ライフサイエンスコーパス: equi

1 horses worldwide, is caused by Streptococcus equi.

2 with the intracellular bacterium Rhodococcus equi.

3 alian reservoirs for tick transmission of B. equi.

4 cantly increased tissue concentrations of R. equi.

5 f TLR4 responded normally to infection by R. equi.

6 CTL, which may play a role in immunity to R. equi.

7 xhibited diminished cytokine responses to R. equi.

8 ed markedly reduced cytokine responses to R. equi.

9 bility to clear a challenge with virulent R. equi.

10 -containing) or avirulent (plasmid-cured) R. equi.

11 ion of the characteristic salmon color of R. equi.

12 new PCR primers for the identification of E. equi.

13 cted with Ehrlichia canis, E. platys, and E. equi.

14 form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), which kills R. equi.

15 ria to ONOO(-) efficiently kills virulent R. equi.

16 sequence previously obtained from Ehrlichia equi.

17 rogate for trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with S. equi.

18 ogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and S. equi.

19 c acids isolated from pathogenic Rhodococcus equi 103 contained a series of homologous ions having C(

20 The clinical strain S. equi 4047 however, lacks a functional extracellular HL.

21 to the structure-function relationship of S. equi 4047 phage HL.

22 , 8 with Ehrlichia ewingii, 3 with Ehrlichia equi, 9 with Ehrlichia platys, 20 with a Rickettsia spec

23 Rhodococcus equi, a facultative intracellular pathogen of macrophage

24 hese doses of the mu and delta agonists were equi-analgesic as measured by a thermal escape test.

25 orphine-like reinforcing activity in mice at equi-analgesic doses.

26 MaR use promotes multi-drug resistance in R. equi and commensals that are shed into their environment

27 rogress in the molecular understanding of R. equi and its recent rise as a novel paradigm of multihos

28 The prophages of S. equi and other streptococci encode intracellular HLs whi

29 s to the intracellular bacterium Rhodococcus equi and show that infection of macrophages with intact

30 phocytes (CTL) in the control of Rhodococcus equi and specifically to determine if R. equi-specific C

31 Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus are major etiologic

32 suggested that equibactin is secreted by S. equi and that the eqbH, eqbI and eqbJ genes are required

33 These results suggest that E. equi and the HGE agent found in California are similar o

34 on the ability of vector ticks to acquire B. equi and, following development and replication, establi

35 Gomphothere, equid and camelid delta(13)C records show a broad variab

36 xel (PTX) with conventional and two levels ("equi" and "high") of dose-dense schedules.

37 imentally infected with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) and treated with MaR selected for MaR-resistant R.

38 imp white spot syndrome virus, Streptococcus equi, and Bacillus cereus predicts that the collagen-lik

39 dult horses were challenged with virulent R. equi, and cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid we

40 of of a role for vapA in the virulence of R. equi, and demonstrate that its presence is essential for

41 28), SeE, the SsE homologue in Streptococcus equi, and human plasma PAF-AH (hpPAF-AH).

42 y showing a virulence plasmid transfer in R. equi, and it establishes a mechanism by which the virule

43 A TLR2 reporter cell was activated by R. equi, and RAW-264 cells transfected with a dominant nega

44 e species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and demonstrate that it falls outside of crown gr

45 ression libraries using polyclonal equine E. equi antibodies.

46 fected with R. equi or exposed to soluble R. equi antigen lysed R. equi-infected target cells.

47 and specificity of various HGE agent and E. equi antigens used for IFA diagnosis by three different

48 The HGE agent and E. equi are antigenically diverse, and interpretation of se

49 nd mechanisms underlying the evolution of S. equi as a host-restricted pathogen remain poorly underst

50 Equi-atomic FeRh is a very interesting material as it un

51 Equi-atomic FeRh is highly unusual in that it undergoes

52 Loss of pVAPN rendered R. equi avirulent in macrophages and mice.

53 ng microstructural evolutions in UFG Cu with equi-axed and elongated grains which were prepared by eq

54 ple were refined by recrystallization, while equi-axed grains in the ECAP-16 sample grew larger.

55 lymerase chain reaction typing system for R. equi based on 3 plasmid gene markers: traA from the cons

56 Virulent strains of R. equi bear a large plasmid that is required for intracell

57 tors, in particular to break the symmetry of equi-biaxial lateral strain in the absence of prestretch

58 re obtained upon sequential wrinkling of non-equi-biaxial prestrain for the first time.

59 tricular myocytes were subjected to cyclical equi-biaxial stretch.

60 rucker, East Kent Goldings, Zeus) to achieve equi-bitter levels.

61 resolution record of continental climate and equid body size change shows a directional size decrease

62 ite mediates the intracellular killing of R. equi by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages.

63 ine the mechanism of host defense against R. equi by using a murine model.

64 During the acute phase of infection, B. equi can reach high levels of parasitemia, resulting in

65 Rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals.

66 NCP-1, which is a component of the Piromyces equi cellulase/hemicellulase complex, presents a provoca

67 growth system was developed for obtaining R. equi CFS antigens.

68 ne adult horses and provide evidence that R. equi CFS proteins are antigen targets in the immunoprote

69 imulation of pulmonary T-lymphocytes with R. equi CFS resulted in significant proliferation and a sig

70 R. equi CFS was also examined for the ability to stimulate

71 lence plasmid by an avirulent ancestor of R. equi, coevolution between the plasmid and the chromosome

72 e and at the membrane of the host-derived R. equi containing vacuole, thus providing an opportunity f

73 esence of VapA inhibits the maturation of R. equi-containing phagosomes and promotes intracellular ba

74 on of names: "Prescottia equi", "Prescotella equi", Corynebacterium hoagii and Rhodococcus hoagii.

75 cant amounts of C(4) grasses were present in equid diets beginning at 9.9 Ma and in rhinocerotid diet

76 rly be required for the full virulence of S. equi, directing future research toward the development o

77 be extremely useful in the prevention of R. equi disease in horses.

78 Standard treatment for R. equi disease is dual-antimicrobial therapy with a macrol

79 ferred from plasmid-containing strains of R. equi (donor) to plasmid-free R. equi strains (recipient)

80 ently acquire the protozoal pathogen Babesia equi during acute and persistent infections and transmit

81 ranscriptional effects of single and ternary equi-effective mixture exposure to propranolol, diazepam

82 e results from single exposures to a ternary equi-effective mixture of the three compounds showed add

83 inant from electronics, followed by studying equi-effective mixtures thereof.

84 ly-acting compounds (ICI204448, asimadoline) equi-effectively activated both receptors, assessed by m

85 thin its nervous system, both compounds also equi-effectively activated the receptor, inhibiting nerv

86 baclofen (200 microg) each significantly and equi-effectively increased food intake over 4 h followin

87 l(3)Pro(8)OXT taxon-specific variants act as equi-efficacious agonists for the Gq-dependent pathway b

88 st, there was no conclusive evidence that B. equi EMA-1 was expressed in either the Boophilus micropl

89 The expression of B. equi EMA-2 in Boophilus microplus provides a marker for

90 n of a double-dockerin construct from the P. equi endoglucanase Cel45A.

91 d by a combination of parallel tempering and equi-energy Monte Carlo, we find that the three-point mo

92 notably the suid Notochoerus, the hipparion equid Eurygnathohippus, the giraffid Sivatherium, and th

93 The equi-frequency contour (EFC) is used to reveal whether t

94 sal-symmetry but also leads to separation of Equi-Frequency Contour surfaces (EFCs) to form topologic

95 ia sample obtained from Minnesota, Ehrlichia equi from California, Ehrlichia phagocytophila from Swed

96 Ticks that acquired B. equi from chronically infected horses, as well as those

97 nthropogenic forces can dramatically reshape equid gastrointestinal microbiomes, which has broader im

98 repared and screened HGE agent and Ehrlichia equi genomic DNA expression libraries using polyclonal e

99 recognized the vapA virulence plasmid of R. equi had a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificit

100 Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a viral pathogen of horse

101 ly protective against the diseases caused by equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), especially the neurologic f

102 that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the equid herpesvirus type 1 DNA polymerase gene is associat

103 , we report that the nonneurovirulent strain equid herpesvirus type 1 strain NY03 caused lethal neuro

104 In placental tissue from the equid hybrids and the horse parent, the allelic expressi

105 d for use in the identification of Ehrlichia equi in clinical samples.

106 lecular documentation for the presence of E. equi in dogs from these countries.

107 esistance on intracellular replication of R. equi in equine pulmonary macrophages and in an in vivo m

108 11 naturally occurring isolates of Ehrlichia equi in horses and two human granulocytic ehrlichiosis a

109 This monoclonal antibody also recognized B. equi in salivary glands of adult Boophilus microplus.

110 taxonomic and nomenclatural issues around R. equi in the light of recent phylogenomic evidence that c

111 In addition, quantification of B. equi in the mammalian host and vector tick indicated tha

112 blood acquired B. equi, with detection of B. equi in the salivary glands of 7 to 50% of fed ticks, a

113 lopment and replication, establishment of B. equi in the salivary glands.

114 similar to that associated with Rhodococcus equi, including intra-histiocytic localization.

115 flammatory cells from either L. major- or R. equi-infected C57BL/6 mice were sensitive to TNF-induced

116 necessary for recognition and killing of R. equi-infected cells.

117 d 24 kDa and were recognized by sera from R. equi-infected foals and immune adult horses.

118 ulated in macrophages and in the lungs of R. equi-infected foals, we hypothesized that vapG could be

119 Killing of R. equi-infected macrophages by effector cells was equally

120 scent antibody (IFA) serology with Ehrlichia equi-infected neutrophils or HGE agent-infected cultured

121 exposed to soluble R. equi antigen lysed R. equi-infected target cells.

122 h CTL obtained from the blood, killing of R. equi-infected targets by pulmonary effectors was not res

123 (phox-/-)) are more susceptible to lethal R. equi infection and display higher bacterial burdens in t

124 Although R. equi infection can produce life-threatening pyogranuloma

125 We present two HIV-associated cases of R. equi infection from Vietnam and discuss the unique diagn

126 of pulmonary malakoplakia due to Rhodococcus equi infection in an allograft post-lung transplantation

127 the predominantly opportunistic nature of R. equi infection in this host and a zoonotic origin.

128 Rhodococcus equi infection is increasing in regions with high HIV pr

129 are used as means of controlling endemic R. equi infection on many farms.

130 with either Leishmania major or Rhodococcus equi infection, although they developed a Th1 response a

131 hages were fully capable of responding to R. equi infection, and because RAW-264 cells transfected wi

132 ced virtually no cytokines in response to R. equi infection, implicating a TLR pathway.

133 in the immunoprotective response against R. equi infection.

134 era from horses convalescent from HGE and E. equi infection.

135 mice blocked lesion regression following R. equi infection.

136 icant questions, we established long-term B. equi infections (>1 year), measured parasitemia levels o

137 m soil samples from 100 farms endemic for R. equi infections in Kentucky.

138 This "TRAVAP" typing scheme classifies R. equi into 4 categories: traA(+)/vapA(+)B(-), traA(+)/vap

139 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macroph

140 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular opportunistic pathog

141 elling, saprophytic actinomycete Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of macropha

142 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of macropha

143 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular, Gram-positive, soil

144 Rhodococcus equi is a multihost, facultative intracellular bacterial

145 Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of pneumonia in young horses;

146 Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised h

147 ement of chronically infected horses with B. equi is based on the presumption that ticks can acquire

148 Best known as a horse pathogen, R. equi is commonly isolated from other animal species, par

149 ith VapA; the proteins are expressed when R. equi is cultured at 37 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C

150 cular typing of the actinomycete Rhodococcus equi is insufficiently developed, and little is known ab

151 We show that Himar1 transposition in R. equi is random and needs no apparent consensus sequence

152 Streptococcus equi is the causative agent of strangles, the most frequ

153 Streptococcus equi is the causative agent of the highly contagious dis

154 Rhodococcus equi is the only recognized animal pathogenic species wi

155 d that the major virulence determinant of R. equi is the surface bound virulence associated protein A

156 human isolate from Wisconsin or an Ehrlichia equi isolate from a horse, there was qualitative agreeme

157 e absence of antibiotics, the susceptible R. equi isolate outcompeted the macrolide- or rifampin-resi

158 wo proteins are not expressed by the same R. equi isolate.

159 All strains of R. equi isolated from foals and approximately a third isola

160 riability of multidrug-resistant Rhodococcus equi isolated from soil samples from 100 farms endemic f

161 ultative intracellular bacterium Rhodococcus equi isolated from young horses (foals) with R. equi pne

162 The 444 Ep-ank gene of the HGE agent and E. equi isolates from northern California is different from

163 16S rRNA gene sequences of HGE agent and E. equi isolates from northern California.

164 erm(51)-encoding resistance to MLS(B) in R. equi isolates from soil of horse-breeding farms.

165 ence of macrolide- and rifampin-resistant R. equi isolates has been documented.

166 Ehrlichia equi isolates were from Sierra (n = 6), Mendocino (n = 3

167 quine (pVAPA) and porcine (pVAPB variant) R. equi isolates.

168 B. equi levels during the chronic phase of infection ranged

169 The role of the surface-localized R. equi lipoprotein VapA (virulence-associated protein A),

170 d pulmonary T lymphocytes stimulated with R. equi lysed infected alveolar macrophages and peripheral

171 fficient activation of innate immunity by R. equi may account for the relative lack of virulence of t

172 Equi merozoite antigens 1 and 2 (EMA-1 and EMA-2) are Ba

173 oduced higher Bispectral index readings than equi-minimum-alveolar-concentration multiples of ether a

174 idence here that the MT/src complex contains equi-molar amounts of PP2A, and that phosphatase activit

175 In equi-molar mixed-Pb(II)-Zn(II) systems, partitioning of

176 , >99% of both metal ions sorbed to PAA when equi-molar Pb(II) and Zn(II) were added simultaneously t

177 study, we describe the construction of an R. equi mutant lacking a 7.9 kb DNA region spanning five va

178 y replicating plasmid for construction of R. equi mutants.

179 As typical in the rhodococci, R. equi niche specialization is extrachromosomally determin

180 ression profiles from PBMCs treated with low equi-nicotine units (0.3 mug/mL) of WS-CM and one high d

181 ptor agonist and modulator equi-response and equi-occupancy selectivity calculated from these paramet

182 either of two protozoan parasites, Theileria equi or Babesia caballi.

183 gen-presenting cells either infected with R. equi or exposed to soluble R. equi antigen lysed R. equi

184 s that contained morphologically distinct B. equi organisms in the midgut.

185 ease similarly after treatment with NaCl, an equi-osmolar concentration of sorbitol, or ABA, whereas

186 The responses to equi-osmotic infusions of hypertonic sorbitol were signi

187 greater increase in discharge frequency than equi-osmotic mannitol.

188 activity and arterial blood pressure whereas equi-osmotic mannitol/sorbitol did not alter any variabl

189 crease in arterial blood pressure (ABP) than equi-osmotic mannitol/sorbitol.

190 rve activity (SNA), adrenal SNA and ABP than equi-osmotic sorbitol (2.0 osmol l(-1) ).

191 Equi-osmotic sorbitol did not alter any variable.

192 se in OVLT neuronal discharge frequency than equi-osmotic sorbitol.

193 OVLT discharge and ABP than icv infusion of equi-osmotic sorbitol.

194 esistant R. equi, whereas MaR-susceptible R. equi out-competed resistant isolates in GaM-treated or u

195 During the development of B. equi parasites in the salivary gland granular acini, the

196 e, nymphs, and adults) failed to transmit B. equi parasites to naive horses.

197 is problem, based on a combination of energy equi-partition and enthalpy-entropy compensation, is pro

198 usters the binding free energy appears to be equi-partitioned between the gp32 monomers of the cluste

199 at S. equi sAgs play an important role in S. equi pathogenicity by stimulating an overzealous and ina

200 he identification and precise demarcation of equid/Perissodactyl-specific features that for the first

201 omes shared limited synteny with Rhodococcus equi phage ReqiDocB7 and Gordonia phage GTE7.

202 d between traA(+)/vapAB(-)--a new type of R. equi plasmid--and cattle.

203 e techniques or serology for diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia in foals.

204 e sensitive and specific for diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia than are other available diagnostic tests

205 i isolated from young horses (foals) with R. equi pneumonia, carry an 80-90 kb virulence plasmid and

206 ociated with sporadic outbreaks in human and equid populations in the Western Hemisphere.

207 ca through sporadic outbreaks into human and equid populations.

208 as a mechanism to ensure its maintenance in equid populations.

209 to either the apical or the basolateral bath equi-potently stimulated ISC while 'purified' ADP and UD

210 a confusing succession of names: "Prescottia equi", "Prescotella equi", Corynebacterium hoagii and Rh

211 An equi-pressor dose of angiotensin II had no effect on myo

212 reduced renal cortical tissue PO2 more than equi-pressor doses of phenylephrine, probably because it

213 significantly greater than those induced by equi-pressor doses of phenylephrine.

214 Equi-pressor infusion of phenylephrine did not significa

215 GE), Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and Ehrlichia equi probably comprise variants of a single Ehrlichia sp

216 S. equi produces four recently acquired phage-associated ba

217 tigens 1 and 2 (EMA-1 and EMA-2) are Babesia equi proteins expressed on the parasite surface during i

218 -associated virulence plasmid in Rhodococcus equi, pVAPN, carried by bovine isolates of this facultat

219 ots experimentally infected with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) and treated with MaR selected for MaR-res

220 nt to confer virulence to a plasmid-cured R. equi recipient.

221 ggesting that the pathogenic potential of S. equi reduces as a consequence of long-term residency wit

222 The timing of these equid regional extinctions and accompanying evolutionary

223 In these assays, R. equi remains fully viable following prolonged exposure t

224 The protozoan parasite Babesia equi replicates within erythrocytes.

225 iated epidemiologically with emergence of R. equi resistant to MaR.

226 ic measure of receptor agonist and modulator equi-response and equi-occupancy selectivity calculated

227 after experimental infection of mice with R. equi resulted in more severe disease and significantly i

228 lates of group C streptococci (Streptococcus equi, S. equisimilis, and S. zooepidemicus) have been sh

229 pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. equi, S. mutans, S. pneumoniae, S. suis and S. uberis, a

230 We propose that S. equi sAgs play an important role in S. equi pathogenicit

231 cterize the contribution of each of these S. equi sAgs to mitogenic activity in vitro and quantify th

232 eas phylogenetic analysis showed that the E. equi sequence was most closely related to the Upper Midw

233 another group contained the majority of the equid sequences identified.

234 ively in persistent isolates, and renders S. equi significantly less able to cause acute disease in t

235 (MHC) class I genes isolated from a range of equid species and more distantly related members of the

236 ontained genes and alleles that are found in equid species and one group specific to the rhinoceros.

237 Here we match variation in striping of equid species and subspecies to geographic range overlap

238 ve figured centrally in that debate, because equid species dominated North American late Pleistocene

239 Although multiple NWSL equid species have been named, our palaeogenomic and mor

240 horoughbreds and 42 samples from three other equid species that the T-allele was ancestral and there

241 the sequence and number of ZF domains among equid species, ranging from five domains in the Tibetan

242 cus equi and specifically to determine if R. equi-specific CD8+ CTL occurred in the blood of immune h

243 that immunocompetent adult horses develop R. equi-specific CD8+ CTL, which may play a role in immunit

244 s described for amplification of Rhodococcus equi-specific chromosomal and vapA DNA from blood and tr

245 In this study, the hypothesis that R. equi-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are present

246 alveolar macrophages, suggesting that the R. equi-specific, major histocompatibility complex-unrestri

247 EMA-2-positive B. equi stages in the midgut lumen and midgut epithelial ce

248 R. equi-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC

249 strains H70 and MGCS10565 and S. equi subsp. equi strain 4047 suggests that flaR flanks a region of g

250 Allelic replacement mutants of S. equi strain 4047 with sequential deletion of the superan

251 We subsequently constructed an R. equi strain lacking only the vapA gene and found that it

252 rophage replication defect of a wild type R. equi strain lacking the vapA gene and enhances the persi

253 trains of R. equi (donor) to plasmid-free R. equi strains (recipient) at a high frequency and that pl

254 A TRAVAP survey of 215 R. equi strains confirmed the strong link between vapA (tra

255 vapC, -D, and -E are found only in R. equi strains that express VapA and are highly conserved

256 oratory demonstrated decreased fitness of R. equi strains that were resistant to macrolides, rifampin

257 oepidemicus strains H70 and MGCS10565 and S. equi subsp. equi strain 4047 suggests that flaR flanks a

258 ctiae (Group B Streptococcus), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (Group C Streptococcus), Strep

259 ely to be a specific strain of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from contaminated cheese.

260 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is an important pathogen in ho

261 fibrinogen is a common phenotype of human S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates but much less so in e

262 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates of equine and human o

263 otic resistance profiles of 38 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates were determined from

264 micus isolates but much less so in equine S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates.

265 important virulence mechanism of zoonotic S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates.

266 ococcolytic enzyme produced by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain 4881.

267 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains 9g and 9h appeared to

268 se sequences with the genome sequences of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains H70 and MGCS10565 and

269 that the zoonotic potential varies among S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains in association with di

270 ame deletion mutagenesis of two different S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains that the M-like protei

271 Twenty-four S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains were analyzed to deter

272 rved with the corresponding sequence from S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus SzpW60, while the predicted su

273 Three other strains of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, including another strain prev

274 recurrent bacteremia caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, likely transmitted from mothe

275 trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with Streptococcus equi subspecies are interpreted based on human data for

276 S is a non-anchored protein of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi that causes upper respiratory infec

277 isolated an unusual organism- Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus from the maxillary sinus.

278 Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus is not a well-documented c

279 is was associated with group C Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, a cause of bovine mastiti

280 iron-type nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus equi TG328-2 (ReNHase) using methacrylonitrile as the su

281 More cells were killed by PTX dose-dense-equi than with PTX conventional, but with the addition o

282 red protein of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi that causes upper respiratory infection in horses.

283 Two clones, one each from HGE agent and E. equi, that were recognized specifically by antibodies to

284 though absolutely conserved in Streptococcus equi, the causative agent of equine strangles, was absen

285 trast, in anaerobic fungi, such as Piromyces equi, the dockerins of cellulosomal enzymes are often pr

286 k operon gene fragment is identical among E. equi, the HGE agent, and E. phagocytophila, with the exc

287 ies showed that, in contrast to wild-type R. equi, the riboflavin-requiring mutant is attenuated beca

288 ole and/or trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with S. equi This study indicates trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

289 fter molting to the adult stage, transmit B. equi to naive horses.

290 B. equi transitions through multiple, morphologically disti

291 ial transmission is an efficient mode for B. equi transmission and that persistently infected horses

292 Our findings support a model in which R. equi virulence is conferred by host-adapted plasmids.

293 R. equi virulence is dependent on the presence of a large v

294 eloped will allow the characterization of R. equi virulence mechanisms and the creation of other atte

295 d VapE, which are encoded by genes on the R. equi virulence plasmid.

296 ycycline against 101 isolates of Rhodococcus equi were determined by broth macrodilution, disk diffus

297 eated with MaR selected for MaR-resistant R. equi, whereas MaR-susceptible R. equi out-competed resis

298 Unlike wild-type R. equi which replicates intracellularly, both of the mutan

299 10(5.5) +/- 10(0.48)/ml of blood acquired B. equi, with detection of B. equi in the salivary glands o

300 The lifestyle of S. equi within the horse is defined by short-term acute dis