ライフサイエンスコーパス: eutherian

1 pus callosum is unique to placental mammals (eutherians).

2 alestidae (a family of Late Cretaceous Asian eutherians).

3 yctitheria (a group of Late Cretaceous Asian eutherians).

4 single genomic cluster that is exclusive to eutherians.

5 ich X-chromosome inactivation is achieved in eutherians.

6 o 45 Myr "ghost lineage" for these Gondwanan eutherians.

7 for dental and other anatomical features of eutherians.

8 performs an important germ cell function in eutherians.

9 in comparing SF1 of a marsupial with that of eutherians.

10 derably longer time to weaning compared with eutherians.

11 smatically in the marsupials, but not in the eutherians.

12 evelopmental events is more variable than in eutherians.

13 lation, which mirrors X inactivation in many eutherians.

14 ipitating the parturition cascade similar to eutherians.

15 towards term is a shared derived feature of eutherians.

16 llmark of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in eutherians.

17 guide our understanding of LINE dynamics in eutherians.

18 Based on seminal work in placental species (eutherians)(1-10), a paradigm of mammalian development h

19 determine whether the abnormalities found in eutherian albinos are also present in this marsupial.

20 n and loss across the phylogeny, we show the eutherian ancestor retained a core set of 17 MSY genes,

21 lacental mammalian lineages since the common eutherian ancestor, showing considerable variation betwe

22 ing megabase-scale euchromatic regions of an eutherian ancestral genome from the genomes of approxima

23 X and autosomes for likely neutral sites in eutherian ancestral interspersed repetitive elements pre

24 teractome we performed expanded screening of eutherian and avian cDNA libraries using yeast-two-hybri

25 the genome indicate that the majority of all eutherian and avian/reptilian genes or regions of intere

26 ifference in chiasmatic architecture between eutherian and marsupial mammals.

27 2 and Stratum 3 gene pairs, suggesting that eutherian and marsupial Stratum 2 genes may have been in

28 c imprinting has been identified in therian (eutherian and marsupial) mammals but not in prototherian

29 e fundamental order of events is the same in eutherian and metatherian animals, but there is a curvil

30 Ark blot analysis of eutherian and metatherian genomic DNA indicates that X-Y

31 aled Fgf8 expression in genital tubercles of eutherian and metatherian mammals, but not turtles or al

32 aryotes, the MAGE family rapidly expanded in eutherians and consists of more than 50 highly conserved

33 ologous to those previously characterized in eutherians and demonstrates that amelogenins were refine

34 oala retrovirus (KoRV) have been detected in eutherians and marsupials in the Australo-Papuan region,

35 Comparisons between eutherians and marsupials suggest limited conservation o

36 ary for both infant and fetal development in eutherians and marsupials, although marsupials have a fa

37 Mesozoic therian mammal (node-based clade of eutherians and metatherians), Didelphodon vorax has a hi

38 xtinct relatives), or as an outgroup to both eutherians and metatherians.

39 evolved characteristic that is restricted to eutherians, and likely contributes to the complex behavi

40 ammalian outgroup to therians (marsupial and eutherian animals) and provide key insights into mammali

41 Eutherians are often mistakenly termed 'placental mammal

42 etatherian (marsupial) mammals diverged from eutherians around 160 million years ago.

43 h America, have been identified variously as eutherians, as basal metatherians (the stem-based clade

44 n the squirrel, six are well-known ancestral eutherian associations (3/21, 4/8, 7/16, 12/22, 14/15, 1

45 and the insufficiency of UCP1 to account for eutherian BAT, these data support a mechanism for the em

46 This argues that some Late Cretaceous eutherians belong within the crown group Placentalia.

47 Through interaction with SKIP, eutherian beta m acquired new functions as exemplified b

48 Eutherian BetaM has lost its ancestral function and beca

49 beta3 isoforms, indicating the uniqueness of eutherian BetaM interactome.

50 s in structural and functional properties of eutherian BetaM proteins are associated with the increas

51 hiasm of marsupials differs from that of the eutherian brains that have been studied, with uncrossed

52 ajor structural differences in marsupial and eutherian brains, accelerated regions in both species we

53 Marsupials comprise the sister taxon of eutherians but do not have a corpus callosum; their inte

54 HSPRY3 localized to the X in all the eutherians, but not marsupial, so it must have been adde

55 The loss of the epipubic bones in eutherians can be related to the evolution of prolonged

56 ing pinwheel organization resembling that of eutherian carnivores and primates but distinctly differe

57 sent findings show that transcription of the eutherian CHKB and CPT1B genes is linked within a unitar

58 es revealing expression of all 115 conserved eutherian chorioallantoic placentation genes in the uter

59 mparison with both metatherian autosomes and eutherian chromosomes.

60 es of convergent evolution within individual eutherian clades.

61 In contrast, about 20% of eutherian conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are recen

62 n an embryonic state, as compared with their eutherian counterparts, yet certain features are acceler

63 his domestica, revealing variations from the eutherian-derived model.

64 efined structurally prior to the metatherian/eutherian divergence between 100 and 150 million years a

65 The oldest well documented eutherian-dominated fauna in the world is Dzharakuduk, U

66 rsification of the earliest metatherians and eutherians during the Early Cretaceous.

67 istent with acquisition of imprinting during Eutherian evolution after divergence of Glires from the

68 o 38-fold) on at least four occasions during eutherian evolution, during the evolution of primates, a

69 lity and arboreality were prevalent early in eutherian evolution.

70 ay have been selected as a ncRNA gene during eutherian evolution.

71 Interestingly, three eutherians exhibit radically distinct splice choice expr

72 Here we describe a new eutherian from the Late Cretaceous period of Mongolia, a

73 mmals, including the reconstructed ancestral eutherian gene, are able to up-regulate PRL from the pro

74 Comparison of opossum and eutherian genomes also reveals a sharp difference in evo

75 he sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes.

76 A similar enrichment is found in other eutherian genomes.

77 rgence and are frequently gained and lost in eutherian genomes.

78 upial Tasmanian tiger, or thylacine, and the eutherian gray wolf are among the most widely recognized

79 These results reveal that the first eutherians had a deeply invasive placenta and imply that

80 romosome formation within this interspecific eutherian hybrid.

81 While phenotypes observed for interspecific eutherian hybrids are suggestive of methylation perturba

82 Previous studies in eutherian hybrids, however, have been limited to a gross

83 DNA methylation on the eutherian inactive X is high at transcription start site

84 erians (including extant marsupials) than to eutherians (including extant placentals).

85 it does share common properties with that of eutherians, including H3K27 trimethylation and targeting

86 of better-preserved specimens of Cretaceous eutherians, including several new species.

87 Our findings implicate miRNAs in the eutherians' increase in neuronal subtype and projection

88 factor that suppresses estrogen signaling, a Eutherian innovation allowing blastocyst implantation.

89 hat the implantation reaction that occurs in eutherians is derived from an attachment reaction in the

90 between allometric slopes for marsupials and eutherians is no longer significant and the slope differ

91 ture of tammar SF1 is divergent from that of eutherians, its expression profile is similar, supportin

92 stational development existed throughout the eutherian lineage that descended to humans from the last

93 group necessary to better understand our own eutherian lineage, but it enables insights into the inno

94 ker that has been duplicated from YY1 in the eutherian lineage.

95 eages of Mesozoic origin and metatherian and eutherian lineages that probably dispersed to SA during

96 f galectin-1 then became highly conserved in eutherian lineages, suggesting the emergence of hormonal

97 Y chromosome gene repertoires differ between eutherian lineages.

98 rst record of epipubic bones in two distinct eutherian lineages.

99 ter, appear to be consistent features of the Eutherian mammal amygdala.

100 ergy, relative to body mass, than nearly any eutherian mammal ever measured, including sedentary huma

101 , respectively, of the levels expected for a eutherian mammal of comparable size.

102 agasia', yet how this order relates to other eutherian mammal orders remains unclear despite numerous

103 morphological traits diagnostic of different eutherian mammal orders, they could not be used to resol

104 iously, in a comparison of sequences from 57 eutherian mammal species, we found seven 'highly conserv

105 scribed in albinos of a number of species of eutherian mammal, but have not been studied in marsupial

106 -utans have extremely low energy usage for a eutherian mammal, far lower than their hominid relatives

107 novel structure that led to expansion of the eutherian mammal, including humankind.

108 udy shows that the chiasm of a highly visual eutherian mammal, the tree shrew, is similar to that fou

109 le altruistic behaviour of spermatozoa in an eutherian mammal.

110 ing that nearly 75% can be optimized for any eutherian mammal.

111 for X-chromosome inactivation during female eutherian mammalian development.

112 ical data, we demonstrate that the ancestral eutherian mammalian placenta had the distinctive feature

113 an that for birds (0.681); (b) the slope for eutherian mammals (0.772) is greater than that for marsu

114 tly lower than that observed with nonprimate eutherian mammals (45-70%).

115 rm, the koala) and compared these results to eutherian mammals (e.g., xenarthrans, rodents, primates)

116 marsupial mammals (fat-tailed dunnart), and eutherian mammals (mouse and human).

117 last 100 My in the lineages of 10 species of eutherian mammals and 24 species of birds.

118 pt gene function, aligning sequences from 57 eutherian mammals and categorizing amino acid sites by d

119 lar matrix is known as the zona pellucida in eutherian mammals and consists of three glycoproteins, Z

120 h is essential for placentation/pregnancy in eutherian mammals and is a direct regulatory target of t

121 l seven Syncytin genes identified to date in eutherian mammals and is likely to be a major effector o

122 understanding the genetic features common to eutherian mammals and may shed light on the evolution of

123 vs. 443.1 cM), a pattern contrary to that in eutherian mammals and other vertebrates.

124 pecies attained rates comparable to those of eutherian mammals and precocial birds.

125 Extant eutherian mammals and their most recent common ancestor

126 mechanisms that maintain or end pregnancy in eutherian mammals and use this knowledge to formulate ge

127 e polar trophoblast overlays the epiblast in eutherian mammals and, depending on the species, has one

128 ny developmental functions in marsupials and eutherian mammals are accomplished by different tissues,

129 onstrate that life history differences among eutherian mammals are associated with major transitions

130 lecular changes that support implantation in eutherian mammals are necessary to establish pregnancy.

131 A3s are specific to eutherian mammals because no direct homologs exist at th

132 TCRmu does not have a known homolog in eutherian mammals but has features analogous to a recent

133 subsequently lost in both teleost fishes and eutherian mammals but retained in other lineages.

134 rsupials in general, lag far behind those of eutherian mammals due to the lack of reliable means to m

135 Comparative mapping of the X chromosome in eutherian mammals has revealed distinct regions of conse

136 Marsupial and eutherian mammals have been evolving independently for a

137 Eutherian mammals have characteristic lengths of gestati

138 Phylogenetically controlled analyses of 161 eutherian mammals indicate that, after controlling for b

139 regarding the relationship of bats to other eutherian mammals is concordant with previous molecular

140 X-chromosome inactivation in eutherian mammals is mediated by the non-coding RNA Xist

141 e chiasmatic structure described to date for eutherian mammals is not ubiquitous, as was previously t

142 is thought to have led to the co-presence in eutherian mammals of oxytocin and vasopressin, which hav

143 enetically directed, stochastic diversity in eutherian mammals on spatial scales that would be predic

144 7%-67%) by comparison with one to five other eutherian mammals or six other simian primates.

145 xpression at the maternal-fetal interface in Eutherian mammals play essential roles in the evolution

146 The placenta has evolved in eutherian mammals primarily to provide nutrients for the

147 Production of male offspring in viviparous eutherian mammals requires a sex-determining mechanism r

148 onductance regulator gene region across nine eutherian mammals reveals a CpG effect.

149 tic analysis of the SNRPN (SmN) mRNA in five eutherian mammals reveals a second highly conserved codi

150 ings suggest that diprotodont marsupials and eutherian mammals share a similar cortical architecture

151 Sex chromosomes in males of most eutherian mammals share only a small homologous segment,

152 All eutherian mammals show chromosomal sex determination wit

153 Since many eutherian mammals still maintain a fairly large number o

154 fourth component (ZP4), present in all other eutherian mammals studied so far, has remained elusive.

155 prints and weaker evolutionary constraint in eutherian mammals than older neocortical enhancers.

156 period of pregnancy was a key innovation in eutherian mammals that allowed an extended period of int

157 n their parent of origin, is observed in all eutherian mammals that have been examined.

158 ysiological processes in the vital organs of eutherian mammals to function, it is important to mainta

159 der scale, the MAGE genes likely expanded in eutherian mammals to protect the germline from environme

160 some inactivation is the silencing mechanism eutherian mammals use to equalize the expression of X-li

161 Female eutherian mammals use X chromosome inactivation (XCI) to

162 gnancy in the marsupials and implantation in eutherian mammals using the gray short-tailed opossum (M

163 very different reproductive strategy to most eutherian mammals whereby young are born at a highly alt

164 n zebrafish that was secondarily lost in the eutherian mammals' lineage, including humans, and that i

165 ly, substitution of His(B5) (conserved among eutherian mammals) by Arg (occasionally observed among o

166 ls-which are the closest living relatives to eutherian mammals, although they diverged from the latte

167 ng positive selection in the stem-lineage of eutherian mammals, and (iii) only HoxA-11 proteins from

168 re relatively earlier in Monodelphis than in eutherian mammals, and the subplate becomes less distinc

169 lower than in humans and other marsupial and eutherian mammals, as determined by lymphocyte prolifera

170 -redundancy sequence from a collection of 16 eutherian mammals, beyond the 7 for which genome sequenc

171 In eutherian mammals, biparental DNA methylation marks are

172 ic CpG residues is critical to imprinting in eutherian mammals, but its importance to imprinting in m

173 date, these efforts largely have focused on eutherian mammals, chicken, and fish.

174 In eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked genes

175 ted that CAPG, a highly conserved protein in eutherian mammals, elicits a transcriptional response in

176 with smaller populations, as represented by eutherian mammals, exhibit a positive correlation betwee

177 lso indicates that like chickens, but unlike eutherian mammals, GC content heterogeneity (isochore st

178 until day 8, suggesting that, in contrast to eutherian mammals, in the opossum alphabeta T cell devel

179 that maintain parent-specific imprinting in eutherian mammals, including an expanded view of the pla

180 Protamines from eutherian mammals, including bulls and humans, also cont

181 Among eutherian mammals, only primates possess trichromatic co

182 times since the divergence of the orders of eutherian mammals, presumably by viral capture of host g

183 ertebrates and clade-specific alignments for eutherian mammals, primates, birds and fish; variation d

184 Pth4, an ancient parathyroid hormone lost in eutherian mammals, reveals a new brain-to-bone signaling

185 is similar between short-tailed opossums and eutherian mammals, short-tailed opossum have a much lowe

186 tions of V1 are similar to those observed in eutherian mammals, such as connections with V2 and extra

187 In eutherian mammals, such as mice and humans, steroidogeni

188 dentification in animals has been limited to eutherian mammals, suggesting a significant role for int

189 Despite rapid evolution across eutherian mammals, the X-linked MIR-506 family miRNAs ar

190 s neurons) resembled those observed in other eutherian mammals, these were usually spiny, which contr

191 For eutherian mammals, this approach suggests that it is unl

192 In eutherian mammals, this joint forms in the embryo, suppo

193 g the preimplantation period of pregnancy in eutherian mammals, transcriptional and proteomic changes

194 sly, platypus KHNYN, the most divergent from eutherian mammals, was also capable of independent restr

195 s are genes of retroviral origin captured by eutherian mammals, with a role in placentation.

196 ting is a conserved epigenetic phenomenon in eutherian mammals, with regards both to the genes that a

197 In eutherian mammals, XCI is thought to be triggered by the

198 ared with the X-linked loci from seven other eutherian mammals.

199 of KH-domain containing proteins specific to eutherian mammals.

200 s and snakes, ostariophysan fishes, and most eutherian mammals.

201 ince the time of the last common ancestor of eutherian mammals.

202 ich is essential for successful pregnancy in eutherian mammals.

203 ionary time is roughly equivalent to that of eutherian mammals.

204 has co-evolved with some unique features of eutherian mammals.

205 ces that are conserved between human and six eutherian mammals.

206 nd lineage formation that are shared between eutherian mammals.

207 c sex chromosomes seen in groups such as the eutherian mammals.

208 this epigenetic phenomenon is restricted to eutherian mammals.

209 relationships remain unresolved, even among eutherian mammals.

210 ed to be a conserved ancestral chromosome of eutherian mammals.

211 in the rod opsin of both marsupials and all eutherian mammals.

212 sting that it is present in a broad range of Eutherian mammals.

213 pials as well as with studies in a number of eutherian mammals.

214 ying 13 mitochondrial protein data sets from eutherian mammals.

215 ical hemispheres that emerged exclusively in eutherian mammals.

216 alized extra-embryonic cells present only in eutherian mammals.

217 or fetal growth and pregnancy maintenance in eutherian mammals.

218 very deep evolutionary roots among the early eutherian mammals.

219 the pattern observed during implantation in eutherian mammals.

220 arsupial species overlap with those found in eutherian mammals.

221 rloops and superdomains are conserved across eutherian mammals.

222 eic individuals co-exist during pregnancy in eutherian mammals.

223 wer cellular and neuronal density than other eutherian mammals.

224 activity and hence reproduction in birds and eutherian mammals.

225 a quantity comparable to findings for other eutherian mammals.

226 eterologous cell-fusion process unique among eutherian mammals.

227 SR) are homologous to somatosensory areas in eutherian mammals.

228 and it is the first in a new major clade of eutherian mammals.

229 ent in GC-rich genes or in other genes among eutherian mammals; indeed, the GC content of GC-rich gen

230 As in eutherians, marsupial H19 is maternally expressed and pa

231 d lineage-specific markers that pre-date the eutherian-marsupial divergence.

232 hat cover the three main mammalian lineages (eutherians, marsupials and monotremes) and birds (the ev

233 Like eutherians, metatherian (marsupial) mammals have evolved

234 le suggested that Golem originated after the eutherian-metatherian divergence and that the A and B su

235 milar size but different developmental pace: eutherian mice and marsupial fat-tailed dunnarts.

236 Almost indistinguishable from placental (eutherian) moles, they provide a striking example of con

237 es before the separation of metatherians and eutherians more than 100 million years ago.

238 ATB2 in neocortical development, between the eutherian mouse and the marsupial fat-tailed dunnart.

239 noncoding elements that potentially regulate eutherian MSY genes.

240 Here we report the discovery of a new eutherian of 160 Myr from the Jurassic of China, which e

241 those for which sequences from at least four eutherian orders are available with a suitable non-euthe

242 mammalian species representing 17 of the 18 eutherian orders were examined using DNA sequences from

243 y 2 duplicated prior to the radiation of the eutherian orders.

244 and receptor IGF2 binding in marsupials and eutherians, our results also demonstrate that these two

245 ian orders are available with a suitable non-eutherian outgroup.

246 analyses that measure constraint across the eutherian phylogeny.

247 rations required for successful pregnancy in eutherian placental mammals have remained a scientific e

248 s are: 1) The patterns of gene expression in eutherian (placental) mammals are consistent with the no

249 Metatherian and eutherian (placental) mammals are more closely related t

250 In eutherian (placental) mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT

251 Among eutherian (placental) mammals, placental embedding into

252 se more slowly but prior to the radiation of eutherian (placental) mammals.

253 esis of the higher-level relationships among eutherian (placental) mammals.

254 marsupials and monotremes but not in living eutherian (placental) mammals.

255 Phylogenetically, IFNA family members in eutherians (placental mammals) cluster together in a spe

256 ed with and of similar complexity to that of eutherians (placental mammals).

257 origins and diversification of pregnancy in Eutherian ('placental') mammals.

258 a, which extends the first appearance of the eutherian-placental clade by about 35 Myr from the previ

259 mic molecular program that is reminiscent of eutherian placentation, including both fetal and materna

260 -derived gene that has evolved a function in eutherian placentation.

261 s, with the opossum PMSC sharing features of eutherian PMSC.

262 ules transferred from mother to fetus during eutherian pregnancy, and the metabolic fates of these nu

263 -mouse divergence (and perhaps preceding the eutherian radiation), a processed CDYL transcript retrop

264 as well, suggesting that imprinting predated eutherian radiation.

265 cental" mammals essential for the success of eutherian reproduction.

266 m the simpler salt-and-pepper arrangement of eutherian rodents and rabbits.

267 verged less from the ancestral SF1 than have eutherian SF1 proteins.

268 Gene conversion was inferred in every eutherian species analyzed and comparison of the IFNA ge

269 s of 176 mammalian genes from representative eutherian species and at least one marsupial species.

270 In the eutherian species studied to date, uncrossed axons in th

271 to steroid signaling, that are modulated in eutherian species, change expression during opossum gest

272 ammalian embryos have focused exclusively on eutherian species.

273 the wallaby, a diprotodont marsupial, and to eutherian species.

274 ped the evolution of the IFNA gene family in eutherian species.

275 he interface between mother and fetus in all eutherian species.

276 A substantial proportion of these eutherian-specific CNEs arose from sequence inserted by

277 we present multiple lines of evidence that a eutherian-specific multicopy retrogene, DUX4, encodes a

278 3% of recruited genes are within 200 kb of a Eutherian-specific transposable element (MER20).

279 Eutherian spermatozoa are dependent on the environment o

280 jority of positive selection occurred on the eutherian stem lineage suggesting that ancient adaptatio

281 c analysis of well described Late Cretaceous eutherians strongly supports Zalambdalestidae, less stro

282 e the only undisputed pre-Tertiary Gondwanan eutherians, such as Deccanolestes.

283 currence of epipubic bones in two Cretaceous eutherians suggests that the dramatic modifications conn

284 Among eutherians that it yields is Kulbeckia, an 85-90-Myr-old

285 ation of an evolutionarily acquired miRNA in eutherians that refines cortical projection neuron subty

286 have resulted from an intergenic deletion in eutherians that significantly altered the distribution o

287 Furthermore, unlike the genome of eutherians, that of the opossum remains hypermethylated

288 ar wallaby, a monotreme, the platypus, and a eutherian, the mouse, to investigate how imprinting of t

289 nt in mammalian history is the divergence of eutherians, the clade inclusive of all living placentals

290 In eutherians, the CPT1B gene is closely linked to the chol

291 Furthermore, unlike that in eutherians, the inactive X chromosome becomes globally D

292 In eutherians, the inactive X chromosome in XX females is r

293 In eutherians, the X is subject to meiotic sex chromosome i

294 all mammalian groups (which is imprinted in eutherians), this study suggests that an alternative pro

295 FX evidently escaped X inactivation in proto-eutherians, which also possessed a very similar Y-linked

296 (40-63 My), primate specific (64-80 My), and eutherian wide (81-150 My).

297 verall enrichment in AT motifs unique to the eutherian X (except for genes that escape X inactivation

298 ate genes that were present on the ancestral eutherian Y chromosome.

299 s of selection constraining the evolution of eutherian Y chromosomes.

300 oses that the paternal X is inherited by the eutherian zygote as a preinactive X and raises the possi