ライフサイエンスコーパス: epicardial

1 odies, 756 [12%] outflow tract, and 162 [3%] epicardial).

2 acoronary, intramyocardial, intravenous, and epicardial.

3 trated residual endocardial (3/11; 27.2%) or epicardial (8/11; 72.7%) connections.

4 al mitral isthmus blockade were the need for epicardial ablation from within the coronary sinus (P<0.

5 ocardial ablation only with minimal need for epicardial ablation from within the coronary sinus.

6 Patients were randomized 1:1 to additional epicardial ablation of the 4 major GPs and Marshall's li

7 be challenging and often requires additional epicardial ablation within the coronary sinus.

8 nstrated that the majority of patients after epicardial ablation, using bipolar radiofrequency instru

9 Epicardial ablations at 90 to 100 W produced mean lesion

10 ere performed at 140 to 180 W for 4 minutes; epicardial ablations via subxiphoid access were performe

11 Although the majority of epicardial abnormal electrograms are associated with tra

12 accuracy resulting in identification of all epicardial abnormal electrograms at sites with <1.0 mm f

13 LB to oral colchicine in patients undergoing epicardial access during ventricular tachycardia ablatio

14 57% of patients had previous ablation and epicardial access was employed in 59% of cases.

15 The epicardial access was performed in 57% of the patients.

16 hemic VT and depending on the presence of an epicardial access.

17 se patients, we observed abnormal and varied epicardial activation breakthrough locations and regions

18 a for mitral line block with endocardial and epicardial activation mapping.

19 isecond temporal resolution allowing precise epicardial activation of Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2).

20 Asynchronous endo-epicardial activation ranged between 0.9 and 55.9% witho

21 p transmurally, leading to an endocardial to epicardial activation rate gradient as LDVF progressed.

22 brafish heart regeneration, mediated through epicardial activation, migration and revascularization.

23 52 versus 42 ms; P=0.007) and prolonged mean epicardial activation-recovery intervals (a surrogate fo

24 The abundance of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with atria

25 Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with cardi

26 Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume (cm(3)) and atten

27 Clinical studies have reported that epicardial adipose tissue (EpAT) accumulation associates

28 Classic concepts about the role of epicardial adipose tissue (EpAT) in heart physiology inc

29 Although adiponectin is released from epicardial adipose tissue (EpAT), it is unclear whether

30 ncludes epicardial cells, differentiate into epicardial adipose tissue after myocardial infarction.

31 GF1R signaling as a key pathway that governs epicardial adipose tissue formation in the context of my

32 Epicardial adipose tissue located close to the atrial wa

33 ertheless, recent evidence has revealed that epicardial adipose tissue regulates multiple aspects of

34 Epicardial adipose tissue volume and coronary artery dis

35 d paracrine signaling pathways that regulate epicardial adipose tissue's formation and expansion are

36 A total of 8494 epicardial and 6331 endocardial voltage signals and 314

37 ed controlled CONVERGE trial (Convergence of Epicardial and Endocardial Ablation for the Treatment of

38 Langendorff-perfused hearts, the calculated epicardial and endocardial activation patterns showed go

39 ain difference (cTSD; the difference between epicardial and endocardial circumferential strain) in a

40 The novel noninvasive epicardial and endocardial electrophysiology system (NEE

41 ineteen patients with CC undergoing detailed epicardial and endocardial LV tachycardia mapping and ab

42 a surface atlas derived from manually drawn epicardial and endocardial surface contours.

43 Circumferential strain was measured at the epicardial and endocardial surfaces; their difference yi

44 Bipolar epicardial and endocardial voltages within scar were low

45 We validated many new pan-epicardial and epicardial markers by alternative express

46 mine toxicity, adrenoceptor-mediated damage, epicardial and microvascular coronary vasoconstriction a

47 ic ultrasound (DUS) transducer might restore epicardial and microvascular flow in acute ST-segment el

48 bble infusion (sonothrombolysis) can restore epicardial and microvascular flow in acute ST-segment el

49 [1615-3752] endocardial, 5049+/-2580 points epicardial) and identified an average of 2+/-1 DZ, which

50 h the interaction with multiple myocardial-, epicardial-, and neural crest-derived signals.

51 Furthermore, chronic ablation of CSAR by epicardial application of a selective afferent neurotoxi

52 In sham rats, acute CSAR activation by epicardial application of bradykinin (BK) increased hear

53 Chronic ablation of the CSAR by epicardial application of the afferent neurotoxin, RTX,

54 f the pericardium using a minimally invasive epicardial approach would mitigate the increase in LV en

55 and help choosing between an endocardial or epicardial approach.

56 inaccessible to conventional endocardial or epicardial approaches.

57 All subjects had an occluded major epicardial artery (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction

58 Although MBs can be found in any epicardial artery, most of them involve the left anterio

59 Endo-epicardial asynchrony may play a major role in the patho

60 nderlie EBW and that a slight degree of endo-epicardial asynchrony required for EBW to occur is alrea

61 To provide direct proof of endo-epicardial asynchrony, we performed simultaneous high-re

62 rrhythmogenic substrate and result from endo-epicardial asynchrony, which also occurs to some degree

63 We identified larger B-cell clusters in epicardial AT of human patients with coronary artery dis

64 Lymphoid clusters were examined in epicardial AT of humans with or without coronary artery

65 The elastrode array records epicardial atrial signals with comparable efficacy to cu

66 cutoff) predicted the presence and extent of epicardial bipolar scar (P<0.001).

67 as calculated from the distances between the epicardial border of the LV apex and the midpoint of a l

68 Epicardial breakthrough waves (EBW) during atrial fibril

69 In particular, epicardial bridging connections can result in prolonged

70 Epicardial bridging connections were distant from the li

71 block from slow conduction or conduction via epicardial bridging connections.

72 endocardial UV cutoff for identification of epicardial BV <1.50 mV was 3.9 mV (area under the curve,

73 ng-term outcomes of endocardial and adjuvant epicardial CA in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

74 diomyopathy and VT, endocardial and adjuvant epicardial CA is effective in achieving long-term VT fre

75 el neuromodulation therapy of stimulation of epicardial cardiac nerves passing along the posterior su

76 , is mediated by two phenotypically distinct epicardial cell subpopulations.

77 sis suggested the presence of at least three epicardial cell subsets defined by expression signatures

78 Unbalancing epicardial cell-cycle dynamics with chemical modulators

79 quantitative expression and localization of epicardial cell-specific proteins.

80 s allows long-term expansion of hPSC-derived epicardial cells (for at least 25 population doublings).

81 echanisms underlying the dissociation of pro-epicardial cells (PECs) from the pro-epicardium (PE) and

82 earts receiving either cardiomyocytes alone, epicardial cells alone or vehicle.

83 Cotransplantation of hESC-derived epicardial cells and cardiomyocytes doubled graft cardio

84 o nuclear shape maintenance and migration of epicardial cells and highlights the use of these cells f

85 es drove strong expression in ostensibly all epicardial cells and in coronary vascular endothelial ce

86 riate transgenic lines, dynamic behaviors of epicardial cells can be monitored by live imaging using

87 Functional human epicardial cells differentiated via this protocol may co

88 Understanding which mechanisms epicardial cells employ to establish a functional epicar

89 during embryogenesis, we show that Lb1-null epicardial cells exhibit in vivo and in vitro migratory

90 Transplanted epicardial cells formed persistent fibroblast grafts in

91 anscriptomic and cell morphology analyses of epicardial cells from epicardial-specific Wt1KO mice rev

92 s (hPSCs) differentiation into self-renewing epicardial cells in a completely defined, xeno-free syst

93 yoinjury-induced activation and migration of epicardial cells in heart explants were reduced in nrp1a

94 Epicardial cells markedly enhanced the contractility, my

95 matrices, procedures described here maintain epicardial cells on an intact cardiac surface, thereby b

96 g protocols for culturing isolated zebrafish epicardial cells on matrices, procedures described here

97 After myocardial infarction (MI), epicardial cells reactivate their embryonic program, pro

98 The ability of epicardial cells to enhance cardiac graft size and funct

99 , were demonstrated upon adding hPSC-derived epicardial cells to the system.

100 Bmp4 expression and the inability of mutant epicardial cells to transition into a mature squamous ph

101 Here, we found that adult human atrial epicardial cells were highly adipogenic through an epith

102 a step towards engineering subpopulations of epicardial cells with selective biological activities.

103 e Wt1(+) mesothelial lineage, which includes epicardial cells, differentiate into epicardial adipose

104 opulation of Ccr2 chemokine ligand-producing epicardial cells, suggesting that the epicardium may be

105 Radiofrequency ablation was used to create epicardial conduction delay after which CNTf and then si

106 MEHP exposure also slowed epicardial conduction velocity (35 versus 60 cm/s), whic

107 The presence of epicardial connections (ECs) between pulmonary veins (PV

108 that require intravascular, endocardial, or epicardial contact.

109 irculation in combination with nonobstructed epicardial coronary arteries is the prerequisite of norm

110 ded patients without evidence of obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease and healthy left vent

111 While our conventional framework of epicardial coronary artery disease is foundational in ca

112 the absence of known history for obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease, is associated with r

113 In the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease, patients with heart

114 exist in MFR in patients with HFpEF without epicardial coronary artery disease.

115 nary artery dissection (SCAD) occurs when an epicardial coronary artery is narrowed or occluded by an

116 clearer normal value, and is independent of epicardial coronary artery stenosis.

117 ow recognize ACS that occur without apparent epicardial coronary artery thrombus or stenosis.

118 es were observed irrespective of which major epicardial coronary artery was treated.

119 physiological assessment has focused on the epicardial coronary artery.

120 changes, and balanced ischemia from diffuse epicardial coronary atherosclerosis and microvascular dy

121 eloping from an atherosclerotic plaque in an epicardial coronary vessel is the cause of STEMI in the

122 ined to test microvascular function, whereas epicardial CR was tested by coronary dilation response t

123 , superficial revascularization is guided by epicardial Cxcl12-Cxcr4 signaling and intra-ventricular

124 These epicardial defects are consistent with incomplete develo

125 From these data, epicardial deformation during the cardiac cycle was quan

126 of nrp1a mutants were less vascularized, and epicardial-derived cell migration and re-expression of t

127 nalysis identified several clusters of adult epicardial-derived cells and revealed their specificatio

128 A subpopulation of human adult epicardial-derived cells expressing PDGFR (platelet-deri

129 Subsets of adult epicardial-derived cells, preprogrammed towards a specif

130 AM is an endogenous, epicardial-derived factor that drives reparative cardiac

131 f the embryonic epicardium, is essential for epicardial development and function.

132 Endocardial-epicardial dissociation and focal breakthroughs in human

133 We defined endocardial-epicardial dissociation as phase difference of >=20 ms b

134 AF recordings shows significant Endocardial-epicardial dissociation marked temporal heterogeneity, d

135 Endocardial-epicardial dissociation was seen in 50.3% of phase maps

136 Atrial epicardial electrical activity was reconstructed and org

137 %) and cutoff for identification of abnormal epicardial electrogram was 3.7 mV (area under the curve,

138 Eighty-six percent of abnormal epicardial electrograms had corresponding endocardial si

139 Computed tomography and high-density epicardial electrophysiological mapping of the anterior

140 Epicardial-endocardial distributions were as follows: tr

141 d to the development of a minimally invasive epicardial/endocardial ablation approach (Hybrid Converg

142 and 6331 endocardial voltage signals and 314 epicardial/endocardial matched pairs of points were anal

143 Systematic characterization of the LV epicardial/endocardial scar distribution and density in

144 ulprit artery and comprised 3 phases: first, epicardial endothelial functional assessment using intra

145 re, we analyse the transcriptomic profile of epicardial-enriched cells at different stages of develop

146 Patch-clamp studies revealed epicardial (EPI)-predominant prolongation of the action

147 brillation waves could be attributed to endo-epicardial excitation.

148 cT1 correlated with hepatic and epicardial fat (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively).

149 rgetics were similar between the T2D groups, epicardial fat (p = 0.04), hepatic triglyceride (p = 0.0

150 Such complex interactions as well as epicardial fat accumulation as a consequence of cardiac

151 ssociations were observed between increasing epicardial fat and AF.

152 ericardium is limited by penetration through epicardial fat and coronary anatomy.

153 atrial fibrillation (AF), the importance of epicardial fat compared with other adipose tissue depots

154 toff values are based on studies that lacked epicardial fat information.

155 myocardium and blood as opposed to lung and epicardial fat phantoms.

156 ore right ventricular dysfunction, increased epicardial fat thickness (10+/-2 versus 7+/-2 and 6+/-2

157 /-10 mm, and length 29+/-8 mm through median epicardial fat thickness of 1.2 mm.

158 Likewise, a 1-SD higher epicardial fat volume was associated with 2.2-fold highe

159 A 1-SD higher epicardial fat volume was associated with a 2.6-fold hig

160 ctopic fat deposition, including hepatic and epicardial fat, might contribute to increased atheroscle

161 expectedly more necrosis, inflammation, and epicardial fat, nerve, and vessel involvement.

162 ons demonstrated homogenous fibrosis without epicardial fat, nerve, or vessel involvement.

163 als, comparing AF risk for 1-SD increases in epicardial fat, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, an

164 ess the mechanisms and clinical relevance of epicardial fat.

165 ent implantation after restoration of normal epicardial flow by a minimalist immediate mechanical int

166 thway in proepicardial organ positioning and epicardial formation.

167 The mechanism for epicardial gene (re-)activation remains elusive.

168 suggesting SWI/SNF activity across the fetal epicardial gene programme.

169 harboring a transgenic reporter for the pan-epicardial gene tcf21.

170 d for covariables, midwall, endocardial, and epicardial GLS were significant predictors of fatal and

171 hazard ratios for midwall, endocardial, and epicardial GLS, while accounting for family cluster and

172 nd dichotomously defined by a hyperemic endo-epicardial gradient <1.0.

173 2 and 6+/-2 mm; P<0.0001), and greater total epicardial heart volume (945 mL [831-1105 mL] versus 797

174 In this study, we investigated epicardial heterogeneity and the functional diversity of

175 Collectively, these results suggest that epicardial Hippo signaling plays a key role in adaptive

176 There was no association between epicardial IC-nitroglycerin dilation and outcomes.

177 Epicardial illumination effectively terminated ventricul

178 electrode-tissue contact, but sensitivity of epicardial imaging was 92%.

179 patients had failed RFA attempts (including epicardial in 3).

180 n myocardial infarction, aiming at restoring epicardial infarct-related artery patency and achieving

181 ltaneous intraoperative mapping of endo- and epicardial lateral right atrium wall was performed in pa

182 on, VT was inducible in 75%, and endocardial/epicardial LAVA were present in 88%/75%.

183 nchronous activation of the atrial endo- and epicardial layer and transmurally propagating fibrillati

184 While NPs were mostly confined to epicardial layers, BODIPY was capable of penetrating int

185 premature failure and fractures with earlier epicardial leads led our unit to undertake transvenous p

186 ria were newly implanted leads, abandoned or epicardial leads, and dependence on a pacemaker with an

187 s of myocardial tissue were excised from the epicardial left ventricular free walls of adult Sprague-

188 mic cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and epicardial left ventricular lead).

189 er safely delivers contiguous endocardial or epicardial lesions without gaps in a single ablation.

190 CSAR inhibition by epicardial lidocaine decreased cardiac contractility to

191 Furthermore, we also found that epicardial lidocaine paradoxically decreased left ventri

192 Furthermore, we found that epicardial lidocaine paradoxically decreased LV end-dias

193 tion in peripheral vascular resistance since epicardial lidocaine significantly lowered peripheral (r

194 Following CSAR inhibition by epicardial lidocaine, blood pressure, HR, LVSP, dp/dt, L

195 en limited to ventricular defibrillation via epicardial light application.

196 erformed transcriptome analysis on dozens of epicardial lineage cells purified from zebrafish harbori

197 defines a new platform for the discovery of epicardial lineage markers, genetic tools, and mechanism

198 also determined that CFs in large are of the epicardial lineage.

199 Healthy swine underwent endocardial and epicardial linear ablation using a novel linear irrigate

200 picardial lines were longer than focal (n=8) epicardial lines (3.3+/-0.7 versus 2.1+/-0.9 cm; P<0.000

201 At gross pathology, linear (n=18) epicardial lines were longer than focal (n=8) epicardial

202 nary tree with color-coded FFR values at any epicardial location.

203 A total of 109 endocardial and 9 epicardial locations were paced in 9 pigs.

204 ween those of the idiopathic endocardial and epicardial LVOT VAs, and more similar to those of the id

205 ardial LVOT VAs than those of the idiopathic epicardial LVOT VAs.

206 High-resolution epicardial mapping (192 unipolar electrodes, interelectr

207 METHODS AND Intraoperative epicardial mapping (interelectrode distances 2 mm) of th

208 surgery (male:161, 63+/-11 years) underwent epicardial mapping of the right atrium, Bachmann bundle,

209 Of 6889 endocardial-epicardial mapping point pairs, 547 (8%) pairs with dist

210 Accordingly, epicardial mapping revealed a markedly enhanced homogene

211 Simultaneous epicardial mapping using CARTO (Biosense-Webster, CA) an

212 With combined endocardial and epicardial mapping, the isthmus could be identified in 5

213 typically be identified with the addition of epicardial mapping, the isthmus is less commonly identif

214 i) is sufficient to produce cells expressing epicardial markers and exhibiting epicardial phenotypes

215 We validated many new pan-epicardial and epicardial markers by alternative expression assays.

216 ce of the cuboidal-to-squamous transition in epicardial maturation, a process regulated by Wt1.

217 and (2) elucidate whether endocardial versus epicardial mechanics respond differently to hypoxia.

218 In addition, regionalized epicardial/mesothelial retinoic acid signaling regulates

219 ocardium performing better than those in the epicardial myocardium (areas under the receiver-operatin

220 en passively applied to surgically disrupted epicardial myocardium in canines.

221 COPD enrolled in the COPDGene Study.Methods: Epicardial (myocardium and chamber) RV volume (RV(EV)),

222 Replenishment of epicardial NADH fluorescence was then imaged using low i

223 n of high intensity UV pulses to photobleach epicardial NADH.

224 atomically opposite side (endocardial versus epicardial or above versus below the aortic valve) may b

225 ge areas (LVA) at electroanatomical map (97% epicardial or endoepicardial); of them, 25 (20%) had wid

226 vast majority of infarct fibroblasts were of epicardial origin and not derived from bone marrow linea

227 er, genetic lineage tracing demonstrated the epicardial origin of fibroblasts within fibro-fatty infi

228 ts within the infarcted area were largely of epicardial origin.

229 In 12 canines, the investigators implanted epicardial pacemakers and radiotelemetry units to record

230 Epicardial pacing of the injection site identified match

231 Left ventricular (LV) epicardial pacing results in slowly propagating paced wa

232 Minimum distance between epicardial pacing sites and the region of earliest activ

233 Using direct myocardial injection, epicardial patch delivery, or systemic administration of

234 dium and outperforms most existing acellular epicardial patches in reversing left ventricular remodel

235 Acellular epicardial patches that treat myocardial infarction by i

236 expressing epicardial markers and exhibiting epicardial phenotypes with a high yield and purity from

237 Ramipril does not slow development of epicardial plaque volume but does stabilize levels of en

238 ng down BNC1 during the establishment of the epicardial populations resulted in a homogeneous, predom

239 rS (at baseline and after ajmaline), in whom epicardial potential duration maps were available; (3) 1

240 rrhythmogenic substrate location detected by epicardial potential duration maps.

241 ntrated to the basal lateral LV, with marked epicardial predominance.

242 Cells coexpressing markers of epicardial progenitors and fibroblasts were detected in

243 he effect of individual paracrine factors on epicardial progenitors in the adult heart.

244 cytes of atrial EAT derived from a subset of epicardial progenitors.

245 proximal to the injury, within the overlying epicardial region, suggesting a possible distinction bet

246 This study unveils a list of epicardial regulators and is a step towards engineering

247 Such epicardial remodeling was reproduced in an experimental

248 Intraoperative mapping of the endo- and epicardial right atrial wall was performed during (induc

249 ars; 79% men) underwent combined endocardial-epicardial right ventricular electroanatomical mapping a

250 ination of abnormal electric activity in the epicardial right ventricular outflow tract may be benefi

251 For identification of epicardial right ventricular scar, an endocardial UV cut

252 ated with each subpopulation and established epicardial roles in cell adhesion, migration, and chemot

253 re, we show that in sheep, CNTfs sewn across epicardial scar acutely improve conduction.

254 ocardial electroanatomic mapping to identify epicardial scar has not been assessed in this setting.

255 polar voltage mapping serves to characterize epicardial scar in this setting.

256 ith normal bipolar voltage (BV) may indicate epicardial scar.

257 X5-NKX2-5-, mimicking the first heart field, epicardial, second heart field, and endothelial lineages

258 xercise-induced vasoconstriction of stenosed epicardial segments and dilatation of normal segments, w

259 t using intracoronary acetylcholine; second, epicardial severity quantification based on fractional f

260 The epicardial sheet covering the heart is activated by inju

261 heter ablation from both the endocardial and epicardial sides for their elimination, suggesting the p

262 of fluorescence emitted by a motion-tracked epicardial site in adjacent frames removes artifacts, le

263 er tracking enabled the pixel(s) imaging any epicardial site within the marked region to be identifie

264 t atrial appendage ligation that involve the epicardial space are typically associated with significa

265 Epicardial-specific Cdc42 deletion disrupted epicardium

266 t stages of development and from control and epicardial-specific Wt1 knockout (Wt1KO) mice.

267 morphology analyses of epicardial cells from epicardial-specific Wt1KO mice revealed a defect in the

268 sinus rhythm and localizing endocardial and epicardial stimulation sites.

269 stem cells (hPSC-epi) revealed that distinct epicardial subpopulations are defined by high levels of

270 ity and the functional diversity of discrete epicardial subpopulations in the developing zebrafish he

271 Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered three epicardial subpopulations with specific genetic programs

272 caveolin 1 (cav1), which was present in each epicardial subset.

273 pth can be inadequate to reach intramural or epicardial substrate, and energy delivery in the pericar

274 r tachycardia arising from mid myocardial or epicardial substrates.

275 Transpericardial RFCA was successful on the epicardial surface in the A-LV summit in 6 patients and

276 ietic lineages were observed attached to the epicardial surface of infarcted and sham-operated hearts

277 ixed multielectrode plaque was placed on the epicardial surface of the left atrium in dogs.

278 ence of collagen-producing fibrocytes on the epicardial surface that resulted at least in part from t

279 Bipolar voltage mapping demonstrated larger epicardial than endocardial scar and core-dense (</=0.5

280 There was a relatively greater extent of epicardial thickening and dense fibro-fatty infiltrates

281 ith persistent atrial fibrillation underwent epicardial thoracoscopic radiofrequency pulmonary vein i

282 ts as explants and study the regeneration of epicardial tissue ex vivo, as a means to identify therap

283 velocities and mechanical tension within the epicardial tissue sheet, and experimentally induced tens

284 gitudinal strain showed a similar trend from epicardial to endocardial layers (epiwall: -16.0 +/- 2.9

285 cle that showed universal increment from the epicardial to endocardial myocardial wall (epiwall: -15.

286 m electrocardiographic imaging-reconstructed epicardial unipolar electrograms.

287 nt with a female-male odds ratio for CMD and epicardial vasospasm of 4.2 (95% confidence interval: 3.

288 ructed coronaries and ACH test performed for epicardial vasospasm or coronary microvascular dysfuncti

289 thological ACH test, 33% for CMD and 26% for epicardial vasospasm.

290 x canines underwent thoracotomy, and, during epicardial ventricular pacing, mapping was performed.

291 Electrophysiological procedures such as epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation and Lariat l

292 e study including 104 patients who underwent epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation and Lariat l

293 imilar favorable outcomes in both Lariat and epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation groups.

294 Despite successful restoration of epicardial vessel patency with primary percutaneous coro

295 e or two de-novo native lesions in different epicardial vessels.

296 vascular volume, and sarcopenia with the LV epicardial volume (LV(EV)) (myocardium and chamber) esti

297 a reduction in the estimated left ventricle epicardial volume correlated with a loss of pulmonary ve

298 ence for asynchronous activation of the endo-epicardial wall during AF in humans.

299 lution mapping of the right atrial endo- and epicardial wall during AF in humans.

300 Mice deficient in epicardial YAP and TAZ, two core Hippo pathway effectors

301 ytes, respectively, from the endocardial and epicardial zones of the ventricular wall postnatally.