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1 form a complex required for efficient virus envelopment.
2 viral replication at the stage of secondary envelopment.
3 ese compartments unable to support secondary envelopment.
4 viral matrix and envelope proteins to drive envelopment.
5 packaging prior to pleomorphic tegumentation/envelopment.
6 these changes occur independently of capsid envelopment.
7 tein in the late stages of assembly, such as envelopment.
8 prior to UL11 protein in virion cytoplasmic envelopment.
9 irion egress, possibly at the stage of final envelopment.
10 replication, cell-cell spread, and secondary envelopment.
11 and its main role appears to be in secondary envelopment.
12 viral envelope proteins at the site of final envelopment.
13 erted to 58 kDa at some stage prior to final envelopment.
14 incorporated into the virion until secondary envelopment.
15 nt fashion, are essential for this secondary envelopment.
16 was sufficient for transport to the site of envelopment.
17 apsids to cellular organelles and subsequent envelopment.
18 that is presumably the site of intracellular envelopment.
19 volved in contact with core particles during envelopment.
20 s and was shown recently to be essential for envelopment.
21 there is profound inhibition of cytoplasmic envelopment.
22 ntifying the TGN as a possible site of virus envelopment.
23 gE, and gI exhibited more severe defects in envelopment.
24 ixed to produce configurations of incomplete envelopment.
25 e for VP22 during tegumentation and/or final envelopment.
26 nd further support the TGN as a site of HCMV envelopment.
27 argeting of the protein to the site of virus envelopment.
28 in I (gI) is required within the TGN for VZV envelopment.
29 rently immobilized in intermediate stages of envelopment.
30 roles of five viral proteins in cytoplasmic envelopment.
31 bind one another and promote virion membrane envelopment.
32 may serve as scaffolds for tegumentation and envelopment.
33 r egress complex localization, and capsid de-envelopment.
34 for cVAC biogenesis and efficient secondary envelopment.
35 rotein UL20, facilitating cytoplasmic virion envelopment.
36 ation may precede the events of UL36p-driven envelopment.
37 ified that allow NC maturation but block its envelopment.
38 , including an essential role in cytoplasmic envelopment.
39 tural proteins and is a major site of capsid envelopment.
40 , but not to the cytoplasmic sites of virion envelopment.
41 urs prior to the function of UL36p in capsid envelopment.
42 ed the effects of NFV on capsid assembly and envelopment.
43 s also been implicated in cytoplasmic virion envelopment.
44 ein complex to facilitate cytoplasmic virion envelopment.
45 e UL20 protein, play crucial roles in virion envelopment.
46 o function in nuclear egress and cytoplasmic envelopment.
47 gK and UL20 to facilitate cytoplasmic virion envelopment.
48 ent protein to facilitate cytoplasmic virion envelopment.
49 ous virion production and cytoplasmic virion envelopment.
50 e UL20 protein (UL20p) in cytoplasmic virion envelopment, a cadre of mutant viruses was constructed a
51 ed that some viral particles after secondary envelopment accumulated in a heterogeneous population of
52 the gE CT domain was important for secondary envelopment, although more C-terminal residues also cont
53 n the cytoplasm that had undergone secondary envelopment and a reduction in the amount of viral parti
54 huge excess over the amount needed for viral envelopment and are secreted as a heterogeneous mixture
55 erminus of pp28 have additional roles in the envelopment and assembly of the virion other than simply
56 1) capsids leave the nucleus by a process of envelopment and de-envelopment at the nuclear envelope (
61 ed that the p37 protein is involved in viral envelopment and egress, and suggested that attachment of
62 ll viruses are blocked in cytoplasmic virion envelopment and egress, as indicated by an accumulation
63 is thought to be important for nucleocapsid envelopment and egress, the actual function of this prot
67 ral DNA synthesis is absolutely required for envelopment and export, and a strong further bias exists
68 uring virion secretion beyond initial capsid envelopment and highlight the critical role of the capsi
69 or localization to the site of intracellular envelopment and incorporation into the envelope of relea
76 t in addition to their roles in nucleocapsid envelopment and lamina alteration, U(L)31 and U(L)34 pla
77 its antiviral action at a point before viral envelopment and may prevent the proper encapsidation of
78 Here we review molecular determinants for envelopment and models that postulate molecular signals
79 terminus substantially enhanced cytoplasmic envelopment and overall production of infectious virions
80 the efficient coordination of Core particle envelopment and postenvelopment events at the DRM to gen
84 port to the view that the virus undergoes de-envelopment and reenvelopment steps during virus egress.
89 ion, resulting in impairment of HBV virions' envelopment and secretion, but it was not critical for H
93 e viral factory to the site of intracellular envelopment and that expression of the viral A27 protein
94 x serves crucial roles in cytoplasmic virion envelopment and that it interacts with the UL37 tegument
95 nfectious virus was secondary to a defect in envelopment and the accumulation of tegumented, noninfec
96 31 phosphorylation modulate both the primary envelopment and the subsequent fusion of the nascent vir
98 different assembly stages during cytoplasmic envelopment and to determine that envelopment occurs by
99 to be transported to the TGN sites of virus envelopment and to function in virion envelopment, since
100 formation, indicating that core functions in envelopment and uncoating/nuclear delivery of RC DNA wer
101 lone or in a redundant manner in cytoplasmic envelopment and virion egress, confirming previous findi
104 rus type 1 (HSV-1) have shown that secondary envelopment and virus release are blocked in mutants del
106 l portion that promote aberrant nucleocapsid envelopment and/or membrane fusion between different vir
107 f VP1, VP2 late domains involved in membrane envelopment, and a cis-acting replication element within
110 indicate that gK is involved in nucleocapsid envelopment, and more importantly in the translocation o
111 lar IDE, gE targeting to TGN sites of virion envelopment, and phosphorylation at SSTT are dispensable
114 ls demonstrated capsid assembly, cytoplasmic envelopment, and the formation of extracellular envelope
116 expression, capsid assembly and cytoplasmic envelopment, and transcellular transmission in different
117 ltered DNA synthesis also display defects in envelopment, and we provide quantitative estimates of th
118 s suggest that HSV gB functions in secondary envelopment, apparently acting downstream of gE/gI.
121 disassociation between capsid formation and envelopment as an explanation for the invariably low VZV
122 ls demonstrated a marked defect in secondary envelopment at cytoplasmic membranes, resulting in very
127 cles lacking DNA from exiting the nucleus by envelopment at the inner lamella of the nuclear membrane
129 mograms of capsids attached to or undergoing envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane (INM), capsids
130 ex DNA viruses whose capsids undergo primary envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane and secondary
133 e nucleus by a process of envelopment and de-envelopment at the nuclear envelope (NE) that is accompa
135 ant particles can participate in the initial envelopment at the nuclear membrane, although this proce
137 oprotein K (gK) are required for cytoplasmic envelopment at the TGN and virion transport from the TGN
139 s 1 (HSV-1) UL37 protein functions in virion envelopment at trans-Golgi membranes, as well as in retr
142 ating cells can partially compensate for the envelopment but not for the cellular egress deficiency o
144 ar assembly, nuclear egress, and cytoplasmic envelopment, but target incoming capsids to the nuclear
145 ted a "bridging" function during cytoplasmic envelopment, but this conjecture has not been tested.
146 number of distinct steps, including primary envelopment by budding into the perinuclear space, de-en
148 Mature NCs have two alternative fates: (i) envelopment by viral envelope proteins, leading to secre
149 tomegalovirus (HCMV) assembly, specifically, envelopment, by investigating the intracellular traffick
151 hether gB might also contribute to secondary envelopment, collaborating with gD and gE/gI, is also no
153 paired assembly of VZV capsids after primary envelopment/de-envelopment but before secondary reenvelo
156 nt in differentiated neuronal cells, and the envelopment deficiency caused by ORF7 deletion results i
160 anelles around the compartments of secondary envelopment during transition from early to late gene ex
162 n and includes domains involved in secondary envelopment, efficient cell-cell spread, and skin infect
163 aused the most severe defects in cytoplasmic envelopment, egress, and infectious virus production, fo
164 glycoprotein K (gK) that functions in virion envelopment, egress, and virus-induced cell fusion.
167 p in virus-induced cell fusion and virion de-envelopment from perinuclear spaces as well as to compar
168 virus plays a critical role in the secondary envelopment; however, the mechanistic details remain elu
169 These data suggest that, following particle envelopment, HSV-1 egress follows a pre-existing cellula
170 mic (CT) domain of gE required for secondary envelopment, HSVs lacking gD and expressing truncated gE
171 nd that ORF7 is required for VZV cytoplasmic envelopment in differentiated neuronal cells, and the en
172 ry different mechanisms of tegumentation and envelopment in extracellular compared with perinuclear v
176 ted by NFV, whereas later steps (e.g., final envelopment in the cytoplasm and release of infectious v
178 NA to form nucleocapsids, and concludes with envelopment in the cytoplasm to form infectious virions
183 protein K (gK) also functions in cytoplasmic envelopment, in a protein complex with the membrane-asso
184 S4-EQ was used to arrest HSV-1 or PRV capsid envelopment, inhibit downstream trafficking, and GFP-lab
186 ins that concentrate Ub cargo prior to their envelopment into ILVs, and the activity of Cos proteins
187 achinery cause glycoprotein accumulation and envelopment into specific TGN compartments that are sort
188 hesized that the gE CT domain promotes virus envelopment into TGN subdomains from which nascent envel
189 nt by budding into the perinuclear space, de-envelopment into the cytoplasm, cytoplasmic reenvelopmen
191 ed into the cytoplasm then undergo secondary envelopment, involving trans-Golgi network (TGN) membran
194 of progeny herpesvirus capsids where capsid envelopment is mediated by two viral proteins, forming t
195 mmers and Mason proposed in 1982 that virion envelopment is somehow linked to the state of genomic ma
197 e VZV exocytosis pathway following secondary envelopment may converge with the autophagy pathway.
198 rotein localization, single-step growth, and envelopment morphology in both HEp-2 and Vero cells.
201 ytoplasmic envelopment and to determine that envelopment occurs by particle budding rather than wrapp
202 of Rab5B-depleted cells, suggesting that HBV envelopment occurs not only in the MVB but also in the E
205 deficits in gene expression, proliferation, envelopment of amyloid plaques, and uptake of amyloid-be
206 ior untreated infections, however, secondary envelopment of capsids was not seen in the trans-Golgi n
211 microvascular plasticity involving the rapid envelopment of emboli by endothelial membrane projection
213 pre-S1 critical for HBV assembly allowed the envelopment of HDV and had no effect on infectivity in p
216 suggested that a key function of pp28 in the envelopment of infectious HCMV is expressed after the pr
219 rrent work describes a phenomenon of partial envelopment of neurons by reactive microglia in the cont
220 ened electrostatic interaction underlies the envelopment of NPs by lipids that are attracted from SLB
221 rpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is required for envelopment of nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membra
222 ells, where both play important roles in the envelopment of nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membra
223 lear membrane and are required for efficient envelopment of nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membra
224 ate times and (ii) PRV gE/gI participates in envelopment of nucleocapsids into cytoplasmic membrane v
225 observations that gE/gI participates in the envelopment of nucleocapsids into cytoplasmic vesicles a
227 l sheet expansion involves actin-independent envelopment of peripheral chromatin by large ER sheets t
228 ation.IMPORTANCE The secondary intracellular envelopment of poxviruses at the trans-Golgi network to
229 ) US3 kinase is likely important for primary envelopment of progeny nucleocapsids since it localizes
230 clear membrane and is required for efficient envelopment of progeny virions at the nuclear envelope,
234 proposed for alphaherpesviruses and involve envelopment of tegumented subviral particles at the nucl
237 s 1 (HSV-1) UL20 plays a crucial role in the envelopment of the cytoplasmic virion and its egress.
239 ts viral replication and is required for the envelopment of the HDV genomic RNA by hepatitis B virus
242 conclude that pp28 is required for the final envelopment of the human cytomegalovirus virion in the c
244 ugh a shared feature of DNA ligases is their envelopment of the nicked duplex as a C-shaped protein c
246 pp28 must accumulate in the AC for efficient envelopment of the particle and provide evidence for a d
247 normal function by overexpression impairs de-envelopment of the primary virions leading to their accu
249 virions, VP16 was acquired prior to primary envelopment of the virus at the inner nuclear membrane.
253 nvolved in virion production after secondary envelopment of viral capsids, the encapsidation of HCMV
255 n whereby it disrupted the site of secondary envelopment of VZV capsids by altering the pH of the tra
256 viral genes but clearly impacted cytoplasmic envelopment of VZV capsids, resulting in a dramatic incr
257 dicate that ORF7 is required for cytoplasmic envelopment of VZV capsids, virus transmission among neu
259 changes in hematocrit we show that a close "envelopment" of the leukocyte by the red blood cells is
262 long the axon, eventually encountering their envelopment organelles at a distal site, such as the ner
263 upported the conclusion that the endocytosis-envelopment pathway is an essential component of the VZV
265 ce of either one of these HSV glycoproteins, envelopment proceeds; however, without both gD and gE, o
267 onal information required for the budding or envelopment process proposed to occur at cytoplasmic com
272 ependently or synergistically in cytoplasmic envelopment, recombinant viruses having either the UL20
274 reduced virus yield, and defective secondary envelopment, similar to the phenotype previously shown f
275 virus envelopment and to function in virion envelopment, since mutants lacking UL37 accumulate capsi
276 Proteins UL31 and UL34, markers of potential envelopment sites at the INM and perinuclear virions, lo
277 mina potentially excludes nucleocapsids from envelopment sites at the inner nuclear membrane, the lam
280 rate that organelles utilized for HSV capsid envelopment still accumulate surface-bound capsids in th
281 US3 kinase affects the morphology of primary envelopment such that in its absence, UL34 protein-conta
283 rther investigate the role of UL37 in virion envelopment, the recombinant virus DC480 was constructed
284 esvirus proteins have been assigned roles in envelopment, there is a dearth of candidates for the acq
286 re complex, particle assembly, and secondary envelopment, through mechanisms that are still incomplet
287 protein appears to facilitate core particle envelopment, thus shortening the window of plus strand D
289 ces of U(L)34 that are necessary for primary envelopment to occur, a library of 19 U(L)34 charged clu
290 mitylated protein (p37) that is required for envelopment, translocation, and cell-to-cell spread of v
292 we demonstrate that blocking ESCRT-mediated envelopment using the dominant-negative inhibitor Vps4A-
298 be secreted extracellularly as virions after envelopment with the viral surface proteins or, alternat
299 age exposure, they gain phage protection via envelopment within curli-producing clusters of the resid