themselves and produce the vascular tissue, endodermal cells, and cortical cells.

97 ed Casparian strips, ectopic suberization of endodermal cells, and low accumulation of shoot calcium

98 he transmembrane pathway through unsuberized endodermal cells, rather than the sites of lateral root

99 The epithelium derived from endodermal cells, which surrounds the auditory tube and

100 ns PGCs internalize by attaching to internal endodermal cells, which undergo morphogenetic movements

101 ting gene expression in the adjacent CEI and endodermal cells.

102 step along the way: PGCs get cut in half by endodermal cells.

103 me-lapse imaging in zebrafish to identify an endodermal contribution to the ADH.

104 ound that defects in S1pr2/Galpha13-mediated endodermal convergence affected all three modes of myoca

105 dissolution between cells in the overlaying endodermal, cortical, and epidermal tissues.

106 the parental root and have to emerge through endodermal, cortical, and epidermal tissues.

107 erm convergence during segmentation, and the endodermal defects correlate with the extent of cardia b

108 emarkably, genetic loss of Tfeb also yielded endodermal defects, while AMPK-null ESCs overexpressing

109 that heart development appeared normal after endodermal deletion of Nkx2.5 whereas mesodermal deletio

110 ty and the patterning of both ectodermal and endodermal derivatives along the primary body axis.

111 In endodermal-derived tissue-specific stem or progenitor ce

112 ation and offer a potentially safe source of endodermal-derived tissues for transplantation therapies

113 olesterol homeostasis and cell plasticity in endodermal-derived tissues.

114 ple pathways regulate the complex process of endodermal development, including the Bone morphogenetic

115 indicator, the presence of free Cu increased endodermal development, while amendments prevented this

116 y by influencing both membrane integrity and endodermal development.

117 at these sites as a biomarker when assessing endodermal differentiation capacity as a readout.

118 non-CG methylation that correctly identifies endodermal differentiation capacity in 23 out of 25 (92%

119 3%, P<9.1 x 10(-6)) and correctly identifies endodermal differentiation capacity in nine out of ten p

120 We characterized a regulatory mechanism of endodermal differentiation driven by the microbiota with

121 Transcripts for parietal endodermal differentiation markers, including laminin, J

122 n of the key lineage regulator, Eomes during endodermal differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells.

123 AD2,3 signaling pathways synergize to induce endodermal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells

124 Wnt/beta-catenin transcription and promotes endodermal differentiation.

125 ranscriptional network of core regulators of endodermal differentiation.

126 induction but dispensable for mesodermal or endodermal differentiation.

127 ptional networks underlying Arabidopsis root endodermal differentiation.

128 Paediatric solid tumours arise from endodermal, ectodermal, or mesodermal lineages.

129 sion, and increased interactions between the endodermal enhancer and IGF2 promoter.

130 at transcriptionally active genes, i.e. the endodermal enhancers contact the maternal H19 and the pa

131 ly pure endodermal populations revealed that endodermal enhancers existed in a surprising diversity o

132 rescue experiments further demonstrate that endodermal Eph-ephrin signaling promotes pouch integrity

133 duced the expression of genes found in other endodermal epithelia but not normally associated with th

134 sion of Shh in the cloaca and cloaca-derived endodermal epithelia.

135 s in the area vasculosa follow the migrating endodermal epithelial cell (EEC) layer in the area vitel

136 quirements of Wnt signaling in two phases of endodermal epithelial transitions.

137 stive tract requires interactions between an endodermal epithelium and mesenchymal cells derived from

138 we dissect the distinct roles of YAP/TAZ in endodermal epithelium and mesenchyme and find that, alth

139 Initially, Wnt11r and Rac1 destabilize the endodermal epithelium to promote the lateral movement of

140 s have covered the prospective tooth-forming endodermal epithelium.

141 germ cells (PGCs), which migrate through the endodermal epithelium.

142 embryoid bodies (EBs) or into extraembryonic endodermal (ExE) cells as a model for cellular different

143 ramatic reduction of mesoderm accompanied by endodermal expansion in zebrafish embryos.

144 Endodermal explants from conditional TGFbeta receptor II

145 udding by TGFbeta was partially abrogated in endodermal explants from Smad3(-/-) or conditional endod

146 the Hh signaling components ptc1 and smo in endodermal explants, indicating a possible molecular mec

147 ing, which inhibited Nkx2.1 in cultured lung endodermal explants.

148 ver, given the considerable overlap in their endodermal expression domains, a functional redundancy b

149 at Nkx2.5 in the mesoderm is essential while endodermal expression is dispensable for early heart for

150 Taken together with our finding that endodermal expression of cyp26 genes is subject to posit

151 nesis; later, increased wnt activity altered endodermal fate by enhancing liver growth at the expense

152 be prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a regulator of endodermal fate specification during development.

153 ion is further required for consolidation of endodermal fate via upregulation of Sox17, highlighting

154 -beta converted all or nearly all cells into endodermal fates expressing gut-specific esterase.

155 while others diverge to alternative non-lung endodermal fates.

156 ning pancreas identity by regulating foregut endodermal fates.

157 of Fgfr2 results in two distinct phenotypes: endodermal Fgfr2 deletion causes mild hypospadias and in

158 ive positions in a process largely driven by endodermal folding and other large-scale tissue deformat

159 tionally, we show that the broadly expressed endodermal forkhead factors Foxa1 and Foxa2 can cooperat

160 We demonstrate that genes controlling endodermal function in the model plant Arabidopsis thali

161 interchangeable and interact with different endodermal GATA factors with only modest differences in

162 Targeted repression of endodermal GATAa function disrupts endoderm morphogenesi

163 s in veg2-derived cells and extinguishes the endodermal gene regulatory network in mesodermal precurs

164 ic movements and differentiation events, the endodermal germ layer gives rise to the epithelial linin

165 The lung epithelium is derived from the endodermal germ layer, which undergoes a complex series

166 yonic specification: the broad activation of endodermal GRNs, the regional specification of the immed

167 rmal ABCC (MRP) transporter is necessary for endodermal gut morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos.

168 ed to actively migrate away from the forming endodermal gut tube, and subsequently underwent characte

169 e embryonic liver, Gata4 is expressed in the endodermal hepatic bud and in the adjacent mesenchyme of

170 absence of Hh signaling, we postulated that endodermal Hh restrains mesenchymal Notch pathway activi

171 e those reported for mutations in labial, an endodermal homeotic gene required for copper cell specif

172 in embryonic progenitor cell lines and early endodermal hPS cell derivatives.

173 appropriate ECM could itself induce anterior endodermal identity in the absence of PI3K signalling.

174 that Fn1 dose was key to specifying anterior endodermal identity in vivo and in vitro.

175 ls and repressed Cdx2, a master regulator of endodermal identity.

176 This occurs because the endodermal induction step allows for more efficient and

177 red to when HGF is absent (14.2%) during the endodermal induction step.

178 ntiation protocols (embryoid body formation, endodermal induction, directed differentiation) commonly

179 oised enhancer state predicts the ability of endodermal intermediates to respond to inductive signals

180 tube has been described as forming from two endodermal invaginations-the anterior intestinal portal

181 oplasts within the vascular cylinder; and an endodermal layer impregnated with hydrophobic substances

182 r1;Zmscr1h mutants fail to form an organized endodermal layer in the root.

183 thelial transition to insert into the outer, endodermal layer of the embryo.

184 PM(1), if present, was always detected in endodermal layers and had the same dominant color (i.e.,

185 450 7A1 (Cyp7A1), demonstrating a definitive endodermal lineage differentiation.

186 rs signifies developmental competence during endodermal lineage diversification.

187 onstrate the efficient generation of hepatic endodermal lineage from human iPSCs that exhibits key at

188 and in hESCs differentiated into definitive endodermal lineage.

189 n polymerization biased cells toward various endodermal lineages and that conditions favoring a polym

190 Thus far, derivation of endodermal lineages has focused predominantly on hepatoc

191 whether iPS cells could generate autologous endodermal lineages in vitro.

192 nd behaviors that distinguish ectodermal and endodermal lineages to drive sorting have not been fully

193 derived EP cells differentiate into numerous endodermal lineages, including monohormonal glucose-resp

194 s with no impact on liver progenitors, other endodermal lineages, or vasculature.

195 CL in hESCs promoted differentiation to meso-endodermal lineages, the emergence of haematopoietic and

196 pecific to the interstitial, ectodermal, and endodermal lineages, we found that the targeting of tran

197 with impaired differentiation capacity into endodermal lineages.

198 le to differentiate along the mesodermal and endodermal lineages.

199 types, including hematopoietic, cardiac, and endodermal lineages.

200 opulation segregated into the mesodermal and endodermal lineages.

201 The endodermal lining of the adult gastro-intestinal tract h

202 A and Wnt3a, elevates the expression of the endodermal marker Foxa2 (forkhead box a2) by 39.3% compa

203 Finally, in differentiating human ES cells, endodermal markers were more efficiently induced by Noda

204 gulating this pathway restored expression of endodermal markers.

205 responses, pointing to a pivotal role of the endodermal membrane in nutrient homeostasis.

206 earlier and orchestrated development of the endodermal, mesodermal, and neural crest tissues.

207 of morphogenetic events involving reciprocal endodermal-mesodermal interactions.

208 to a specialized transition zone between the endodermal midgut and ectodermal hindgut that shares mol

209 e Drosophila intestinal tract, including the endodermal midgut and ectodermal hindgut/Malpighian tubu

210 nd migration behavior, which are crucial for endodermal morphogenesis and cell fate decisions.

211 ecent studies of the cell behaviours driving endodermal morphogenesis have revealed a surprising numb

212 by which TGFbeta inhibits FGF10-induced lung endodermal morphogenesis may entail both inhibition of c

213 data uncover a novel mechanism through which endodermal-myocardial communication can guide the cell m

214 However, the molecular underpinnings of this endodermal-myocardial relationship remain unclear.

215 f the lung epithelium derive from embryonic, endodermal, NK2 homeobox 1-expressing (NKX2-1+) precurso

216 wo forward genetic screens for regulators of endodermal organ development.

217 alpha) is a transcription factor involved in endodermal organogenesis and pancreatic precursor cell d

218 l repressor Histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) in endodermal organogenesis in zebrafish.

219 ing gene expression programmes in vertebrate endodermal organogenesis.

220 is crucial for regulating distinct steps in endodermal organogenesis.

221 or injury-induced epithelial regeneration in endodermal organs, and may provide a basis for understan

222 mportant functions in several mesodermal and endodermal organs, including heart, liver and pancreas.

223 nce between the structure and homeostasis of endodermal organs, with Sox9 expression being linked to

224 the nervous system, chordamesoderm, limb and endodermal organs.

225 would, resulting in bilateral duplication of endodermal organs.

226 all three germ layers, including tissues of endodermal origin (i.e., liver).

227 Many tumors of endodermal origin are composed of highly secretory cance

228 neurenteric cysts are rare cystic masses of endodermal origin lined with mucin producing low columna

229 rprisingly, the lineage map also revealed an endodermal origin of the perineum, which is the first de

230 ved, but endoderm-derived, like PNECs, whose endodermal origin we confirm.

231 GRP-LE in the midgut, the central section of endodermal origin where PGRP-LE is enriched.

232 cific patterns of remodelling (ectodermal or endodermal origin).

233 In bladder, another organ of endodermal origin, we find that despite its initial pres

234 igh frequency of Kras mutations in tumors of endodermal origin.

235 ed against many carcinomas of ectodermal and endodermal origin; however, sarcomas, arising from mesod

236 ted with other cancer types of epithelial or endodermal origins such as lung cancer, head and neck ca

237 med biphasic consequences of wnt activation: endodermal pattern formation and gene expression require

238 e Ptf1a(EDD) rapidly expanded the endogenous endodermal Pdx1-positive domain and recruited other panc

239 his loss of lignification leads to increased endodermal permeability and, consequently, to a loss of

240 knocking down her5 recapitulates some of the endodermal phenotypes of shiri mutants, further revealin

241 t is involved in the influx of Cd across the endodermal plasma membrane and thus may play a key role

242 of the first (primitive or extra-embryonic) endodermal population and its sister pluripotent (embryo

243 ptional and chromatin mapping of highly pure endodermal populations revealed that endodermal enhancer

244 dermal potential and possible ectodermal and endodermal potentials also, the ASC could conceivably be

245 ogenesis starts only after the corresponding endodermal pouch (pouch 6) has made contact with the ski

246 death within the pharyngeal arches, aberrant endodermal pouch morphogenesis, and hypoplastic cranial

247 st fish, gill slits arise through opening of endodermal pouches and connect the pharynx to the exteri

248 opharyngeal cavity via the mouth and via the endodermal pouches and connect to periderm-like cells th

249 The endodermal pouches are a series of reiterated structures

250 wing two origins: delayed differentiation of endodermal precursors and transdifferentiation of parath

251 PC+ alveolar progenitors as they emerge from endodermal precursors in response to stimulation of Wnt

252 ulation begins with the migration of the two endodermal precursors, Ea and Ep, from the surface of th

253 Gastrulation movements place endodermal precursors, mesodermal precursors and primord

254 cify these cells efficiently from definitive endodermal precursors.

255 s and parathyroid glands arise from a shared endodermal primordium in the third pharyngeal pouch (3rd

256 n in mouse embryonic stem cells and involved endodermal production of fibronectin.

257 To address these issues, we established endodermal progenitor (EP) cell lines from human embryon

258 On initial culture, converted definitive endodermal progenitor cells (cDE cells) are specified in

259 cPF cells and their derivatives, pancreatic endodermal progenitor cells (cPE cells), can be greatly

260 Here we describe derivation of human induced endodermal progenitor cells (hiEndoPCs) from gastrointes

261 eurog3 (Neurogenin3 or Ngn3) actively drives endodermal progenitor cells towards endocrine islet cell

262 Key endodermal progenitors can be derived from patients and

263 Furthermore, KrasV12-expressing endodermal progenitors fail to differentiate upon RA tre

264 third pharyngeal pouch primordia containing endodermal progenitors of both thymus and parathyroid gl

265 transcription factor expressed by embryonic endodermal progenitors that form the lining of the gastr

266 astic and in serum-free medium, tailored for endodermal progenitors, remaining phenotypically stable

267 tem (iPS) cells into beta-like-cells through endodermal progenitors, we have shown that gut endocrine

268 nt stem cell that gives rise to cortical and endodermal progenitors.

269 The liver and pancreas arise from common endodermal progenitors.

270 cation in zebrafish embryos as well as mouse endodermal progenitors.

271 to Fgfr2(cnull) mutation) early respiratory endodermal progenitors.

272 The consequences of disrupted mesodermal and endodermal RA signaling were restricted to the 4th and 6

273 d that as embryos develop, the extent of the endodermal region retaining hepatic competence is gradua

274 consists of the cis-regulatory apparatus of endodermal regulatory genes, which determine the relatio

275 lated by the medio-lateral patterning of the endodermal sheet, a process controlled by Bmp2b.

276 bel-tracking experiments suggest that active endodermal shortening around the AIP accounts for most o

277 At the same time, loss of endodermal Sin3a also disrupted cell differentiation of

278 rmal explants from Smad3(-/-) or conditional endodermal-specific Smad4(Delta/Delta) embryonic lungs.

279 long with examination of mutants affected in endodermal specification, indicate that GA accumulation

280 , impacting hepatic differentiation, but not endodermal specification: loss of cannabinoid receptor 1

281 , provides robust evidence for expression of endodermal stem cell traits.

282 tes transcriptional program specifying early endodermal stem cells.

283 Endodermal stem/progenitor cells have diverse potential

284 edium (KM), a serum-free medium designed for endodermal stem/progenitor cells.

285 ere found to be incorporated into definitive endodermal structures, such as stomach and intestine.

286 Barberon et al. demonstrate that endodermal suberization plasticity facilitates ion homeo

287 ing cell movement and the activation of some endodermal target genes.

288 However, endodermal tissue along the secondary axis originated fr

289 The endodermal tissue layer is found in the roots of vascula

290 n we demonstrate that PGCs take advantage of endodermal tissue remodeling to gain access to the gonad

291 The development of the gut from endodermal tissue to an organ with multiple distinct str

292 class of tumors composed of ecto-, meso- and endodermal tissues, all foreign to the site of origin.

293 on of otherwise inaccessible progenitors for endodermal tissues.

294 contributed in a region-specific fashion to endodermal tissues.

295 They express endodermal transcription factors (e.g., Sox9, SOX17, FOX

296 NT-beta-catenin signaling is required in the endodermal urethra to activate and maintain Fgf8 express

297 ally derived mesenchyme and extension of the endodermal urethra within an ectodermal epithelial capsu

298 utant showed stronger As accumulation in the endodermal vacuoles, where the Lsi2 transporter is locat

299 The mesenchymal Tbx4 expression relies on endodermal Wnt activation and Wnt ligand secretion but i

300 A detailed examination showed that endodermal Wnt5 functions as a short-range signal that a